ISOLATION DESIGN AND SIMULATIONAL EXPERIMENT OF NANOMETER MICRO MOVEMENT TEST-BED

The relation of mass, stiffness and rate of damping is obtained by using the mechanical analysis of the obstructive vibration system of two dimensions for the design of the obstructive vibration system of more freedom and the micro vibration test bed. The result of stimulational experiment indicates that the isolation of vibration of this system is satisfactory. The design method of vibration can be used as the reference to ultra precision machine tool, super micro orientation machanism and so on.

Mechanical Characterization of Electroplated Ni Films by Micro-tensile Testing

Mechanical properties of structural materials are particularly important for design, performance realization and reliability analysis of microelectromechanical systems （MEMS）. Furthermore, accurate database of mechanical properties at the micro scale can provide indispensable reference for establishing MEMS standard. Electroplated nickel film is one of the most favored structural materials used in MEMS, thus its mechanical properties has been studied for many years. However, the measured values show large scatter in Yotmg＇s modulus of nickel film. Young＇s modulus and yield stress of electroplated nickel film are measured by using a micro-tensile testing instrument. The tensile load applied on the specimen is measured by a load cell with accuracy 0.25 mN directly, without additional friction. Through measuring the axial stiffness coefficient of the tensile instnunent in situ, the tensile strain of the specimen is obtained by using two-serial spring model. The electroplated nickel films were fabricated from sulfarnate baths, and the gauge section is 500μm long and 10μm wide nominally, and thickness range between 25 μm and 50μm. The obtained Young＇s modulus from tensile testing is 83＋6 GPa for nickel specimens electroplated at current density of 20 mA/cm2 and it increases to 124＋5 GPa as current density is decreased to 10 mA/cm2. The phenomena are interpreted in terms of porosity of microstructure. The higher current density produced rnicrostucture with low density and high volume fraction of pores, and the microstructure of high porosity corresponds to a lower modulus. The measured values of Young＇s modulus are consistent with those of calculated from the exponential empirical formula between Young＇s modulus and porosity. The micro-tensile testing instrument can also be used for mechanical measurement of other MEMS films.

Measurement of Ca^(2+) Flow in Cochlear Cells Using Non-Invasive Micro-Test Technique

Objective To test Calcium ion(Ca2+) flow at the head and end of outer hair cells(OHCs) in resting state and in response to Nimodipine treatment.Methods Non-invasive micro-test techniques were used to study Ca2+ in isolated OHCs in adult guinea pigs.Results Four types of Ca2+ transport were identified in OHCs on basilar membrane tissue fragments:influx at the head of with efflux at the bottom(type 1):efflux at the head of OHCs with influx at the bottom(type 2);influx at the both head and bottom(type 3);and efflux at the both head and bottom(type 4).However,only type 1 and type 3 of Ca2+ ion transport were detected in the cochlea.We propose that Ca2+ ion transport exists in adult guinea pig cochlear OHCs in resting state and is variable.Ca2 + flow in OHC can be inhibited by Nimodipine in resting state.

Comparison of mechanical properties in welded joint for CO_2 arc welding by using the micro－shear test and impact test

A micro shear testing method which can suit to measure the mechanical properties of heterogeneous materials is introduced, and the properties in each zone of welded joint for CO2 arc welding can be evaluated by using this method in this paper. Moreover, these results are compared with those results of Charpy V-notch impact test and their correlation is discussed.

Elastic modulus of claystone evaluated by nano-/micro-indentation tests and meso-compression tests

Toarcian claystone such as that of the Callovo-Oxfordian is a qualified multiphase material. The claystone samples tested in this study are composed of four main mineral phases: silicates(clay minerals, quartz,feldspars, micas)(z86%), sulphides(pyrite)(z3%), carbonates(calcite, dolomite)(z10%) and organic kerogen(z1%). Three sets of measurements of the modulus of deformability were compared as determined in(i) nanoindentation tests with a constant indentation depth of 2 mm,(ii) micro-indentation tests with a constant indentation depth of 20 mm, and(iii) meso-compression tests with a constant displacement of 200 mm. These three experimental methods have already been validated in earlier studies. The main objective of this study is to demonstrate the influence of the scaling effect on the modulus of deformability of the material. Different frequency distributions of the modulus of deformability were obtained at the different sample scales:(i) in nano-indentation tests, the distribution was spread between 15 GPa and 90 GPa and contained one peak at34 GPa and another at 51 GPa;(ii) in the micro-indentation tests, the distribution was spread between 25 GPa and 60 GPa and displayed peaks at 26 GPa and 37 GPa; and(iii) in the meso-compression tests, a narrow frequency distribution was obtained, ranging from 25 GPa to 50 GPa and with a maximum at around 35 GPa.

