The lightness and high strength-to-weight ratio of the magnesium alloy have attracted more interest in various applications.However,micro/nanostructure generation on their surfaces remains a challenge due to the flamm...The lightness and high strength-to-weight ratio of the magnesium alloy have attracted more interest in various applications.However,micro/nanostructure generation on their surfaces remains a challenge due to the flammability and ignition.Motivated by this,this study proposed a machining process,named the ultraprecision diamond surface texturing process,to machine the micro/nanostructures on magnesium alloy surfaces.Experimental results showed the various microstructures and sawtooth-shaped nanostructures were successfully generated on the AZ31B magnesium alloy surfaces,demonstrating the effectiveness of this proposed machining process.Furthermore,sawtooth-shaped nanostructures had the function of inducing the optical effect and generating different colors on workpiece surfaces.The colorful letter and colorful flower image were clearly viewed on magnesium alloy surfaces.The corresponding cutting force,chip morphology,and tool wear were systematically investigated to understand the machining mechanism of micro/nanostructures on magnesium alloy surfaces.The proposed machining process can further improve the performances of the magnesium alloy and extend its functions to other fields,such as optics.展开更多
A strong interface coupling is of vital importance to develop metal oxide/carbon nanocomposite anodes for next-generation lithium ion batteries.Herein,a rational N-doped carb on riveting strategy is designed to boost ...A strong interface coupling is of vital importance to develop metal oxide/carbon nanocomposite anodes for next-generation lithium ion batteries.Herein,a rational N-doped carb on riveting strategy is designed to boost the lithium storage performance of Fe3O4/N-doped carbon tubular structures.Poly pyrrole(PPy)has been used as the precursor for N-doped carbon.N-doped carbon-riveted Fe3O4/N-doped carbon(N-C@Fe3O4@N-C)nanocomposites were obtained by pyrolysis of PPy-coated FeOOH@PPy nanotubes in Ar atmosphere.When tested as an anode for LIBs,the N-C@Fe3O4@N-C displays a high reversible discharge capacity of 675.8 mA h g-1 after 100 cycles at a current density of 100 mA g-1 and very good rate capability(470 mA h g_1 at 2 A g-1),which significantly surpasses the performance of Fe3O4@N-C.TEM analysis reveals that after battery cycling the FeOx particles detached from the carbon fibers for Fe3O4@N-C,while for N-C@Fe3O4@N-C the FeOx particles were still trapped in the carbon matrix,thus preserving good electrical contact.Consequently,the superior performance of N-C@Fe3C)4@N-C is attributed to the synergistic effect between Fe3O4 and N-doped carbon combined with the unique structure properties of the nanocomposites.The strategy reported in this work is expected to be applicable for designing other electrode materials for LIBs.展开更多
PANI copolymer micro/nanostructures with different surface wettability were obtained from the chemical oxidation copolymerization of aniline(Ani)with 2-ethyl aniline(EA)at diverse[EA]/[Ani+EA]molar ratios,by employing...PANI copolymer micro/nanostructures with different surface wettability were obtained from the chemical oxidation copolymerization of aniline(Ani)with 2-ethyl aniline(EA)at diverse[EA]/[Ani+EA]molar ratios,by employing ammonium persulfate as an oxidant.The results revealed that the poly(aniline-co-2-ethyl aniline)(PANI-EA)copolymer micro/nanostructures exhibited satisfactory anticorrosion performance for carbon steel,and the corrosion protection efficiency increased with the increase of water repellent property.Poly(2-ethyl aniline)(PEA)showed the largest contact angle(CA=145°)and show the best corrosion protection for the carbon steel(h=87.29%).It is found that the superior anticorrosion property of PEA is attributed to its high hydrophobicity,low conductivity and low porosity.展开更多
Micro/nanostructured components play an important role in micro-optics and optical engineering,tribology and surface engineering,and biological and biomedical engineering,among other fields.Precision glass molding tec...Micro/nanostructured components play an important role in micro-optics and optical engineering,tribology and surface engineering,and biological and biomedical engineering,among other fields.Precision glass molding technology is the most efficient method of manufacturing micro/nanostructured glass components,the premise of which is meld manufacturing with complementary micro/nanostructures.Numerous mold manufacturing methods have been developed to fabricate extremely small and high-quality micro/nanostructures to satisfy the demands of functional micro/nanostructured glass components for various applications.Moreover,the service performance of the mold should also be carefully considered.This paper reviews a variety of technologies for manufacturing micro/nanostructured molds.The authors begin with an introduction of the extreme requirements of mold materials.The following section provides a detailed survey of the existing micro/nanostructured mold manufacturing techniques and their corresponding mold materials,including nonmechanical and mechanical methods.This paper concludes with a detailed discussion of the authors recent research on nickel-phosphorus(Ni-P)mold manufacturing and its service performance.展开更多
A simple hydrothermal route has been developed for the fabricating Zn O hierarchical micro/nanostructure with excellent reproducibility. SEM and TEM analysis show that the hierarchical rod is a single-crystal, suggest...A simple hydrothermal route has been developed for the fabricating Zn O hierarchical micro/nanostructure with excellent reproducibility. SEM and TEM analysis show that the hierarchical rod is a single-crystal, suggesting that many single-crystal micro/nanorods are assembled into Zn O hierarchical micro/nanostructures. The morphologies of the hierarchical rods can be conveniently tailored by changing the reaction parameters. And we also found citric acid plays a crucial role in the formation process of Zn O micro/nanostructures. Room-temperature photoluminescence spectra reveals that the Zn O hierarchical micro/nanostructures have a strong emission peak at 440 nm and several weak emission peaks at 420, 471 and541 nm, respectively.展开更多
