Study on the clogging mechanism of punching screen in sand control by the punching structure parameters

As an independent sand control unit or a common protective shell of a high-quality screen,the punching screen is the outermost sand retaining unit of the sand control pipe which is used in geothermal well or oil and gas well.However,most screens only consider the influence of the internal sand retaining medium parameters in the sand control performance design while ignoring the influence of the plugging of the punching screen on the overall sand retaining performance of the screen.To explore the clogging mechanism of the punching screen,this paper established the clogging mechanism calculation model of a single punching screen sand control unit by using the computational fluid mechanics-discrete element method(CFD-DEM)combined method.According to the combined motion of particles and fluids,the influence of the internal flow state on particle motion and accumulation was analyzed.The results showed that(1)the clogging process of the punching sand control unit is divided into three stages:initial clogging,aggravation of clogging and stability of clogging.In the initial stage of blockage,coarse particles form a loose bridge structure,and blockage often occurs preferentially at the streamline gathering place below chamfering inside the sand control unit.In the stage of blockage intensification,the particle mass develops into a relatively complete sand bridge,which develops from both ends of the opening to the center of the opening.In the stable plugging stage,the sand deposits show a“fan shape”and form a“V-shaped”gully inside the punching slot element.(2)Under a certain reservoir particle-size distribution,The slit length and opening height have a large influence on the permeability and blockage rate,while the slit width size has little influence on the permeability and blockage rate.The microscopic clogging mechanism and its law of the punching screen prevention unit are proposed in this study,which has some field guidance significance for the design of punching screen and sand prevention selection.

Modeling of Micropores Drilling Force for Printed Circuit Board Micro-holes Based on Energy Method

The quality of printed circuit board(PCB)micro-hole processing directly determines the stability of the inner and outer circuit connections.Micro-hole drilling technology is a typical method for PCB micro-hole processing.The problem of optimal control of its drilling force is one of the main factors affecting the quality of micro-hole machining.To address this problem,the thrust forces and torques in PCB drilling were first modeled and analyzed,and the corresponding prediction models were established.The drilling force analysis was carried out through the micro-hole drilling experiment,the specific cutting energy under different feed rates was calculated,the influence of the size effect was clarified,and the accuracy of the prediction model was verified.The result shows that during the drilling of glass fiber cloth,changes in the material removal mechanism are induced as the feed per revolution is varied.When the feed per revolution is less than the tool edge radius,the glass fiber is not cut by the main cutting edge,but is crushed and broken.When the feed per revolution is greater than the radius of the tool edge,the glass fiber is cut by the main cutting edge.At the same time,the established analytical model can accurately reflect the influence of the size effect on the drilling torque in PCB micro-hole drilling,and the error is within 10%.This method has certain practical application value in controlling PCB micro hole processing quality.

Microstructure,mechanical,and corrosion properties of surface of CuNi alloy produced by punching and annealing treatment

The influence of annealing on the formation of nanocrystalline of CuNi alloy surface was investigated by evaluating the microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion behavior of asprocessed condition （using severe plastic deformation by punching process） and its annealed condition. It was observed that the microstructure changed after annealing of punched sample using an atomic force microscope. Mechanical resistance and corrosion resis tance were also characterized using nanoindentation test, electrochemical test, electron work function, and micro tribometer test. It was found that the punched and sub sequent annealed samples have increasing hardness, elastic behavior 07）, and corrosion resistance. Therefore, anneal ing can lead to the final formation of nanocrystalline and corresponding stability of grain boundary, which are responsible for the increasing mechanical properties and corrosion resistance.

UDP Hole Punching在视频会议系统中的应用

随着宽带网络技术的发展,基于IP网络的多点视频会议系统得到了广泛的应用。为了解决网络地址资源匮乏的问题,大量企业和部门的网络采用内部IP地址,通过NAT路由器与公共网络通信,但是NAT技术在某些情况下又给用户之间的通信造成了一些困难。深入研究了基于UDPHolePunching穿透NAT路由器进行通信的方法,在此基础上设计并实现了一套实用的多媒体多点视频会议系统。

Simulation-Based Construction of Three-Dimensional Process Model for Punching Cartridge Cases

A method of constructing three-dimensional process model for the punching cartridge cases is presented based on DEFORM simulation analysis. Using DEFORM software,the finite element simulation models for the punching and forming process of cartridge cases are established,and the corresponding simulation result model of each intermediate procedure is obtained by continuously performing the forming process simulation. The simulation model cannot annotate size and process information due to poor interface between DEFORM software and CAD software. Thus,a 3D annotation module is developed with secondary development technology of UG NX software. Consequently,the final process model with dimension and process information is obtained. Then,with the current 3D process management system,the 3D punching and forming process design of cartridge cases can be completed further. An example is also provided to illustrate that the relative error between the simulation process model and the physical model is less than 2%,which proves the validity and reliability of the proposed method in this study.

