Inexact Newton method via Lanczos decomposed technique for solving box-constrained nonlinear systems

This paper proposes an inexact Newton method via the Lanczos decomposed technique for solving the box-constrained nonlinear systems. An iterative direction is obtained by solving an affine scaling quadratic model with the Lanczos decomposed technique. By using the interior backtracking line search technique, an acceptable trial step length is found along this direction. The global convergence and the fast local convergence rate of the proposed algorithm are established under some reasonable conditions. Furthermore, the results of the numerical experiments show the effectiveness of the pro- posed algorithm.

Harmonic balance method with alternating frequency/time domain technique for nonlinear dynamical system with fractional exponential

Comparisons of the common methods for obtaining the periodic responses show that the harmonic balance method with alternating frequency/time （HB-AFT） do- main technique has some advantages in dealing with nonlinear problems of fractional exponential models. By the HB-AFT method, a rigid rotor supported by ball bearings with nonlinearity of Hertz contact and ball passage vibrations is considered. With the aid of the Floquet theory, the movement characteristics of interval stability are deeply studied. Besides, a simple strategy to determine the monodromy matrix is proposed for the stability analysis.

Effectiveness of one-to-one feedback methods of teaching with proper metered-dose inhaler technique and correcting errors in chronic obstructive lung disease patients

Objective:To determine the most common mistakes made during the use of a metered-dose inhaler(MDI),and the effect of the repeated trainings performed with demonstration method by providing one-to-one feedback on these mistakes.Methods:This is a quasi-experimental study with a control group.A total of 100 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)patients(50 in the control group and 50 in the experimental group)were included in the research.“Patient Information Form(PIF)”(to determine the descriptive characteristics of patients)through the face-to-face interview method,using“MDI Skill Assessment Form”(MDISAF)(it is composed of 10 skill steps about the use of MDI)through observation method was used.Patients in both the groups were asked to use MDI and their abilities regarding use of MDI were assessed.Then in the intervention group,usage of MDI was explained by a nurse via demonstration and placebo MDI.Trainings were repeated on days 1,3,and 5 as from hospitalization of the patient.In the intervention group,three methods were used in this study:“face-to-face training,”“one-to-one,”and“with feedbacks and repeated.”Routine training regarding use of MDI was given by the nurses in the clinic to patients in the control group.The use of an MDI was assessed using MDISAF before training and after the training on the first,third and fifth days of hospitalization.On the seventh day,the last measurement was performed.Percentage,chi square,and mean were used to assess the data.Results:After repetitive training with one-to-one feedback,several differences between the groups in favor of the experimental group were found in 7 of the 10 skill levels of the MDI.There was a significant difference after“training”between the groups in the third,fourth,fifth,sixth,seventh,eighth and ninth MDI steps in posttest measurement(P<0.05).Evaluating the skills of the groups to use MDI from pretest to posttest,it was determined that while the intervention group made less mistakes in steps in which mistakes were made mostly,the control group continued to make mistakes.Conclusions:Inhaler technique intervention with repeated,face to face,and one-to-one feedback trainings can significantly enhance the MDI techniques in COPD patients.The patients in the intervention group made less mistakes during MDI application and their application skills improved.It may be asser ted that the training provided to the intervention group was effective for using the device correctly,while the training provided in the clinic for the control group was inadequate.

Study on Component Synthesis Active Vibration Suppression Method Using Zero-placement Technique

The component synthesis active vibration suppression method （CSVS） can be applied to suppress the vibration of flexible systems. By this method, several same or similar time-varying components are arranged according to certain rules along the time axis. The synthesized command can suppress the arbitrary unwanted vibration harmonic while achieving the desired rigid body motion. The number of the components increases rapidly when the number of harmonic vibration is growing. In this article, the CSVS based on zero-placement technique is used to construct the synthesized command to suppress the multi-harmonics simultaneously in the discrete domain. The nature of zero-placement method is to put enough zeros to cancel system poles at necessary points. The designed synthesized command has equal time intervals between each component and which is much easier to be implemented. Using this method, the number of components increases linearly with the increasing of the number of being suppressed harmonics. For the spacecraft with flexible appendages, CSVS based on zero-placement is used to design the time optimal large angle maneuver control strategy. Simulations have verified the validity and superiority of the proposed approach.