This paper presents a probe-based force-controlled nanoindentation method to fabricate ordered micro/nanostructures.Both the experimental and finite element simulation approaches are employed to investigate the influe...This paper presents a probe-based force-controlled nanoindentation method to fabricate ordered micro/nanostructures.Both the experimental and finite element simulation approaches are employed to investigate the influence of the interval between the adjacent indentations and the rotation angle of the probe on the formed micro/nanostructures.The non-contacting part between indenter and the sample material and the height of the material pile-up are two competing factors to determine the depth relationship between the adjacent indentations.For the one array indentations,nanostructures with good depth consistency and periodicity can be formed after the depth of the indentation becoming stable,and the variation of the rotation angle results in the large difference between the morphology of the formed nanostructures at the bottom of the one array indentation.In addition,for the indentation arrays,the nanostructures with good consistency and periodicity of the shape and depth can be generated with the spacing greater than 1μm.Finally,Raman tests are also carried out based on the obtained ordered micro/nanostructures with Rhodamine probe molecule.The indentation arrays with a smaller spacing lead to better the enhancement effect of the substrate,which has the potential applications in the fields of biological or chemical molecular detection.展开更多
SiGe spheres with different diameters are successfully fabricated on a virtual SiGe template using a laser irradiation method.The results from scanning electron microscopy and micro-Raman spectroscopy reveal that the ...SiGe spheres with different diameters are successfully fabricated on a virtual SiGe template using a laser irradiation method.The results from scanning electron microscopy and micro-Raman spectroscopy reveal that the diameter and Ge composition of the SiGe spheres can be well controlled by adjusting the laser energy density.In addition,the transmission electron microscopy results show that Ge composition inside the SiGe spheres is almost uniform in a well-defined,nearly spherical outline.As a convenient method to prepare sphere-shaped SiGe micro/nanostructures with tunable Ge composition and size,this technique is expected to be useful for SiGe-based material growth and micro/optoelectronic device fabrication.展开更多
Microwave irradiation is considered an important approach to Green Chemistry, because of its ability to rapidly increase the internal temperature of polar-organic compounds that lead to synthesis times of minutes rath...Microwave irradiation is considered an important approach to Green Chemistry, because of its ability to rapidly increase the internal temperature of polar-organic compounds that lead to synthesis times of minutes rather than hours when compared to conventional thermal heating. This works describes a dual allometry test for the discrimination between the solvents and reagents used in the microwave-assisted synthesis of transition metal (zinc oxide, palladium silver, platinum, and gold) nanostructures. The test is performed in log-log process energy phase-space projection, where the synthesis data (kJ against kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>) has a power-law signature. The test is shown to discriminate between recommended Green Chemistry, problematic Green Chemistry, and Green Chemistry hazardous solvents. Typically, recommended Green chemistry exhibits a broad y-axes distribution within an upper exponent = 1 and lower exponent = 0.5. Problematic Green Chemistry exhibits a y-axes narrower distribution with an upper exponent = 0.94 and lower exponent = 0.64. Non-Green Chemistry hazardous data exhibits a further narrowing of the y-axes distribution within upper exponent = 0.87 and lower exponent = 0.66. In all three cases, the y-axes is aligned to original database power-law signature. It is also shown that in the x-axes direction (process energy budget) the grouped order of magnitude decreases from four orders for recommended Green Chemistry solvent and reagent data, through two orders for non-Green Chemistry hazardous material and down to one order for problematic Green Chemistry.展开更多
In this study,hierarchical Ag/La2 O2 CO3 micro/nanostructures(MNSs)were synthesized by in situ loading Ag nanoparticles(NPs)on the surface of the La2 O2 CO3 MNSs.The prepared La2 O2 CO3 MNSs present flower-like shape ...In this study,hierarchical Ag/La2 O2 CO3 micro/nanostructures(MNSs)were synthesized by in situ loading Ag nanoparticles(NPs)on the surface of the La2 O2 CO3 MNSs.The prepared La2 O2 CO3 MNSs present flower-like shape and can be tuned by the molar ratio of La(NO3)3 and CO(NH2)2.In the molar ratio of 1:2 to 1:55,the La2 O2 CO3 MNSs mainly consist of polyhedral rods,irregular rods and irregular spindles and their size is about 10,8 and 7μm,respectively.After loading Ag NPs,the spindle-like Ag/La2 O2 CO3 MNSs were used for phosphate removal and antibacterial activity.At the initial phosphate concentration of20 mg/L,the removal rate is 59.6%.The Ag/La2 O2 CO3 MNSs have significant antibacterial activity and their MIC values for S.aureus and E.coli are 31.3 and 15.6μg/mL,respectively.The results indicate that Ag/La2 O2 CO3 MNSs may have good application prospects in open water to inhibit bacterial growth.展开更多