Vibration test of micro machined gyroscope based on high speed photography and SURF

Based on three kinds of dynamic test of MEMS, a dynamic system for the vibration test of micro machined gyroscope based on high speed photography is introduced. Firstly, the architecture of the system hardware is introduced. Secondly, the image tracking performance is compared by the test using the template matching algorithm, the mean shift algorithm and the SURF algorithm. The vibration curve shows that high speed photograph combined with SURF algorithm is faster, more ac- curate, and more suitable for the vibration test of micro machined gyroscope. After the frequency a- nalysis and related interpolation, more characteristics of micro gyroscope can be obtained.

Micro-Doppler effect testing technique for attitude of projectile in space flight

To measure projectile attitude in space flight, based on continuous wave （CW） radar, a new micro-Doppler effect testing technique is developed in this paper. It also establishes radar testing model for attitude of flying projectile and resolve micro-Doppler effect of projectile motion attitude. By distinguishing and geting attitude parameters such as micro-motion period, this technique can in- tuitively estimate the flight stability of projectile, and the validity of this technique is proved accord- ing to flight tests.

China,America Have Coo[erated in Micro Biological Production Test

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Salt spray corrosion test of micro-plasma oxidation ceramic coatings on Ti alloy

Ceramic coatings were prepared on Ti-6Al-4V alloy in NaAlO2 solution by micro-plasma oxidation （MPO）. The salt spray tests of the coated samples and the substrates were carded out in a salt spray test machine. The phase composition and surface morphology of the coatings were investigated by XRD and SEAM. Severe corrosion occurred on the substrate surface, while there were no obvious corrosion phenomena on the coated samples. The coatings were composed of Al2TiO5 and a little α-Al2O3 and mille TiO2, and the salt spray test did not change the composition of the coatings. The weight loss rate of the coatings decreased with increasing MPO time because of the increase in density and thickness of the coatings. The surface morphology of the coatings was influenced by salt spray corrosion test. Among the coated samples, the coating prepared for 2 h has the best corrosion resistance under salt spray test.

工业固废-水泥固化腐殖土的力学响应和微观机制

为了推动腐殖土在岩土工程领域的资源化利用,采用工业固废(包括生物质飞灰、电石渣和磷石膏)协同水泥对腐殖土进行固化处理。以中国广东省某陈旧型简易垃圾填埋场开采的腐殖土为研究对象,通过常规三轴试验、干湿和冻融循环试验、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)和压汞(MIP)测试探究了工业固废-水泥固化腐殖土的三维力学特性、耐久性能及微观机制。试验结果表明:随着P_(o-b)(即工业固废替代水泥的比率)的增加,试样偏应力与轴向应变的关系逐渐由应变软化向应变硬化过渡。三元工业固废的适当掺入(P_(o-b)为25%~50%)有利于减缓干湿循环作用下工业固废-水泥固化腐殖土试样的劣化速率,而纯水泥固化腐殖土试样表现出相对优异的极限偏应力和抗冻性。微观结构分析表明大量钙矾石晶体和C―(A)―S―H凝胶等产物增强了腐殖土颗粒之间的黏结,同时填充了微观孔隙。研究结果可为垃圾填埋场开采的腐殖土修复及再利用提供理论依据。

Experimental Tests on a Pre-Heated Combustion Chamber for Ultra Micro Gas Turbine Device: Air/Fuel Ratio Evaluation

Current portable power generators are mainly based on internal combustion engine since they present higher values of efficiency comparing to other engines;the main reason why internal combustion engine is not convenient for micro power generation (5 - 30 kW) is because of their heaviness. Micro and ultra micro gas turbine devices, based on a micro compressor and a micro turbine installed on the same shaft, are more suitable for this scope for several reasons. Micro turbine systems have many advantages over reciprocating engine generators, such as higher power density (with respect to size and weight), extremely low emissions and few, or just one, moving part. Those designed with foil bearings and air-cooling operate without oil, coolants or other hazardous materials. Micro turbines also have the advantage of having the majority of their waste heat contained in their relatively high temperature exhaust. Micro turbines offer several potential advantages compared to other technologies for small-scale power generation, including: a small number of moving parts, compact size, lightweight, greater efficiency, lower emissions, lower electricity costs, and opportunities to utilize waste fuels. The object of this study is the experimental tests on a stand-alone gas turbine device with a pre-heated combustion chamber (CC), to validate the fuel consumption reduction, compared to an actual and commercial device, used on air models.