Fabrication of Through Micro-hole Arrays in Silicon Using Femtosecond Laser Irradiation and Selective Chemical Etching

We demonstrate a method of fabricating through micro-holes and micro-hole arrays in silicon using femtosecond laser irradiation and selective chemical etching. The micro-hole formation mechanism is identified as the chemical reaction of the femtosecond laser-induced structure change zone and hydrofluoric acid solution. The morphologies of the through micro-holes and micro-hole arrays are characterized by using scanning electronic microscopy, The effects of the pulse number on the depth and diameter of the holes are investigated. Honeycomb arrays of through micro-holes fabricated at different laser powers and pulse numbers are demonstrated.

Design of Automatic Feeding-and-Unloading Rotary Manipulator of Punching Machine

In recent years, punching technology of our country is developing fast. The proportion of hand feeding punching processing has gradually been replaced by automatic feeding and unloading mechanism, due to the low efficiency, poor security. In this paper, we design an automatic feeding and unloading system of the punching sheets of motor. The rotary manipulator consists of the transmission device, the mechanical arm device, the material suction device, the raw material automatic lifting device and so on. Adopting the rodless cylinder as the main actuator, the system realizes these beat movements of continuous lifting up, centering, conveying, unloading. According to the working principle and mechanical structure of the components in the system, the function and application of each component in the whole feeding-and-unloading system are analyzed in this paper.

Research of the Plastic Status Parameter and Instantaneous Clearance of a Punching Without Urr

The article mainly talks about the characteristic of common and fine punching and the quality of shearing edge. Although the common punching has been widely applied, the quality of shearing edge is very poor. The fine punching work-piece is better in quality. But it isn’t still been widely applied, because the structure of die is complicated and the manufacture of die and using pressure machine are expensive. A new fine punching processing without burr is put forward by discussing the plastic status and press stress status of the material which influence the quality of the punching work-piece in the deformation zone, it provides the plastic status of material to determine the parameter in the new processing and presents the maximum value of plastic deformation specific energy when the material reaches the plastic status. The author has analyzed the initializing clearance and instantaneous clearance of the ordinary punching. The instantaneous clearance of the ordinary punching process is instable. By studying the author brings forward a kind of punching process which initializing clearance and instantaneous clearance are stable, that is the negative clearance fine punching process. Because of using the negative clearance fine punching process, the material of sheared distorting section comes into the plastic state. The surface quality of the punching sheared edge is advanced 1.5 times than that of the ordinary punching. The recommended value of depth of the negative clearance punching has been given in this article.

Reduced power consumption in stirred vessel with high solid loading by equipping punched baffles

Solid-liquid suspension in stirred tank is a common operation in the chemical industry. The power consumption, flow pattern and flow field instability of three systems named as unbaffled stirred tank, traditional baffled stirred tank and punched baffled stirred tank(Pun-BST) were studied by using the computational fluid dynamic analysis. Results showed that perforating holes in the baffles could reduce power consumption of mixing. Meanwhile, the punched baffle system could maintain the solids in suspension as traditional baffle system. The results also showed that the baffles could increase the “effective flow” of stirred tank even though the whole velocity of the vessel is lower than un-baffled vessel. In addition, both the solid-liquid suspension and “effective flow” were related to instability of the flow field.Perfect solid-liquid suspension results always along with obvious instability of the flow field. But, the strengthening effect of punched baffle on flow field instability mainly happened in the near-wall area.It's because the collision and aggregation among sub-streams induced by holes intensified the unstable fluid flow. On the whole, the Pun-BST system provided much better mixing characteristics and recommended to apply in the industrial process.

Study on Anisotropy and Punching Yield Strength of Knitted Fabrics

In terms of the structural characteristics, knitted fabrics are described as plane orthotropic body with two symmetric axes, and the stress in different direction is approximately linear with strain before the yield point.The punching yield strength can be predicted theoretically by developing a mathematical equation from anisotropic effect of knitted fabrics. The experimental results demonstrate the applicability of theoretical formula. Analyses also reveal that the factors influencing three-dimensional deforming performance can be divided into two categories: fiber-yarn-fabric structural features and deforming condition.

Analysis on Micro Complex Shape Via Hole Punching on Low Temperature Co-Fired Ceramics

The quality of a via hole on a multilayer stack of Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic (LTCC) tape is of utmost importance to its functionality. This paper investigates a substitute for the commonly used circular shape hole to a more complex one and its implications when different parameters such as sheet thickness, punch speed, travel distance and tool clearance are?changed. Fabrication of the punch tools and the punching process is carried out at the same machine, ensuring alignment. Two types of non-circular shape are chosen to carry out the experiment. Pre-sintered complex shape hole measurements show that while punch conditions such as speed and tool gap have?little effect on the size, sheet thickness and travel depth play a vital role in the overall dimension. Albeit having only a slight effect on the size, those parameters are significant in other aspects of hole quality. Post-sintering investigation is also observed and discussed.