Organic single crystals hold great promise for the development of organic semiconductor materials,because they could reveal the intrinsic electronic properties of these materials,providing high-performance electronic ...Organic single crystals hold great promise for the development of organic semiconductor materials,because they could reveal the intrinsic electronic properties of these materials,providing high-performance electronic devices and probing the structureproperty relationships.This article reviews the preparation methods for organic single crystals or crystalline micro/nanostructures,including vapor phase growth methods and solution-processed methods,and summarizes a few methods employed in the fabrication of field-effect transistors along with dozens of examples concerning both small molecules and polymers with high field-effect performance.展开更多
The peony-like CuO micro/nanostructures were fabricated by a facile hydrothermal approach. The peony- like CuO micro/nanostructures about 3 -5μm in diameter were assembled by CuO nanoplates. These CuO nanoplates, as ...The peony-like CuO micro/nanostructures were fabricated by a facile hydrothermal approach. The peony- like CuO micro/nanostructures about 3 -5μm in diameter were assembled by CuO nanoplates. These CuO nanoplates, as the building block, were self-assembled into multilayer structures under the action of ethidene diamine, and then grew into uniform peony-like CuO architecture. The novel peony-like CuO micro/nanostructures exhibit a high cycling stability and improved rate capability. The peony-like CuO microJnanostructures electrodes show a high reversible capacity of 456 mAhJg after 200 cycles, much higher than that of the commercial CuO nanocrystals at a current 0.1 C. The excellent electrochemical performance of peony-like CuO micro/nanostructures might be ascribed to the unique assembly structure, which not only provide large electrode/electrolyte contact area to accelerate the lithiation reaction, but also the interval between the multilayer structures of CuO nanoplates electrode could provide enough interior space to accommodate the volume change during Li insertion and de-insertion process,展开更多
Four electrochemical methods, cyclic voltammetric deposition, potentiostatic electrodeposition, multi-potential step electrodeposition and three-step electrodeposition, were used to fabricate Au micro/nanostructures o...Four electrochemical methods, cyclic voltammetric deposition, potentiostatic electrodeposition, multi-potential step electrodeposition and three-step electrodeposition, were used to fabricate Au micro/nanostructures on self-doped polyaniline nanofibers-coated glassy carbon electrodes (Au/nanoSPAN/GCEs). The Au micro/nanostructures deposited on the nanoSPAN-modified electrodes were shown by scanning electron microscopy to exhibit different morphologies, such as Au nanoparticle clusters, monodisperse nanoparticles and homogeneously dispersed flower-like microparticles, depending on the deposition method. This phenomenon demonstrates that control over the morphology of Au metal can be easily achieved by adjusting the electrodeposition method. The electrochemical behaviors of the Au/nanoSPAN/GCEs also varied with above four methods, which were characterized by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. In comparison with Au nanoparticle clusters and monodisperse Au nanoparticles, homogeneously dispersed flower-like Au microparticles had the largest surface area and obviously enhanced electrochemical response towards the redox reactions of [Fe(CN)6]3–/4– on the modified electrode. DNA immobilization on the Au/nanoSPAN/GCEs was investigated by differential pulse voltammetry using [Fe(CN)6]3–/4– as an indicator. The efficiency of DNA immobilization was inherently related to their different Au micro/nanostructure morphologies. The Au/nano-SPAN/GCE fabricated by three-step electrodeposition showed the largest capacity for immobilization of single stranded DNA, which makes it a promising DNA biosensor.展开更多
Versatile liquid manipulating surfaces combining patternable and controllable wettability have recently motivated considerable attention owing to their significant advantages in droplet-solid impacting behaviors,micro...Versatile liquid manipulating surfaces combining patternable and controllable wettability have recently motivated considerable attention owing to their significant advantages in droplet-solid impacting behaviors,microdroplet self-removal,and liquid–liquid interface reaction applications.However,developing a facile and efficient method to fabricate these versatile surfaces remains an enormous challenge.In this paper,a strategy for the fabrication of liquid manipulating surfaces with patternable and controllable wettability on Polyimide(PI)film based on femtosecond laser thermal accumulation engineering is proposed.Because of its controllable micro-/nanostructures and chemical composition through adjusting the local thermal accumulation,the wettability of PI film can be tuned from superhydrophilicity(~3.6°)to superhydrophobicity(~151.6°).Furthermore,three diverse surfaces with patternable and heterogeneous wettability were constructed and various applications were successfully realized,including water transport,droplet arrays,and liquid wells.This work may provide a facile strategy for achieving patternable and controllable wettability efficiently and developing multifunctional liquid steering surfaces.展开更多
The development of new heterostructures with high photoactivity is a breakthrough for the limitation of solar-driven water splitting.Here,we first introduce indium oxide(In_(2)O_(3))nanorods(NRs)as a novel electron tr...The development of new heterostructures with high photoactivity is a breakthrough for the limitation of solar-driven water splitting.Here,we first introduce indium oxide(In_(2)O_(3))nanorods(NRs)as a novel electron transport layer for bismuth vanadate(BiVO_(4))with a short charge diffusion length.In_(2)O_(3)NRs reinforce the electron transport and hole blocking of BiVO_(4),surpassing the state-of-the-art photoelectrochemical performances of BiVO_(4)-based photoanodes.Also,a tannin-nickel-iron complex(TANF)is used as an oxygen evolution catalyst to speed up the reaction kinetics.The final TANF/BiVO_(4)/In_(2)O_(3)NR photoanode generates photocurrent densities of 7.1 mAcm^(−2) in sulfite oxidation and 4.2 mA cm^(−2) in water oxidation at 1.23 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode.Furthermore,the“artificial leaf,”which is a tandem cell with a perovskite/silicon solar cell,shows a solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency of 6.2%for unbiased solar water splitting.We reveal significant advances in the photoactivity of TANF/BiVO_(4)/In_(2)O_(3)NRs from the tailored nanostructure and band structure for charge dynamics.展开更多
