Microplastics(MPs)are man-made litter receiving current conversation of interest as a silent pollutant to Earth.Its impact is high on the coastal waters,sediment and organisms of the marine environment.It is a pertine...Microplastics(MPs)are man-made litter receiving current conversation of interest as a silent pollutant to Earth.Its impact is high on the coastal waters,sediment and organisms of the marine environment.It is a pertinent requirement to investigate the microplastic MP contamination in the marine environment of the Asian region aiming at the world’s 3rd largest ocean,the Indian Ocean.Among the different samples,Indian Ocean water and deep-sea sediment samples have mostly been investigated covering the Southwestern Sumatran region(Eastern Indian Ocean)which is a well-known domestic and industrial shipping route.Majority of the tested samples were in the form of granules,fibers and fragments of 100-500μm and 38-6,330μm in size range respectively in deep-sea sediment samples and in ocean water samples.Further,the prominent MPs types were PVC(polyvinyl chloride),PP(polypropylene)synthetic micro debris,Poly methyl methacrylate PMMA plastic micro debris,PTFE(polytetrafluoroethylene),and nylon.Floating plastic debris has also been found on surface ocean waters in the Eastern Indian Oceanic region as an emergent floating litter.Its size range and the percentage abundance were documented as 0.5-5 mm and 50%respectively.Moreover,the Western Indian Oceanic region has reported the highest percentage abundance of MPs in ocean waters(10.48%).These MPs were assumed to derive from fiber or fishing line material,regional fishery activities and the sewage disposal debris of tourist-based coastline anthropogenic activities.The polymer-specific sources that release this potential pollutant were not yet accurately discovered.This review article elaborates on the topic by reviewing the MPs’pervasiveness,identifying different passageways and sources of discharging MPs to the Indian Ocean and finally the ecological and socio economic risks of the matter.Thus,it may highlight the knowledge gaps which more research studies should be focused on.展开更多
The large plastic produced by human production and life is degraded into micro-plastics in the environment. Micro-plastics are harmful to organisms and the environment. In order to determine the hazards of micro-plast...The large plastic produced by human production and life is degraded into micro-plastics in the environment. Micro-plastics are harmful to organisms and the environment. In order to determine the hazards of micro-plastic pollution, zebrafish embryos were used as the tested organism, and 0.6-1.0 μm polystyrene micro-plastic was used to carry out embryo exposure experiment. The toxic effects of polystyrene plastic particles on zebrafish embryos were investigated comprehensively, and the toxicity was evaluated. The results of this study showed that 0.6-1.0 μm polystyrene micro-plastic had certain toxicity on zebrafish embryos, and it had a lethal effect when the concentration reached 250 mg/L; 25 mg/L 0.6-1.0 μm polystyrene particles can cause cyrtosis and pericardial edema of zebrafish embryos and other non-lethal toxic effects; and 250 and 1 000 mg/L exposure concentration can slow down heart rate. A hazard evaluation index system of polystyrene particles to zebrafish embryos was established, and it is determined that the exposure to 250 mg/L or lower concentration of polystyrene particles has slight hazard.展开更多
In recent decades,the potential health hazards of microwave exposure have been attracting increasing attention.Our previous studies have demonstrated that microwave exposure impaired learning and memory in experimenta...In recent decades,the potential health hazards of microwave exposure have been attracting increasing attention.Our previous studies have demonstrated that microwave exposure impaired learning and memory in experimental animal models[1,2].展开更多
The concept of microbeads and the use of plastic microbeads(as a form of micro plastic) in cosmetics were introduced. The legislations related to prohibition of plastic microbeads in cosmetics in different countries w...The concept of microbeads and the use of plastic microbeads(as a form of micro plastic) in cosmetics were introduced. The legislations related to prohibition of plastic microbeads in cosmetics in different countries were reviewed. And the harzards and alternatives of plastic microbeads were described.展开更多
文摘Microplastics(MPs)are man-made litter receiving current conversation of interest as a silent pollutant to Earth.Its impact is high on the coastal waters,sediment and organisms of the marine environment.It is a pertinent requirement to investigate the microplastic MP contamination in the marine environment of the Asian region aiming at the world’s 3rd largest ocean,the Indian Ocean.Among the different samples,Indian Ocean water and deep-sea sediment samples have mostly been investigated covering the Southwestern Sumatran region(Eastern Indian Ocean)which is a well-known domestic and industrial shipping route.Majority of the tested samples were in the form of granules,fibers and fragments of 100-500μm and 38-6,330μm in size range respectively in deep-sea sediment samples and in ocean water samples.Further,the prominent MPs types were PVC(polyvinyl chloride),PP(polypropylene)synthetic micro debris,Poly methyl methacrylate PMMA plastic micro debris,PTFE(polytetrafluoroethylene),and nylon.Floating plastic debris has also been found on surface ocean waters in the Eastern Indian Oceanic region as an emergent floating litter.Its size range and the percentage abundance were documented as 0.5-5 mm and 50%respectively.Moreover,the Western Indian Oceanic region has reported the highest percentage abundance of MPs in ocean waters(10.48%).These MPs were assumed to derive from fiber or fishing line material,regional fishery activities and the sewage disposal debris of tourist-based coastline anthropogenic activities.The polymer-specific sources that release this potential pollutant were not yet accurately discovered.This review article elaborates on the topic by reviewing the MPs’pervasiveness,identifying different passageways and sources of discharging MPs to the Indian Ocean and finally the ecological and socio economic risks of the matter.Thus,it may highlight the knowledge gaps which more research studies should be focused on.
基金Supported by Innovation and Entrepreneurship Program Project of Students in Hainan Medical University(HYCX2016040)Program of Hainan Association for Science and Technology Plans to Youth R&D Innovation(2015013)
文摘The large plastic produced by human production and life is degraded into micro-plastics in the environment. Micro-plastics are harmful to organisms and the environment. In order to determine the hazards of micro-plastic pollution, zebrafish embryos were used as the tested organism, and 0.6-1.0 μm polystyrene micro-plastic was used to carry out embryo exposure experiment. The toxic effects of polystyrene plastic particles on zebrafish embryos were investigated comprehensively, and the toxicity was evaluated. The results of this study showed that 0.6-1.0 μm polystyrene micro-plastic had certain toxicity on zebrafish embryos, and it had a lethal effect when the concentration reached 250 mg/L; 25 mg/L 0.6-1.0 μm polystyrene particles can cause cyrtosis and pericardial edema of zebrafish embryos and other non-lethal toxic effects; and 250 and 1 000 mg/L exposure concentration can slow down heart rate. A hazard evaluation index system of polystyrene particles to zebrafish embryos was established, and it is determined that the exposure to 250 mg/L or lower concentration of polystyrene particles has slight hazard.
基金supported by National Science Foundation of China[No.81172620]。
文摘In recent decades,the potential health hazards of microwave exposure have been attracting increasing attention.Our previous studies have demonstrated that microwave exposure impaired learning and memory in experimental animal models[1,2].
文摘The concept of microbeads and the use of plastic microbeads(as a form of micro plastic) in cosmetics were introduced. The legislations related to prohibition of plastic microbeads in cosmetics in different countries were reviewed. And the harzards and alternatives of plastic microbeads were described.
