稻红瓢虫越冬聚集习性研究

对稻红瓢虫越冬聚集习性研究结果表明:稻红瓢虫以成虫在双穗雀稗、矛叶荩草、毛花雀稗、臭根子草等禾本科杂草丛生的田埂、土坎及背风向阳的荒坡上越冬。越冬部位主要在杂草基部和土缝中。越冬成虫在自然界里聚集分布,聚集是由其本身的聚集行为与环境的异质性共同引起的。此外,本文还对稻红瓢虫进行了田间种群密度的估计和理论抽样,提出了稻红瓢虫的越冬保护措施。

饲养瓢虫的替代食物:利用地中海粉螟卵与油菜花粉连续多代饲喂稻红瓢虫

稻红瓢虫Micraspis discolor(Fabricius)是稻田害虫捕食性天敌优势种之一,捕食包括蓟马、稻蚜、叶蝉、飞虱Delphacidae、鳞翅目幼虫和卵等多种水稻害虫,对褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens有控制作用。为了筛选出稻红瓢虫系统化饲养适宜的替代食物,本研究利用地中海粉螟Ephestia kuehniella Zeller卵和油菜花粉分别连续4代饲养稻红瓢虫,分析各代不同食物处理后幼虫各龄的历期、死亡率、雌性比、雌雄体重间的差异,同时也对比了两种处理F 2代间雌虫的繁殖力及雌雄成虫的寿命。实验发现,食用地中海粉螟卵的稻红瓢虫比食用油菜花粉的表现力更佳,具体表现为稻红瓢虫取食地中海粉螟卵的幼虫各代历期显著短于取食油菜花粉的处理(P<0.05),F 1-F 3代取食地中海粉螟卵的稻红瓢虫比取食油菜花粉的稻红瓢虫具有较高的雌性比例(38.46%-41.07%vs 50.75%-55.56%),取食地中海粉螟卵的各代初羽化稻红瓢虫体重始终大于取食油菜花粉的各代稻红瓢虫。油菜花粉饲喂的F 2代雌性稻红瓢虫产卵前期大约是同期地中海粉螟卵处理的2倍多(P<0.05),且稻红瓢虫取食地中海粉螟卵后的最初30天产卵量大于油菜花粉处理,喂饲地中海粉螟卵的F 2代稻红瓢虫雌雄成虫寿命比喂饲油菜花粉的F2代稻红瓢虫长。综合分析幼虫发育和繁殖力结果,地中海粉螟卵比油菜花粉更适合稻红瓢虫的生长发育,稻红瓢虫在连续多代饲喂地中海粉螟卵后比饲喂油菜花粉有着更稳定的幼虫发育指标,表明地中海粉螟卵比油菜花粉更适合作为稻红瓢虫系统化扩繁的替代食物。

Development and immature survival of two aphidophagous ladybirds, Coelophora biplagiata and Micraspis discolor

The developmental parameters, namely developmental periods, larval survival, adult emergence, growth index, developmental rate and sex ratio in terms of female proportion in a population of two aphidophagous ladybirds, namely, Coelophora biplagiata （Swartz） and Micraspis discolor （Fabricius） were investigated, using three aphid species as prey. The immature stages of C. biplagiata were significantly affected by prey quality and developed fastest when fed on Aphis craccivora followed by Aphis gossypii and Rhopalosiphum maidis. The order of prey suitability in terms of developmental rate of immature stages of M. discolor was just reversed. The adult females were heavier than males, while pre-pupae were heavier than pupae in both ladybirds. The sex ratio of adult emergence, though female-biased in both ladybird species, was not significantly affected by prey quality.