Natural biomaterials are now frequently used to build biocarrier systems,which can carry medications and biomolecules to a target region and achieve a desired therapeutic effect.Biomaterials and polymers are of great ...Natural biomaterials are now frequently used to build biocarrier systems,which can carry medications and biomolecules to a target region and achieve a desired therapeutic effect.Biomaterials and polymers are of great importance in the synthesis of nanomaterials.The recent studies have tended to use these materials because they are easily obtained from natural sources such as fungi,algae,bacteria,and medicinal plants.They are also biodegradable,compatible with neighborhoods,and non-toxic.Natural biomaterials and polymers are chemically changed when they are linked by cross linking agents with other polymers to create scaffolds,matrices,composites,and interpenetrating polymer networks employing microtechnology and nanotechnology.This review highlights how microengineered and nanoengineered biomaterials are utilized to produce efficient drug-delivery systems and biomedical and biological therapies and how innovative sources of biomaterials have been identified.展开更多
Electrically conductive elastomer composites(CECs)with segregated networks of conductive nanofillers show high potential in stretchable strain sensors due to balanced mechanical and electrical properties,yet the sensi...Electrically conductive elastomer composites(CECs)with segregated networks of conductive nanofillers show high potential in stretchable strain sensors due to balanced mechanical and electrical properties,yet the sensitivity at low strain is generally insufficient for practical application.Herein,we report an easy and effective way to improve the resistive response to low strain for CECs with segregated network structure via adding stiff alumina into carbon nanostructures(CNS).The CEC containing 0.7 wt%CNS and 5 wt%Al_(2)O_(3) almost sustains the same elasticity(elongation at break of~900%)and conductivity(0.8 S/m)as the control,while the piezoresistive sensitivity is significantly improved.Thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU)composites with a segregated network of hybrid nanofillers(CNS and Al_(2)O_(3))show much higher strain sensitivity(Gauge factor,GF-566)at low strain(45%strain)due to a local stress concentration effect,this sensitivity is superior to that of TPU/CNS composites(GF-11).Such a local stress concentration effect depends on alumina content and its distribution at the TPU particle interface.In addition,CECs with hybrid fillers show better reproducibility in cyclic piezoresistive behavior testing than the control.This work offers an easy method for fabricating CECs with a segregated filler network offering stretchable strain sensors with a high strain sensitivity.展开更多
Surface morphological features and nanostructures generated during SiC graphitization process can significantly affect fabrication of high-quality epitaxial graphene on semiconductor substrates.In this work,we investi...Surface morphological features and nanostructures generated during SiC graphitization process can significantly affect fabrication of high-quality epitaxial graphene on semiconductor substrates.In this work,we investigate the surface morphologies and atomic structures during graphitization process of 4H-SiC(0001) using scanning tunneling microscopy.Our high-magnified scanning-tunneling-microscope images exhibit the appearance and gradual developments of SiC(1 × 1)nanostructures after 1100℃ cleaning treatments,irregularly distributed among carbon nanocaps and(√3×√3) reconstruction domains.A model for the formation and growth progression of SiC(1 × 1) nanostructures has been proposed.When post-annealing temperature reaches 1300 ℃,the nanoholes and nanoislands can be observed on the surface,and multilayer graphene is often detected lying on the top surface of those nanoislands.These results provide profound insights into the complex evolution process of surface morphology during SiC thermal decomposition and will shed light on fabrication of SiC nanostructures and graphene nanoflakes.展开更多
Hydrogen production from electrolytic water is an important sustainable technology to realize renewable energy conversion and carbon neutrality.However,it is limited by the high overpotential of oxygen evolution react...Hydrogen production from electrolytic water is an important sustainable technology to realize renewable energy conversion and carbon neutrality.However,it is limited by the high overpotential of oxygen evolution reaction(OER)at the anode.To reduce the operating voltage of electrolyzer,herein thermodynamically favorable glycerol oxidation reaction(GOR)is proposed to replace the OER.Moreover,vertical Ni O flakes and NiMoNH nanopillars are developed to boost the reaction kinetics of anodic GOR and cathodic hydrogen evolution,respectively.Meanwhile,excluding the explosion risk of mixed H_2/O_(2),a cheap organic membrane is used to replace the expensive anion exchange membrane in the electrolyzer.Impressively,the electrolyzer delivers a remarkable reduction of operation voltage by 280 mV,and exhibits good long-term stability.This work provides a new paradigm of hydrogen production with low cost and good feasibility.展开更多
基金supported by the Special Actions for Developing High-performance Manufacturing of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology(Grant No.:TC200H02J)the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Ad-ministrative Region,China(Project No.:PolyU 152125/18E)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project No.:U19A20104)the Research Committee of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University(Project Code G-RK2V).