Data-Driven Adaptive Predictive Control Method With Autotuned Weighting Factor for Nonlinear Systems Using Triangular Dynamic Linearization

Dear Editor,In this letter,a novel data-driven adaptive predictive control method is proposed using the triangular dynamic linearization technique.The proposed method only contains one time-varying parameter with explicit physical meaning,which can prevent severe deviation in parameter estimation.Specifically,a triangular dynamic linearization(TDL)data model is employed to predict future system outputs,and then to correct inaccurate predictive outputs,a feedback regulator is designed.An autotuned weighing factor is introduced to alleviate the computational burden in practical applications and further improve output tracking performance.Closed-loop stability conditions are derived by rigorous analysis.Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method.

Effectiveness of clip-and-snare method using pre-looping technique for gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection

AIM:To evaluate efficacy and safety of clip-and-snare method using pre-looping technique(CSM-PLT)for gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD).METHODS:In the CSM-PLT method,a clip attached to the lesion side was strangulated with a snare,followed by application of an appropriate tension to the lesion independent of an endoscope.Twenty consecutive lesions were resected by ESD using CSM-PLT(CSM-PLT group)and compared with a control group,including20 lesions that were resected by conventional ESD.The control group was matched based on the size and location of the lesion,presence of pathologic fibrosis,and experience of endoscopists.Total procedure time of ESD,proportion of en bloc resection,and complications were analyzed.RESULTS:The total procedure time for the CSM-PLT group was significantly shorter than that for the control group(38.5 min vs 59.5 min,P=0.023);all lesions were resected en bloc by ESD.There was no significant difference in complications between the two groups.Moreover,there was no complication in the CSM-PLT group.In one large lesion(size:74 mm)that underwentextensive CSM-PLT during ESD,we used an additional CSM-PLT on another edge of the lesion after achieving submucosal resection to the maximum extent possible during initial CSM-PLT.In two lesions,the snare came off the lesion together with the clip after a sudden pull;nevertheless,ESD was successful in all lesions.CONCLUSION:CSM-PLT was an effective and safe method for gastric ESD.

GLOBAL CONVERGENCE RESULTS OF A THREE TERM MEMORY GRADIENT METHOD WITH A NON-MONOTONE LINE SEARCH TECHNIQUE

In this paper, a new class of three term memory gradient method with non-monotone line search technique for unconstrained optimization is presented. Global convergence properties of the new methods are discussed. Combining the quasi-Newton method with the new method, the former is modified to have global convergence property. Numerical results show that the new algorithm is efficient.

The State-of-the-Art Review on Applications of Intrusive Sensing,Image Processing Techniques,and Machine Learning Methods in Pavement Monitoring and Analysis

In modern transportation,pavement is one of the most important civil infrastructures for the movement of vehicles and pedestrians.Pavement service quality and service life are of great importance for civil engineers as they directly affect the regular service for the users.Therefore,monitoring the health status of pavement before irreversible damage occurs is essential for timely maintenance,which in turn ensures public transportation safety.Many pavement damages can be detected and analyzed by monitoring the structure dynamic responses and evaluating road surface conditions.Advanced technologies can be employed for the collection and analysis of such data,including various intrusive sensing techniques,image processing techniques,and machine learning methods.This review summarizes the state-ofthe-art of these three technologies in pavement engineering in recent years and suggests possible developments for future pavement monitoring and analysis based on these approaches.

An overview of thermoelectric films:Fabrication techniques,classification,and regulation methods

Thermoelectric materials have aroused widespread concern due to their unique ability to directly convert heat to electricity without any moving parts or noxious emissions.Taking advantages of two-dimensional structures of thermoelectric films,the potential applications of thermoelectric materials are diversified,particularly in microdevices.Well-controlled nanostructures in thermoelectric films are effective to optimize the electrical and thermal transport,which can significantly improve the performance of thermoelectric materials.In this paper,various physical and chemical approaches to fabricate thermoelectric films,including inorganic,organic,and inorganic–organic composites,are summarized,where more attentions are paid on the inorganic thermoelectric films for their excellent thermoelectric responses.Additionally,strategies for enhancing the performance of thermoelectric films are also discussed.

