Gastric cancer(GC) is the fourth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Micro RNAs(mi RNAs) and long non-coding RNAs(lnc RNAs) are the most popular non-coding RNAs in cancer rese...Gastric cancer(GC) is the fourth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Micro RNAs(mi RNAs) and long non-coding RNAs(lnc RNAs) are the most popular non-coding RNAs in cancer research. To date,the roles of mi RNAs and lnc RNAs have been extensively studied in GC,suggesting that mi RNAs and lnc RNAs represent a vital component of tumor biology. Furthermore,circulating mi RNAs and lnc RNAs are found to be dysregulated in patients with GC compared with healthy individuals. Circulating mi RNAs and lnc RNAs may function as promising biomarkers to improve the early detection of GC. Multiple possibilities for mi RNA secretion have been elucidated,including active secretion by microvesicles,exosomes,apoptotic bodies,highdensity lipoproteins and protein complexes as well as passive leakage from cells. However,the mechanism underlying lnc RNA secretion and the functions of circulating mi RNAs and lnc RNAs have not been fully illuminated. Concurrently,to standardize results of global investigations of circulating mi RNAs and lnc RNAs biomarker studies,several recommendations for preanalytic considerations are put forward. In this review,we summarize the known circulating mi RNAs and lnc RNAs for GC diagnosis. The possible mechanism of mi RNA and lnc RNA secretion as well as methodologies for identification of circulating mi RNAs and lnc RNAs are also discussed. The topics covered here highlight new insights into GC diagnosis and screening.展开更多
BACKGROUND The incidence of colon cancer(CC)is currently high,and is mainly treated with chemotherapy.Oxaliplatin(L-OHP)is a commonly used drug in chemotherapy;however,long-term use can induce drug resistance and seri...BACKGROUND The incidence of colon cancer(CC)is currently high,and is mainly treated with chemotherapy.Oxaliplatin(L-OHP)is a commonly used drug in chemotherapy;however,long-term use can induce drug resistance and seriously affect the prognosis of patients.Therefore,this study investigated the mechanism of Opainteracting protein 5 antisense RNA 1(OIP5-AS1)on L-OHP resistance by determining the expression of OIP5-AS1 and micro RNA-137(miR-137)in CC cells and the effects on L-OHP resistance,with the goal of identifying new targets for the treatment of CC.AIM To study the effects of long non-coding RNA OIP5-AS1 on L-OHP resistance in CC cell lines and its regulation of miR-137.METHODS A total of 114 CC patients admitted to China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University were enrolled,and the expression of miR-137 and OIP5-AS1 in tumor tissues and corresponding normal tumor-adjacent tissues was determined.The influence of OIP5-AS1 and miR-137 on the biological behavior of CC cells was evaluated.Resistance to L-OHP was induced in CC cells,and their activity was determined and evaluated using cell counting kit-8.Flow cytometry was used to analyze the apoptosis rate,Western blot to determine the levels of apoptosisrelated proteins,and dual luciferase reporter assay combined with RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation to analyze the relationship between OIP5-AS1 and miR-137.RESULTS OIP5-AS1 was up-regulated in CC tissues and cells,while miR-137 was downregulated in CC tissues and cells.OIP5-AS1 was inversely correlated with miR-137(P<0.001).Silencing OIP5-AS1 expression significantly hindered the proliferation,invasion and migration abilities of CC cells and markedly increased the apoptosis rate.Up-regulation of miR-137 expression also suppressed these abilities in CC cells and increased the apoptosis rate.Moreover,silencing OIP5-AS1 and up-regulating miR-137 expression significantly intensified growth inhibition of drug-resistant CC cells and improved the sensitivity of CC cells to LOHP.OIP5-AS1 targetedly inhibited miR-137 expression,and silencing OIP5-AS1 reversed the resistance of CC cells to L-OHP by promoting the expression of miR-137.CONCLUSION Highly expressed in CC,OIP5-AS1 can affect the biological behavior of CC cells,and can also regulate the resistance of CC cells to L-OHP by mediating miR-137 expression.展开更多
Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs) belong to a large and complex family of RNAs, which play many important roles in regulating gene expression. However, the mechanism underlying the dynamic expression of lncRNAs is still n...Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs) belong to a large and complex family of RNAs, which play many important roles in regulating gene expression. However, the mechanism underlying the dynamic expression of lncRNAs is still not very clear. In order to identify lncRNAs and clarify the mechanisms involved, we collected basic information and highlighted the mechanisms underlying lncRNA expression and regulation. Overall, lncRNAs are regulated by several similar transcription factors and protein-coding genes. Epigenetic modification(DNA methylation and histone modification) can also downregulate lncRNA levels in tissues and cells. Moreover, lncRNAs may be degraded or cleaved via interaction with miRNAs and miRNAassociated protein complexes. Furthermore, alternative RNA splicing(AS) may play a significant role in the post-transcriptional regulation of lncRNAs.展开更多
目的探讨冠心病患者血清miRNA-144表达水平与冠状动脉粥样硬化严重程度的相关性。方法选取冠心病患者67例(冠心病组)和同期来医院体检中心进行体检无冠心病体检者30例(对照组),收集基本临床和血生化资料,使用PCR法检测两组样本的血清中m...目的探讨冠心病患者血清miRNA-144表达水平与冠状动脉粥样硬化严重程度的相关性。方法选取冠心病患者67例(冠心病组)和同期来医院体检中心进行体检无冠心病体检者30例(对照组),收集基本临床和血生化资料,使用PCR法检测两组样本的血清中miRNA-144的表达水平,使用Gensini评分法评价冠状动脉病变严重程度,进行单因素和多因素分析。结果冠心病组患者体内血清miRNA-144的表达水平较对照组显著升高(P<0.01),其中急性心肌梗死亚组患者的miRNA-144的表达较对照组变化量最明显。Gensini评分与miRNA-144的表达量呈明显的正相关(r=0.69,P<0.01),受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operating curve,ROC)分析结果显示曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC)为0.9888(P<0.01),灵敏度和特异度分别为98%和98%。结论冠心病患者血清中miRNA-144表达水平升高,且其表达水平与冠状动脉粥样硬化严重程度呈正相关。展开更多
目的·研究血浆外泌体来源的microRNA(miRNA),为结核病的诊断寻找潜在标志物。方法·采用卡介苗(Bacille CalmetteGuérin,BCG,即减毒牛分枝结核杆菌)感染人单核细胞白血病细胞(THP-1)来源的巨噬细胞(BCG组),设置未感染细...目的·研究血浆外泌体来源的microRNA(miRNA),为结核病的诊断寻找潜在标志物。方法·采用卡介苗(Bacille CalmetteGuérin,BCG,即减毒牛分枝结核杆菌)感染人单核细胞白血病细胞(THP-1)来源的巨噬细胞(BCG组),设置未感染细胞为对照组。利用超速离心法获取2组细胞培养上清液中的外泌体,通过透射电子显微镜(transmission electron microscope,TEM)、蛋白质印迹法进行形态学及蛋白标志物鉴定,并对外泌体进行转录组测序分析。选取测序结果中的3个差异表达miRNAs,就10例结核病患者(结核病组)和8例健康志愿者(健康对照组)的血浆外泌体进行临床验证。通过TargetScan、miRDB和PicTar数据库对存在潜在差异表达的miRNA进行靶基因预测。结果·细胞培养上清液外泌体测序结果显示,与对照组相比,miRNA-323a-3p、miRNA-29a-3p和miRNA-29b-3p在BCG组的表达均有显著差异,而在临床验证中仅有miRNA-323a-3p在2组表达间的差异具有统计学意义(P=0.004);且miRNA-323a-3p在结核患者血浆来源的外泌体中显著下调,与转录组结果一致。结论·血浆外泌体来源的miRNA-323a-3p在结核患者中的表达显著下调,且其靶基因与自噬作用密切相关,有望为结核病的机制研究提供新思路。展开更多
Epithelial ovarian cancer(EOC) is the leading cause of death among all gynecological malignancies. Despite the technological and medical advances over the past four decades, such as the development of several biologic...Epithelial ovarian cancer(EOC) is the leading cause of death among all gynecological malignancies. Despite the technological and medical advances over the past four decades, such as the development of several biological markers(mRNA and proteins biomarkers), the mortality rate of ovarian cancer remains a challenge because of its late diagnosis, which is specifically attributed to low specificities and sensitivities. Under this compulsive scenario, recent advances in expression biology have shifted in identifying and developing specific and sensitive biomarkers, such as micro RNAs(miRNAs) for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. MiRNAs are a novel class of small non-coding RNAs that deregulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level, either by translational repression or by mRNA degradation. These mechanisms may be involved in a complex cascade of cellular events associated with the pathophysiology of many types of cancer. MiRNAs are easily detectable in tissue and blood samples of cancer patients. Therefore, miRNAs hold good promise as potential biomarkers in ovarian cancer. In this review, we attempted to provide a comprehensive profile of key miRNAs involved in ovarian carcinoma to establish mi RNAs as more reliable non-invasive clinical biomarkers for early detection of ovarian cancer compared with protein and DNA biomarkers.展开更多
MicroRNAs （miRNAs）are small endogenous non-protein coding RNAs that range in size from 19-25 nucleotides. Thousands of miRNA genes have been identified in a variety of organisms, suggesting genetic exchange and dist...MicroRNAs （miRNAs）are small endogenous non-protein coding RNAs that range in size from 19-25 nucleotides. Thousands of miRNA genes have been identified in a variety of organisms, suggesting genetic exchange and distribution among species, miRNAs negatively regulate gene expression by binding to the 3＂-untranslated regions （3＂-UTRs） of their target genes and play an important role in growth, development and the occurrence of diseases. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the understanding of the role of miRNAs in exosomes and their therapeutic potential, as well as provide an overview of the basic characteristics of miRNAs.展开更多