文摘The lightness and high strength-to-weight ratio of the magnesium alloy have attracted more interest in various applications.However,micro/nanostructure generation on their surfaces remains a challenge due to the flammability and ignition.Motivated by this,this study proposed a machining process,named the ultraprecision diamond surface texturing process,to machine the micro/nanostructures on magnesium alloy surfaces.Experimental results showed the various microstructures and sawtooth-shaped nanostructures were successfully generated on the AZ31B magnesium alloy surfaces,demonstrating the effectiveness of this proposed machining process.Furthermore,sawtooth-shaped nanostructures had the function of inducing the optical effect and generating different colors on workpiece surfaces.The colorful letter and colorful flower image were clearly viewed on magnesium alloy surfaces.The corresponding cutting force,chip morphology,and tool wear were systematically investigated to understand the machining mechanism of micro/nanostructures on magnesium alloy surfaces.The proposed machining process can further improve the performances of the magnesium alloy and extend its functions to other fields,such as optics.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21601098 and 51602167)Shandong Provincial Science Foundation (ZR2016EMB07 and ZR2017JL021)+1 种基金Key Research and Development Program (2018GGX102033)Qingdao Applied Fundamental Research Project (16-5-1-92-jch and 17-1-1-81-jch)
文摘A strong interface coupling is of vital importance to develop metal oxide/carbon nanocomposite anodes for next-generation lithium ion batteries.Herein,a rational N-doped carb on riveting strategy is designed to boost the lithium storage performance of Fe3O4/N-doped carbon tubular structures.Poly pyrrole(PPy)has been used as the precursor for N-doped carbon.N-doped carbon-riveted Fe3O4/N-doped carbon(N-C@Fe3O4@N-C)nanocomposites were obtained by pyrolysis of PPy-coated FeOOH@PPy nanotubes in Ar atmosphere.When tested as an anode for LIBs,the N-C@Fe3O4@N-C displays a high reversible discharge capacity of 675.8 mA h g-1 after 100 cycles at a current density of 100 mA g-1 and very good rate capability(470 mA h g_1 at 2 A g-1),which significantly surpasses the performance of Fe3O4@N-C.TEM analysis reveals that after battery cycling the FeOx particles detached from the carbon fibers for Fe3O4@N-C,while for N-C@Fe3O4@N-C the FeOx particles were still trapped in the carbon matrix,thus preserving good electrical contact.Consequently,the superior performance of N-C@Fe3C)4@N-C is attributed to the synergistic effect between Fe3O4 and N-doped carbon combined with the unique structure properties of the nanocomposites.The strategy reported in this work is expected to be applicable for designing other electrode materials for LIBs.
基金financial supports of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41476059)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (No. E2018108011)
文摘PANI copolymer micro/nanostructures with different surface wettability were obtained from the chemical oxidation copolymerization of aniline(Ani)with 2-ethyl aniline(EA)at diverse[EA]/[Ani+EA]molar ratios,by employing ammonium persulfate as an oxidant.The results revealed that the poly(aniline-co-2-ethyl aniline)(PANI-EA)copolymer micro/nanostructures exhibited satisfactory anticorrosion performance for carbon steel,and the corrosion protection efficiency increased with the increase of water repellent property.Poly(2-ethyl aniline)(PEA)showed the largest contact angle(CA=145°)and show the best corrosion protection for the carbon steel(h=87.29%).It is found that the superior anticorrosion property of PEA is attributed to its high hydrophobicity,low conductivity and low porosity.
基金This work was financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51775046&51875043&52005040)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2019M660480)+1 种基金the Beijing Municipal Natural Sci-ence Foundation(JQ20014)The authors would also like to acknowledge support from the Fok Ying-Tong Education Foundation for Young Teachers in the Higher Education Insti-tutions of China(No.151052).
文摘Micro/nanostructured components play an important role in micro-optics and optical engineering,tribology and surface engineering,and biological and biomedical engineering,among other fields.Precision glass molding technology is the most efficient method of manufacturing micro/nanostructured glass components,the premise of which is meld manufacturing with complementary micro/nanostructures.Numerous mold manufacturing methods have been developed to fabricate extremely small and high-quality micro/nanostructures to satisfy the demands of functional micro/nanostructured glass components for various applications.Moreover,the service performance of the mold should also be carefully considered.This paper reviews a variety of technologies for manufacturing micro/nanostructured molds.The authors begin with an introduction of the extreme requirements of mold materials.The following section provides a detailed survey of the existing micro/nanostructured mold manufacturing techniques and their corresponding mold materials,including nonmechanical and mechanical methods.This paper concludes with a detailed discussion of the authors recent research on nickel-phosphorus(Ni-P)mold manufacturing and its service performance.