A New Genetic Algorithm Based on Niche Technique and Local Search Method

The genetic algorithm has been widely used in many fields as an easy robust global search and optimization method. In this paper, a new generic algorithm based on niche technique and local search method is presented under the consideration of inadequacies of the simple genetic algorithm. In order to prove the adaptability and validity of the improved genetic algorithm, optimization problems of multimodal functions with equal peaks, unequal peaks and complicated peak distribution are discussed. The simulation results show that compared to other niching methods, this improved genetic algorithm has obvious potential on many respects, such as convergence speed, solution accuracy, ability of global optimization, etc.

Combination of terrestrial reference frames based on space geodetic techniques in SHAO:methodology and main issues

Based on years of input from the four geodetic techniques （SLR, GPS, VLBI and DORIS）, the strategies of the combination were studied in SHAO to generate a new global terrestrial reference frame as the material realization of the ITRS defined in IERS Conventions. The main input includes the time series of weekly solutions （or fortnightly for SLR 1983-1993） of observational data for satellite techniques and session-wise normal equations for VLBI. The set of estimated unknowns includes 3- dimensional Cartesian coordinates at the reference epoch 2005.0 of the stations distributed globally and their rates as well as the time series of consistent Earth Orientation Parameters （EOPs） at the same epochs as the input. Besides the final solution, namely SOL-2, generated by using all the inputs before 2015.0 obtained from short-term observation processing, another reference solution, namely SOL- 1, was also computed by using the input before 2009.0 based on the same combination of procedures for the purpose of comparison with ITRF2008 and DTRF2008 and for evaluating the effect of the latest six more years of data on the combined results. The estimated accuracy of the x-component and y-component of the SOL- 1 TRF-origin was better than 0.1 mm at epoch 2005.0 and better than 0.3 mm yr- 1 in time evolution, either compared with ITRF2008 or DTRF2008. However, the z-component of the translation parameters from SOL-1 to ITRF2008 and DTRF2008 were 3.4 mm and -1.0 ram, respectively. It seems that the z-component of the SOL-1 TRF-origin was much closer to the one in DTRF2008 than the one in ITRF2008. The translation parameters from SOL-2 to ITRF2014 were 2.2, -1.8 and 0.9 mm in the x-, y- and z-components respectively with rates smaller than 0.4 mmyr-1. Similarly, the scale factor transformed from SOL-1 to DTRF2008 was much smaller than that to ITRF2008. The scale parameter from SOL-2 to ITRF2014 was -0.31 ppb with a rate lower than 0.01 ppb yr-1. The external precision （WRMS） compared with IERS EOP 08 C04 of the combined EOP series was smaller than 0.06 mas for the polar motions, smaller than 0.01 ms for the UT1-UTC and smaller than 0.02 ms for the LODs. The precision of the EOPs in SOL-2 was slightly higher than that of SOL-1.

A two-stage short-term traffic flow prediction method based on AVL and AKNN techniques

Short-term traffic flow prediction is one of the essential issues in intelligent transportation systems(ITS). A new two-stage traffic flow prediction method named AKNN-AVL method is presented, which combines an advanced k-nearest neighbor(AKNN)method and balanced binary tree(AVL) data structure to improve the prediction accuracy. The AKNN method uses pattern recognition two times in the searching process, which considers the previous sequences of traffic flow to forecast the future traffic state. Clustering method and balanced binary tree technique are introduced to build case database to reduce the searching time. To illustrate the effects of these developments, the accuracies performance of AKNN-AVL method, k-nearest neighbor(KNN) method and the auto-regressive and moving average(ARMA) method are compared. These methods are calibrated and evaluated by the real-time data from a freeway traffic detector near North 3rd Ring Road in Beijing under both normal and incident traffic conditions.The comparisons show that the AKNN-AVL method with the optimal neighbor and pattern size outperforms both KNN method and ARMA method under both normal and incident traffic conditions. In addition, the combinations of clustering method and balanced binary tree technique to the prediction method can increase the searching speed and respond rapidly to case database fluctuations.