水软化作用下页岩微观结构和力学性质演化特性

在雨水或者地下水的浸泡下,页岩力学性质会大幅度降低,容易导致泥石流、隧洞塌陷、滑坡等灾害。以页岩为研究对象,通过微观岩石力学试验研究了水软化作用下页岩的微观结构和力学特性演变规律。研究结果表明:在浸水10 d后,页岩表面粗糙度平均值和最大值分别增至259.1 nm和561.9 nm。页岩主要由石英、绿泥石、伊利石和钠长石组成,其中绿泥石为层状硅酸盐。在水软化作用下绿泥石发生崩解并且释放晶层间膨胀力,导致页岩样品粗糙度增加。随着浸水时间的增加,高、中、低3类强度矿物的弹性模量逐渐减小;低强度矿物的黏聚力呈现下降趋势,从16.7 MPa降低到6.0 MPa,而内摩擦角随浸泡时间轻微波动,其平均值为42.5°。

G.654.E微型光缆在骨干光缆网中的应用研究

G.654.E微型光缆作为一种全新的光缆类型,尚未在国内各大运营商干线光缆网中规模应用。为了验证G.654.E微型光缆的可用性,中国联通组织了相关厂商制作样品并进行测试。深入分析了测试数据,从结构尺寸、PMD参数、机械性能、温度循环特性等7个方面论证了G.654.E微型光缆的性能指标,为该型光缆在中国联通骨干光缆网中的应用提供试验基础,同时也为其他运营商的使用提供参考。

非常规储层微纳米孔隙介质中流体相态研究进展

非常规油气储层具有岩石骨架颗粒小、比表面积大、微纳米孔隙发育的特点,流体与孔隙介质间存在着诸多复杂的界面效应问题,影响微纳米孔隙介质中流体的相态变化规律。对于受限域流体,经典油气相态理论方法忽略分子间相互作用及界面效应的影响,预测微纳米孔隙介质中流体相变特征存在偏差。为了更全面地揭示油气在受限空间中的相态特征及其微观作用机理,总结当前微纳米孔隙介质中流体相态研究技术现状,详细阐述微观实验测试、相态理论模型和分子模拟3种主流技术方法,指出3种技术各自的优缺点,并对未来流体相态研究技术提出展望。分析认为:微观实验测试方法可通过研究流体热力学参数的变化来确定流体相变点,由于实验误差、人为误差等原因,需与理论计算相结合;相态理论模型方法可通过改进临界参数场、考虑流体与孔壁界面作用、考虑相间毛管压力修正相平衡判据方程等方法建立纳米孔隙空间相态理论模型,但是由于没有综合考虑界面效应带来的影响且缺乏有力的实验数据支撑,难以推广应用;分子模拟方法能在分子尺度上揭示流体分子的相行为,但现有研究主要围绕小分子展开,并且与流体发生相变时的临界参数结合得较少。后续研究应以多界面效应耦合影响的微纳米孔隙介质中油气流体相变特征为研究对象,以微观实验、理论模型和分子模拟为技术手段,为描述微纳米孔隙介质中流体相态提供合理的实验测试手段和可靠的理论计算模型。

FZG齿轮试验机方法在齿轮油上的应用研究

齿轮箱设备所用齿轮油最为关键的性能是承载性能。常规理化测试不足以全面评价齿轮油的承载性能,因此国内外研究机构结合机械设备开发了许多评价齿轮油承载性能的试验方法。研究表明:简单的台架测试方法一般与设备实际工况相关性差,在齿轮试验台上使用指定几何结构的齿轮可以更好地表征齿轮润滑剂的承载性能。文章主要阐述了润滑剂对齿轮不同失效模式的影响,以及如何用适当的测试方法量化,并准确表征润滑剂的承载性能。