基金supported by the Program for the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (No. 0952nm02500)
文摘A simple hydrothermal route has been developed for the fabricating Zn O hierarchical micro/nanostructure with excellent reproducibility. SEM and TEM analysis show that the hierarchical rod is a single-crystal, suggesting that many single-crystal micro/nanorods are assembled into Zn O hierarchical micro/nanostructures. The morphologies of the hierarchical rods can be conveniently tailored by changing the reaction parameters. And we also found citric acid plays a crucial role in the formation process of Zn O micro/nanostructures. Room-temperature photoluminescence spectra reveals that the Zn O hierarchical micro/nanostructures have a strong emission peak at 440 nm and several weak emission peaks at 420, 471 and541 nm, respectively.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52035004,51911530206,51905047)Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.YQ2020E015)+1 种基金Self-Planned Task of State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System(HIT)(Grant No.SKLRS202001C)Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by CAST(Grant No.YESS20200155).
文摘This paper presents a probe-based force-controlled nanoindentation method to fabricate ordered micro/nanostructures.Both the experimental and finite element simulation approaches are employed to investigate the influence of the interval between the adjacent indentations and the rotation angle of the probe on the formed micro/nanostructures.The non-contacting part between indenter and the sample material and the height of the material pile-up are two competing factors to determine the depth relationship between the adjacent indentations.For the one array indentations,nanostructures with good depth consistency and periodicity can be formed after the depth of the indentation becoming stable,and the variation of the rotation angle results in the large difference between the morphology of the formed nanostructures at the bottom of the one array indentation.In addition,for the indentation arrays,the nanostructures with good consistency and periodicity of the shape and depth can be generated with the spacing greater than 1μm.Finally,Raman tests are also carried out based on the obtained ordered micro/nanostructures with Rhodamine probe molecule.The indentation arrays with a smaller spacing lead to better the enhancement effect of the substrate,which has the potential applications in the fields of biological or chemical molecular detection.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62004218,61991441,and 61804176)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB01000000)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.2021005).
文摘SiGe spheres with different diameters are successfully fabricated on a virtual SiGe template using a laser irradiation method.The results from scanning electron microscopy and micro-Raman spectroscopy reveal that the diameter and Ge composition of the SiGe spheres can be well controlled by adjusting the laser energy density.In addition,the transmission electron microscopy results show that Ge composition inside the SiGe spheres is almost uniform in a well-defined,nearly spherical outline.As a convenient method to prepare sphere-shaped SiGe micro/nanostructures with tunable Ge composition and size,this technique is expected to be useful for SiGe-based material growth and micro/optoelectronic device fabrication.
文摘Microwave irradiation is considered an important approach to Green Chemistry, because of its ability to rapidly increase the internal temperature of polar-organic compounds that lead to synthesis times of minutes rather than hours when compared to conventional thermal heating. This works describes a dual allometry test for the discrimination between the solvents and reagents used in the microwave-assisted synthesis of transition metal (zinc oxide, palladium silver, platinum, and gold) nanostructures. The test is performed in log-log process energy phase-space projection, where the synthesis data (kJ against kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>) has a power-law signature. The test is shown to discriminate between recommended Green Chemistry, problematic Green Chemistry, and Green Chemistry hazardous solvents. Typically, recommended Green chemistry exhibits a broad y-axes distribution within an upper exponent = 1 and lower exponent = 0.5. Problematic Green Chemistry exhibits a y-axes narrower distribution with an upper exponent = 0.94 and lower exponent = 0.64. Non-Green Chemistry hazardous data exhibits a further narrowing of the y-axes distribution within upper exponent = 0.87 and lower exponent = 0.66. In all three cases, the y-axes is aligned to original database power-law signature. It is also shown that in the x-axes direction (process energy budget) the grouped order of magnitude decreases from four orders for recommended Green Chemistry solvent and reagent data, through two orders for non-Green Chemistry hazardous material and down to one order for problematic Green Chemistry.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21271062)。
文摘In this study,hierarchical Ag/La2 O2 CO3 micro/nanostructures(MNSs)were synthesized by in situ loading Ag nanoparticles(NPs)on the surface of the La2 O2 CO3 MNSs.The prepared La2 O2 CO3 MNSs present flower-like shape and can be tuned by the molar ratio of La(NO3)3 and CO(NH2)2.In the molar ratio of 1:2 to 1:55,the La2 O2 CO3 MNSs mainly consist of polyhedral rods,irregular rods and irregular spindles and their size is about 10,8 and 7μm,respectively.After loading Ag NPs,the spindle-like Ag/La2 O2 CO3 MNSs were used for phosphate removal and antibacterial activity.At the initial phosphate concentration of20 mg/L,the removal rate is 59.6%.The Ag/La2 O2 CO3 MNSs have significant antibacterial activity and their MIC values for S.aureus and E.coli are 31.3 and 15.6μg/mL,respectively.The results indicate that Ag/La2 O2 CO3 MNSs may have good application prospects in open water to inhibit bacterial growth.