False anomaly recognition with horizontal differential field lines method in high-density electrical technique and its application in Xinlei Quarry,Jiuquan

As an important geophysical tool,high density electrical technique infers the underground geological structures by processing and inverting the apparent resistivity data.Currently,the false anomalies have been frequently occurred in the graph of apparent resistivity pseudo-section or inverted geoelectrical section obtained from high-density electrical technique,and are difficult to remove.In this study,the authors explain the mechanism of the false anomalies and put forward the horizontal differential field method to identify the false anomalies.Based on the analysis of modeling results,this method is applied in the surveying data in Xinlei Quarry of Jiuquan,and the results confirm the effectiveness of the horizontal differential field method.

DETERMINATION OF CLOSURE EFFECT IN FATIGUE CRACKING BY MEANS OF COMPLIANCE TECHNIQUE AND NUMERICAL METHOD

The crack tip strain gauge method in the compliance technique was used to determine the opening load of notched crack of axle steel,and the nonlinear finite element ADINA program, to which the cyclic stress-strain curve of axle steel was applied,was used to analyze the stress-strain field ahead of the crack tip and the opening load of notched crack.The results of both the compliance technique and the numerical method were in good agreement.In this pa- per,the concept of the sensitive point is proposed and the key to the determination of the crack opening load in the experiment is to place a strain gauge at sensitive point.It is certified by both experimental and numerical methods that the sensitive point has the best linear relation- ship character and the value of strain is much greater.

Fast Tensor Principal Component Analysis via Proximal Alternating Direction Method with Vectorized Technique

This paper studies the problem of tensor principal component analysis (PCA). Usually the tensor PCA is viewed as a low-rank matrix completion problem via matrix factorization technique, and nuclear norm is used as a convex approximation of the rank operator under mild condition. However, most nuclear norm minimization approaches are based on SVD operations. Given a matrix , the time complexity of SVD operation is O(mn2), which brings prohibitive computational complexity in large-scale problems. In this paper, an efficient and scalable algorithm for tensor principal component analysis is proposed which is called Linearized Alternating Direction Method with Vectorized technique for Tensor Principal Component Analysis (LADMVTPCA). Different from traditional matrix factorization methods, LADMVTPCA utilizes the vectorized technique to formulate the tensor as an outer product of vectors, which greatly improves the computational efficacy compared to matrix factorization method. In the experiment part, synthetic tensor data with different orders are used to empirically evaluate the proposed algorithm LADMVTPCA. Results have shown that LADMVTPCA outperforms matrix factorization based method.

A COMBINED TECHNIQUE FOR SOLUTION OF PDE＇s VIA THE GENERALIZED DOMAIN DECOMPOSITION METHOD

The Domain Decomposition Method(DDM) is a powerful approach to solving maily types of PDE's. DDM is especially suitable for massively Parallel computers. In the past, most research on DDM has focused on the domain splitting technique. In this paper. we focus our attention on use of a combination of techniques to solve each subproblem. The central question with DDM is that of how to doal with the pseodoboundary conditions. Here, we introduce a set of operators which act on the pseudo-boundaries in the solution process, referring to this new. procedure as the 'Generalized Domain Decomposition A.Jlethod(GDDM).' We have already obtained convergence factors for GDDM with certain classes of PDE's. These ctonvergence factors show that we can derive exact solutions of the whole problem for certain types of PDE's, and can get superior speed of convergence for other types.

Weighing and Prioritizing Noise Control Methods Using the Delphi Technique and the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) in an Iranian Tire Manufacturing Factory