文摘Gastric cancer(GC) is the fourth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Micro RNAs(mi RNAs) and long non-coding RNAs(lnc RNAs) are the most popular non-coding RNAs in cancer research. To date,the roles of mi RNAs and lnc RNAs have been extensively studied in GC,suggesting that mi RNAs and lnc RNAs represent a vital component of tumor biology. Furthermore,circulating mi RNAs and lnc RNAs are found to be dysregulated in patients with GC compared with healthy individuals. Circulating mi RNAs and lnc RNAs may function as promising biomarkers to improve the early detection of GC. Multiple possibilities for mi RNA secretion have been elucidated,including active secretion by microvesicles,exosomes,apoptotic bodies,highdensity lipoproteins and protein complexes as well as passive leakage from cells. However,the mechanism underlying lnc RNA secretion and the functions of circulating mi RNAs and lnc RNAs have not been fully illuminated. Concurrently,to standardize results of global investigations of circulating mi RNAs and lnc RNAs biomarker studies,several recommendations for preanalytic considerations are put forward. In this review,we summarize the known circulating mi RNAs and lnc RNAs for GC diagnosis. The possible mechanism of mi RNA and lnc RNA secretion as well as methodologies for identification of circulating mi RNAs and lnc RNAs are also discussed. The topics covered here highlight new insights into GC diagnosis and screening.
文摘BACKGROUND The incidence of colon cancer(CC)is currently high,and is mainly treated with chemotherapy.Oxaliplatin(L-OHP)is a commonly used drug in chemotherapy;however,long-term use can induce drug resistance and seriously affect the prognosis of patients.Therefore,this study investigated the mechanism of Opainteracting protein 5 antisense RNA 1(OIP5-AS1)on L-OHP resistance by determining the expression of OIP5-AS1 and micro RNA-137(miR-137)in CC cells and the effects on L-OHP resistance,with the goal of identifying new targets for the treatment of CC.AIM To study the effects of long non-coding RNA OIP5-AS1 on L-OHP resistance in CC cell lines and its regulation of miR-137.METHODS A total of 114 CC patients admitted to China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University were enrolled,and the expression of miR-137 and OIP5-AS1 in tumor tissues and corresponding normal tumor-adjacent tissues was determined.The influence of OIP5-AS1 and miR-137 on the biological behavior of CC cells was evaluated.Resistance to L-OHP was induced in CC cells,and their activity was determined and evaluated using cell counting kit-8.Flow cytometry was used to analyze the apoptosis rate,Western blot to determine the levels of apoptosisrelated proteins,and dual luciferase reporter assay combined with RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation to analyze the relationship between OIP5-AS1 and miR-137.RESULTS OIP5-AS1 was up-regulated in CC tissues and cells,while miR-137 was downregulated in CC tissues and cells.OIP5-AS1 was inversely correlated with miR-137(P<0.001).Silencing OIP5-AS1 expression significantly hindered the proliferation,invasion and migration abilities of CC cells and markedly increased the apoptosis rate.Up-regulation of miR-137 expression also suppressed these abilities in CC cells and increased the apoptosis rate.Moreover,silencing OIP5-AS1 and up-regulating miR-137 expression significantly intensified growth inhibition of drug-resistant CC cells and improved the sensitivity of CC cells to LOHP.OIP5-AS1 targetedly inhibited miR-137 expression,and silencing OIP5-AS1 reversed the resistance of CC cells to L-OHP by promoting the expression of miR-137.CONCLUSION Highly expressed in CC,OIP5-AS1 can affect the biological behavior of CC cells,and can also regulate the resistance of CC cells to L-OHP by mediating miR-137 expression.
文摘Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs) belong to a large and complex family of RNAs, which play many important roles in regulating gene expression. However, the mechanism underlying the dynamic expression of lncRNAs is still not very clear. In order to identify lncRNAs and clarify the mechanisms involved, we collected basic information and highlighted the mechanisms underlying lncRNA expression and regulation. Overall, lncRNAs are regulated by several similar transcription factors and protein-coding genes. Epigenetic modification(DNA methylation and histone modification) can also downregulate lncRNA levels in tissues and cells. Moreover, lncRNAs may be degraded or cleaved via interaction with miRNAs and miRNAassociated protein complexes. Furthermore, alternative RNA splicing(AS) may play a significant role in the post-transcriptional regulation of lncRNAs.