基金support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60771031, 60736004, 20571079, 20721061 and 50725311)Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2006CB806200, 2006CB932100) and Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘Organic single crystals hold great promise for the development of organic semiconductor materials,because they could reveal the intrinsic electronic properties of these materials,providing high-performance electronic devices and probing the structureproperty relationships.This article reviews the preparation methods for organic single crystals or crystalline micro/nanostructures,including vapor phase growth methods and solution-processed methods,and summarizes a few methods employed in the fabrication of field-effect transistors along with dozens of examples concerning both small molecules and polymers with high field-effect performance.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFB0601100)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.FRFBD-16-008A)
文摘The peony-like CuO micro/nanostructures were fabricated by a facile hydrothermal approach. The peony- like CuO micro/nanostructures about 3 -5μm in diameter were assembled by CuO nanoplates. These CuO nanoplates, as the building block, were self-assembled into multilayer structures under the action of ethidene diamine, and then grew into uniform peony-like CuO architecture. The novel peony-like CuO micro/nanostructures exhibit a high cycling stability and improved rate capability. The peony-like CuO microJnanostructures electrodes show a high reversible capacity of 456 mAhJg after 200 cycles, much higher than that of the commercial CuO nanocrystals at a current 0.1 C. The excellent electrochemical performance of peony-like CuO micro/nanostructures might be ascribed to the unique assembly structure, which not only provide large electrode/electrolyte contact area to accelerate the lithiation reaction, but also the interval between the multilayer structures of CuO nanoplates electrode could provide enough interior space to accommodate the volume change during Li insertion and de-insertion process,
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20635020, 20805025 and 20975057)the Doctoral Foundation of the Ministry of Education of China (20060426001)the Foundation of Qingdao City (09-1-3-25-jch) and the Doctoral Fund of QUST (0022278)
文摘Four electrochemical methods, cyclic voltammetric deposition, potentiostatic electrodeposition, multi-potential step electrodeposition and three-step electrodeposition, were used to fabricate Au micro/nanostructures on self-doped polyaniline nanofibers-coated glassy carbon electrodes (Au/nanoSPAN/GCEs). The Au micro/nanostructures deposited on the nanoSPAN-modified electrodes were shown by scanning electron microscopy to exhibit different morphologies, such as Au nanoparticle clusters, monodisperse nanoparticles and homogeneously dispersed flower-like microparticles, depending on the deposition method. This phenomenon demonstrates that control over the morphology of Au metal can be easily achieved by adjusting the electrodeposition method. The electrochemical behaviors of the Au/nanoSPAN/GCEs also varied with above four methods, which were characterized by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. In comparison with Au nanoparticle clusters and monodisperse Au nanoparticles, homogeneously dispersed flower-like Au microparticles had the largest surface area and obviously enhanced electrochemical response towards the redox reactions of [Fe(CN)6]3–/4– on the modified electrode. DNA immobilization on the Au/nanoSPAN/GCEs was investigated by differential pulse voltammetry using [Fe(CN)6]3–/4– as an indicator. The efficiency of DNA immobilization was inherently related to their different Au micro/nanostructure morphologies. The Au/nano-SPAN/GCE fabricated by three-step electrodeposition showed the largest capacity for immobilization of single stranded DNA, which makes it a promising DNA biosensor.
基金This research is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52075557,51805553)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2021JJ20067)+1 种基金The Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(No.2021RC3011)Open access funding provided by Shanghai Jiao Tong University
文摘Versatile liquid manipulating surfaces combining patternable and controllable wettability have recently motivated considerable attention owing to their significant advantages in droplet-solid impacting behaviors,microdroplet self-removal,and liquid–liquid interface reaction applications.However,developing a facile and efficient method to fabricate these versatile surfaces remains an enormous challenge.In this paper,a strategy for the fabrication of liquid manipulating surfaces with patternable and controllable wettability on Polyimide(PI)film based on femtosecond laser thermal accumulation engineering is proposed.Because of its controllable micro-/nanostructures and chemical composition through adjusting the local thermal accumulation,the wettability of PI film can be tuned from superhydrophilicity(~3.6°)to superhydrophobicity(~151.6°).Furthermore,three diverse surfaces with patternable and heterogeneous wettability were constructed and various applications were successfully realized,including water transport,droplet arrays,and liquid wells.This work may provide a facile strategy for achieving patternable and controllable wettability efficiently and developing multifunctional liquid steering surfaces.