Undoubtedly,noise has become a major hazardous issue in today’s industrial world,with a lot of people suffering from exposure to excessive noise in their work environments.This study was conducted to weigh and prioritize noise control methods in an Iranian tire manufacturing complex in Iran.The Delphi method and the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity and an Ideal Solution(TOPSIS)were utilized for this purpose.This cross-sectional,descriptive study was conducted in the baking hall of an Iranian tire manufacturing factory in 2016.To weigh and prioritize noise control methods,Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)and TOPSIS were applied.In total,4 criteria and 8 alternatives were examined.An AHP and TOPSIS questionnaire was then designed to prioritize noise control methods in the light of the objectives,criteria,and alternatives.Then,the collected data were fed into Expert Choise.V.11 and Excel and data analysis was carried out using TOPSIS.The results of data analysis indicated that the inconsistency rate in all the cases was smaller than 10%,hence the consistency of the responses was verified.According to the TOPSIS results and experts’opinions about the criteria,implementation and maintenance cost(with a weight of 0.481)and method effectiveness and efficiency(with a weight of 0.046)had the highest and lowest priority respectively.Based on the weights TOPSIS,the appropriate methods for controlling noise in tire manufacturing are designing and manufacturing silencer,requiring people in charge to quickly fix the leaks and change baking press washers on time.

Geospatial Techniques, a Superlative Method to Assess Urban Heat Island Intensity: The Case of Abuja Municipal, Nigeria

Most cities around the world, including Abuja Municipal are being faced with an undesirable increased in air temperature. This is indicated by an increase in non-porous, non-evaporating, highly thermal conductive surfaces such as concrete and asphalt, which has replaced the vegetation biomass resulting to the formation of urban heat island. There is an increasing need for studies on the changing trend of UHI intensity in cities. This research employed geospatial techniques to determine the urban heat island intensity in Abuja Municipal. Temperature characteristics over twenty selected rural and urban locations in Abuja, FCT were derived from the satellite image of 1986, 2001 and 2016 using the “Extract Multi Values to Point” tool in ArcGIS 10.4. These transects pass over various landscapes with different environmental settings, with the aim of understanding the factors shaping the city’s thermal landscape. The intervals of +15 years were deliberately chosen to ensure uniformity between the datasets. The results of this analysis indicate that UHII has been increasing, from 1986-2016, giving credence to the results of the spatial and temporal analysis of the land surface temperature, indicating the development phases had hit full stride. The different periods under study (1986, 2001 and 2016) were also tested using the student “t” test to determine the significant difference in the land surface temperature values to acknowledge the presence of a substantial urban heat island within the study area. The result reveals the calculated “t” values of 2.50, 3.34, 5.57 of 1986, 2001 and 2016 respectively, are higher than the critical value of “t” at 0.05 being 1.73, thus, revealing the temperature differences between the urban and rural stations to be highly significant, indicating the presence of a strong urban heat island. Also, a slide difference in the temperature was observed with the Rubuchi and Karmajiji rural areas having higher temperature readings than their counterparts in the urban areas, Asokoro and Garki, with readings of −0.4°C and −1.3°C. Since effectiveness of a surface in reducing daytime urban air temperatures depends strongly on the amount of heating avoided, the study recommends preserving and replicating greenery, light coloured facades as measures to reduce the effects of urban heat island.

A NEW COPY TECHNIQUE·FOR SPECIMEN GRATING IN MOIRE METHOD

A special X-radiography,used in obtaining the deformed specimen grating in in-plane moire method is introduced.The density of gridline is up to 50 lines / mm.This method is suitable not only for the copy of grating in fiat surface but also for that in curved surface.From unfolding the copy and superposing it with a reference grating,the moire effect arises.By processing this moire fringes with the digital image processing unit, the strain distribution would be obtained.Furthermore,the u-and v-displacement fields could be separated by the optical processing of this copy.The measurment sensitivity and accuracy become better simultaneously because of the fringe multiplication.Thus,this method makes it possible to measure the elastic-plastic strain precisely in any developable curved surfaces,for example, the surface of shaft,rotary-wing,cylindrical shell and cone shell etc.

Hopping Parameter Expansion Technique in Noise Method for Disconnected Quark Loops

We investigate the effectiveness of the hopping parameter expansion（HPE） combined with the Z（2） noise method in the calculation of the trace of the inverse of Wilson＇s Dirac operator and some other disconnected contributions.A numerical comparison of the standard deviation for the Z（2） noise method and HPE with the Z（2） noise method is carried out. It is found that there are noise reductions in all the quantities we calculated using the HPE with the Z（2） noise method. For the trace of the inverse of Wilson＇s Dirac operator, the HPE can reduce the statistical error by about 60%.