文摘目的探讨冠心病患者血清miRNA-144表达水平与冠状动脉粥样硬化严重程度的相关性。方法选取冠心病患者67例(冠心病组)和同期来医院体检中心进行体检无冠心病体检者30例(对照组),收集基本临床和血生化资料,使用PCR法检测两组样本的血清中miRNA-144的表达水平,使用Gensini评分法评价冠状动脉病变严重程度,进行单因素和多因素分析。结果冠心病组患者体内血清miRNA-144的表达水平较对照组显著升高(P<0.01),其中急性心肌梗死亚组患者的miRNA-144的表达较对照组变化量最明显。Gensini评分与miRNA-144的表达量呈明显的正相关(r=0.69,P<0.01),受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operating curve,ROC)分析结果显示曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC)为0.9888(P<0.01),灵敏度和特异度分别为98%和98%。结论冠心病患者血清中miRNA-144表达水平升高,且其表达水平与冠状动脉粥样硬化严重程度呈正相关。
文摘目的·研究血浆外泌体来源的microRNA(miRNA),为结核病的诊断寻找潜在标志物。方法·采用卡介苗(Bacille CalmetteGuérin,BCG,即减毒牛分枝结核杆菌)感染人单核细胞白血病细胞(THP-1)来源的巨噬细胞(BCG组),设置未感染细胞为对照组。利用超速离心法获取2组细胞培养上清液中的外泌体,通过透射电子显微镜(transmission electron microscope,TEM)、蛋白质印迹法进行形态学及蛋白标志物鉴定,并对外泌体进行转录组测序分析。选取测序结果中的3个差异表达miRNAs,就10例结核病患者(结核病组)和8例健康志愿者(健康对照组)的血浆外泌体进行临床验证。通过TargetScan、miRDB和PicTar数据库对存在潜在差异表达的miRNA进行靶基因预测。结果·细胞培养上清液外泌体测序结果显示,与对照组相比,miRNA-323a-3p、miRNA-29a-3p和miRNA-29b-3p在BCG组的表达均有显著差异,而在临床验证中仅有miRNA-323a-3p在2组表达间的差异具有统计学意义(P=0.004);且miRNA-323a-3p在结核患者血浆来源的外泌体中显著下调,与转录组结果一致。结论·血浆外泌体来源的miRNA-323a-3p在结核患者中的表达显著下调,且其靶基因与自噬作用密切相关,有望为结核病的机制研究提供新思路。
基金the ICMR New Delhi for financial support (Grant No. 3/2/2/136/2012/NCD-Ⅲ)
文摘Epithelial ovarian cancer(EOC) is the leading cause of death among all gynecological malignancies. Despite the technological and medical advances over the past four decades, such as the development of several biological markers(mRNA and proteins biomarkers), the mortality rate of ovarian cancer remains a challenge because of its late diagnosis, which is specifically attributed to low specificities and sensitivities. Under this compulsive scenario, recent advances in expression biology have shifted in identifying and developing specific and sensitive biomarkers, such as micro RNAs(miRNAs) for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. MiRNAs are a novel class of small non-coding RNAs that deregulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level, either by translational repression or by mRNA degradation. These mechanisms may be involved in a complex cascade of cellular events associated with the pathophysiology of many types of cancer. MiRNAs are easily detectable in tissue and blood samples of cancer patients. Therefore, miRNAs hold good promise as potential biomarkers in ovarian cancer. In this review, we attempted to provide a comprehensive profile of key miRNAs involved in ovarian carcinoma to establish mi RNAs as more reliable non-invasive clinical biomarkers for early detection of ovarian cancer compared with protein and DNA biomarkers.
基金supported by a grant from the Major Science and Technology Project of New Variety Breeding of Genetically Modified Organisms(2009ZX08008-004 and 2008ZX08008-003)the National High Technology Research Development Program of China(863 Program,2008AA10Z140)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30571339)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(ASTIP-IAS05)the Innovation Research Foundation of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2004-CAAS-1)the Basic Research Fund for Central Public Research Institutes of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Y2016JC22,2013ywf-zd-2)
文摘MicroRNAs （miRNAs）are small endogenous non-protein coding RNAs that range in size from 19-25 nucleotides. Thousands of miRNA genes have been identified in a variety of organisms, suggesting genetic exchange and distribution among species, miRNAs negatively regulate gene expression by binding to the 3＂-untranslated regions （3＂-UTRs） of their target genes and play an important role in growth, development and the occurrence of diseases. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the understanding of the role of miRNAs in exosomes and their therapeutic potential, as well as provide an overview of the basic characteristics of miRNAs.