基金National Research Foundation of Korea,Grant/Award Numbers:2021M3H4A1A03057403,2021R1A6A3A03039988,2021R1A6A3A13046700,2021R1A2B5B03001851。
文摘The development of new heterostructures with high photoactivity is a breakthrough for the limitation of solar-driven water splitting.Here,we first introduce indium oxide(In_(2)O_(3))nanorods(NRs)as a novel electron transport layer for bismuth vanadate(BiVO_(4))with a short charge diffusion length.In_(2)O_(3)NRs reinforce the electron transport and hole blocking of BiVO_(4),surpassing the state-of-the-art photoelectrochemical performances of BiVO_(4)-based photoanodes.Also,a tannin-nickel-iron complex(TANF)is used as an oxygen evolution catalyst to speed up the reaction kinetics.The final TANF/BiVO_(4)/In_(2)O_(3)NR photoanode generates photocurrent densities of 7.1 mAcm^(−2) in sulfite oxidation and 4.2 mA cm^(−2) in water oxidation at 1.23 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode.Furthermore,the“artificial leaf,”which is a tandem cell with a perovskite/silicon solar cell,shows a solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency of 6.2%for unbiased solar water splitting.We reveal significant advances in the photoactivity of TANF/BiVO_(4)/In_(2)O_(3)NRs from the tailored nanostructure and band structure for charge dynamics.
文摘Natural biomaterials are now frequently used to build biocarrier systems,which can carry medications and biomolecules to a target region and achieve a desired therapeutic effect.Biomaterials and polymers are of great importance in the synthesis of nanomaterials.The recent studies have tended to use these materials because they are easily obtained from natural sources such as fungi,algae,bacteria,and medicinal plants.They are also biodegradable,compatible with neighborhoods,and non-toxic.Natural biomaterials and polymers are chemically changed when they are linked by cross linking agents with other polymers to create scaffolds,matrices,composites,and interpenetrating polymer networks employing microtechnology and nanotechnology.This review highlights how microengineered and nanoengineered biomaterials are utilized to produce efficient drug-delivery systems and biomedical and biological therapies and how innovative sources of biomaterials have been identified.
基金The authors greatly acknowledge the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51873126)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,as well as the funding from the Science&Technology Department(No.2021YFH0123)of Sichuan Province.
文摘Electrically conductive elastomer composites(CECs)with segregated networks of conductive nanofillers show high potential in stretchable strain sensors due to balanced mechanical and electrical properties,yet the sensitivity at low strain is generally insufficient for practical application.Herein,we report an easy and effective way to improve the resistive response to low strain for CECs with segregated network structure via adding stiff alumina into carbon nanostructures(CNS).The CEC containing 0.7 wt%CNS and 5 wt%Al_(2)O_(3) almost sustains the same elasticity(elongation at break of~900%)and conductivity(0.8 S/m)as the control,while the piezoresistive sensitivity is significantly improved.Thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU)composites with a segregated network of hybrid nanofillers(CNS and Al_(2)O_(3))show much higher strain sensitivity(Gauge factor,GF-566)at low strain(45%strain)due to a local stress concentration effect,this sensitivity is superior to that of TPU/CNS composites(GF-11).Such a local stress concentration effect depends on alumina content and its distribution at the TPU particle interface.In addition,CECs with hybrid fillers show better reproducibility in cyclic piezoresistive behavior testing than the control.This work offers an easy method for fabricating CECs with a segregated filler network offering stretchable strain sensors with a high strain sensitivity.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai Science and Technology Committee (Grant No. 18ZR1403300)。
文摘Surface morphological features and nanostructures generated during SiC graphitization process can significantly affect fabrication of high-quality epitaxial graphene on semiconductor substrates.In this work,we investigate the surface morphologies and atomic structures during graphitization process of 4H-SiC(0001) using scanning tunneling microscopy.Our high-magnified scanning-tunneling-microscope images exhibit the appearance and gradual developments of SiC(1 × 1)nanostructures after 1100℃ cleaning treatments,irregularly distributed among carbon nanocaps and(√3×√3) reconstruction domains.A model for the formation and growth progression of SiC(1 × 1) nanostructures has been proposed.When post-annealing temperature reaches 1300 ℃,the nanoholes and nanoislands can be observed on the surface,and multilayer graphene is often detected lying on the top surface of those nanoislands.These results provide profound insights into the complex evolution process of surface morphology during SiC thermal decomposition and will shed light on fabrication of SiC nanostructures and graphene nanoflakes.
基金the financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(92163117,52072389,52172058,51972006)。
文摘Hydrogen production from electrolytic water is an important sustainable technology to realize renewable energy conversion and carbon neutrality.However,it is limited by the high overpotential of oxygen evolution reaction(OER)at the anode.To reduce the operating voltage of electrolyzer,herein thermodynamically favorable glycerol oxidation reaction(GOR)is proposed to replace the OER.Moreover,vertical Ni O flakes and NiMoNH nanopillars are developed to boost the reaction kinetics of anodic GOR and cathodic hydrogen evolution,respectively.Meanwhile,excluding the explosion risk of mixed H_2/O_(2),a cheap organic membrane is used to replace the expensive anion exchange membrane in the electrolyzer.Impressively,the electrolyzer delivers a remarkable reduction of operation voltage by 280 mV,and exhibits good long-term stability.This work provides a new paradigm of hydrogen production with low cost and good feasibility.