安全帽送风强度对人体呼吸微环境影响研究

为改善作业人员呼吸微环境,对送风式安全帽佩戴者呼吸微环境温度场、速度场和浓度场进行研究。通过假人试验方法测试安全帽在不同送风强度下的人体呼吸微环境温度、速度和粉尘质量浓度,研究人体呼吸微环境温度分布及速度分布规律,阐明安全帽送风强度对人体呼吸微环境中总尘及呼尘降尘效果的影响,进而分析佩戴者对安全帽送风强度的满意程度。结果显示,人体面中部位降温效果优于人体脸颊两侧,其中人体鼻子处降温效果较为明显;安全帽在不同送风强度下对人体呼吸微环境速度场的分布规律一致;当送风强度为Ⅳ级时,人体呼吸微环境内粉尘降尘效率最高,佩戴者满意率最高;人体微环境总尘和呼尘降尘效率分别可达到81.39%和82.89%。研究结果可为改善人体呼吸微环境提供参考。

造纸技术中一种小型电机的启动测试

电机受研发和生产等各种因素影响,其性能参数与指标会发生变化。造纸技术中小型电机的启动测试是非常重要的一步。启动测试能在电机运行的初始阶段将电机的各种性能参数进行检测,避免在电气设备运行过程产生安全问题。基于此,介绍电机测试技术及发展趋势,以微型直流电机为研究对象,重点介绍小型电机的启动测试。该测试系统包括硬件设计、软件设计、仿真模拟及调试分析,采用PLC-1200控制器实现的小型电机的启动测试系统全过程自动化有助于提高生产效率并减少安全隐患。

竞争ELISA和间接ELISA方法应用于牛布鲁氏菌病净化的研究

旨在评价竞争ELISA方法和间接ELISA方法联合使用在布鲁氏菌病(以下简称“布病”)净化中的效果,为布病防控提供技术支撑。采用本实验室开发的动物布鲁氏菌病竞争ELSIA(cELISA)抗体检测试剂盒、牛布鲁氏菌病间接ELISA(iELISA)抗体检测试剂盒及微量法补体结合试验(mCFT),对西北某牛场3 271份牛血清进行检测。本研究采用cELISA初筛、iELISA确诊的净化策略,对检测阳性牛进行淘汰,可疑牛和阴性牛在完全消毒后隔离饲养,并在前一次检测后每隔1个月重新对群体采样,进行多次连续的“检—淘”策略,在群体的个体阳性率低于2%或全部转阴后使用微量补体结合试验(mCFT)进行验证。并在群体全部转阴后继续检测2个月后确定净化结果。结果显示,首次检测阳性率35.36%的感染群体实施本净化策略后,在第1个月阳性率下降至25.41%,第2个月下降至7.16%,第3个月下降为1.86%,到第4个月则实现了布病阳性群体的全面转阴,mCFT验证个体阴性率100%。此后持续检测2个月,个体阳性率均为0,至此实现了感染群体的布病净化,使得群体内近一半的牛免于扑杀,大大减少了经济损失。综上发现,将cELISA用于布病初筛,iELISA用于布病确诊的联合使用,经多次连续检测并结合常规的隔离消毒措施,可以在短时间内实现对于布病感染群体的全面净化。

微型木桩的群桩效应研究

木材广泛存在于我国村镇中,其取材加工方便,价格低廉,用作村镇住宅的基础结构,可有效减少村镇住宅的能源消耗,符合绿色建筑理念。本文以微型木桩为研究对象,通过离心机模型试验和有限元数值分析,研究了微型木桩在砂土和粉质黏土土层条件下的群桩承载力和群桩效应系数。结果表明,微型木桩的群桩效应系数η在砂土中大于1,在黏土中小于1,受桩土刚度比的影响较小;桩径减小改变了群桩最优桩间距,砂土中微型木桩η随着桩的距径比Sa/D的增大逐渐增大,在Sa/D=6时出现峰值,常规桩在Sa/D=3时达到最大,微型木桩最优桩间距大于常规桩;黏土中,微型木桩η峰值对应的Sa/D=4小于常规桩η峰值对应的Sa/D=6,微型木桩最优桩间距小于常规桩;微型木桩群桩效应系数随内摩擦角和不排水抗剪强度的增大而减小,随距径比的增大先增加后减小,随桩数的增加而增大。

高碳铬铁渣微表处混合料路用性能研究

针对道路养护工程优质石料资源匮乏,高碳铬铁渣大多采用堆存处理且利用率低等问题,将高碳铬铁渣分别以0%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%的掺量替换常规微表处混合料,通过湿轮磨耗试验、车辙试验、黏聚力试验和构造深度试验研究不同高碳铬铁渣掺量下的微表处混合料的路用性能。试验结果表明:高碳铬铁渣掺量为20%时,混合料的耐磨耗性能和水稳定性与常规微表处混合料相近,抗车辙性能略有下降,早期强度和抗滑性能均优于常规微表处混合料。