Punching Shear Behavior of RC Slab-Column Connections with Nonrectangular Columns

This paper present an experimental study on the RC slab-column connections with nonrectangular columns, namely cross-shaped column, T-shaped column and L-shaped column. The punching shear deformation and strength characteristics of slab-column connections with nonrectangular columns under punching shear load are investigated. Nine specimens with the three kinds of nonrectangular columns and two reference specimens with square columns are tested. The tested ultimate loads, deformations, and failure modes of specimens are presented and discussed. Test results reveal that the punching shear strength and ductility of the connections with nonrectangular columns are higher than those of the corresponding connections with square columns, and also prove that the application of nonrectangular columns to flat-plate structure was feasible. Based on the test results, one method of calculating punching shear strength of connections with nonrectangular columns is proposed, which conforms with the current design practice of China. The test results on the punching shear strength are compared with the predictions of the formulas proposed by codes of several different countrie; and the predictions given by ACI code and China code are found to be conservative as the reinforcement ratio is increased.

Microstructure and texture evolution of nonoriented silicon steel during the punching process

The iron core of a motor is mainly manufactured from rolled nonoriented silicon steel using a punching process that leads to deformation and texture evolution at the cutting edge.According to this process,circular samples of nonoriented silicon steel were prepared by punching using blunt punch tools.In this work,two positions along the rolling and transverse directions at the cutting edge were analyzed.The main mechanisms of deformation for both positions are dislocation slip and formation of shear bands.These two mechanisms lead to similar texture evolutions for both positions.The dislocation slip leads to the formation of the{221}<uvw>component in the unbending area(200μm away from the cutting edge)and intermediate continuum-bent area.Additionally,the evolution of the texture from the{111}γfiber to the{110}fiber was observed at the extremity of the cutting edge with the formation of shear bands.

A Novel Micro-hole Electrode Used to Investigate Electron Transfer Reactions at ITIES

A novel micro-hole electrode was fabricated to investigate the electron transfer reaction at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES). The electron transfer reaction between ferro/ferricyanide in aqueous phase (W) and ferrocene in 1, 2-dichloroethane (O) phase was studied as a test experiment. The results showed that the diffusion coefficient obtained from the micro-hole electrode was consistent with that obtained at macro-interface. Due to its simplicity and the very small IR drop it will be a useful tool for the study of ITIES systems.

Effect of the Shear Reinforcement Type on the Punching Resistance of Concrete Slabs

Punching shear failure of flat concrete slabs is a complex phenomenon with brittle failure mode, meaning sudden structural failure and rapid decrease of load carrying capacity. Due to these reasons, the application of appropriate punching shear reinforcement in the slabs could be essential. To obtain the required structural strength and performance in slab-column junctions, the effect of the shear reinforcement type on the punching resistance must be known. For this purpose, numerous nonlinear finite element simulations were carried out to determine the behavior and punching shear strength of flat concrete slabs with different punching shear reinforcement types. The efficiency of different reinforcement types was also determined and compared. Accuracy of the numerical simulations was verified by experimental results. Based on the comparison of numerical results,?the partial factor for the design formula used in Eurocode 2 was calculated and was found to be higher than the actual one.

NEW PUNCHING MACHINE DRIVEN BY LINEAR INDUCTION MOTOR

The research and application of the punching machine driven by a linear induction motor(LIM)are introduced.The fundamental principle, construction, performance and application are described. Comparing this new model machine with its traditional form, the LIM driven punching machine has many great advantages, such as, simple construction, small size and mass, low production cost, short production time, easy to control, low noise and considerable energy saving.

Effect of Needle Punching Process on a Chopped Strand Mat Composite with an Open Hole

The easiest and most reliable joining method is the mechanical joint with a bolt and nut or rivet. However, in the case of composite laminates, mechanical joint properties decrease because of lower interlaminar properties compared to in-plane properties around hole.?This study investigated needle punching process with the aim of improving the mechanical properties in the thickness direction of fiber-reinforced plastic composite laminates with an open hole. Needle punching process was applied to glass fiber chopped strand matused as the reinforcement for the composite laminates. Open-hole tensile tests and observations of end cross-sections after the tests were performed. The tensile properties and fracture mechanism of the specimens subjected to needle punching process were investigated. In addition, characteristic distance (a parameter for evaluating resistance to fracture in open-hole tensile test specimens) was also calculated to examine the effects of needle punching process conditions on fracture toughness. Tensile strength was improved by more than 15% by needle punching process. However, when a certain needle punching density was exceeded, the mechanical properties worsened. In addition, characteristic distance increased with increasing needle punching density. Thus, these results suggest that there is an optimal needle punching density with respect to strength and characteristic distance.

Punching and Local Damages of Fiber and FRP Reinforced Concrete under Low-Velocity Impact Load

In recent years, the development and application of high performance fiber reinforced concrete or cementitious composites are increasing due to their high ductility and energy absorption characteristics. However, it is difficult to obtain the required properties of the FRCC by simply adding fiber to the concrete matrix. Many researchers are paying attention to fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) for the reinforcement of construction structures because of their significant advantages over high strain rates. However, the actual FRP products are skill-dependent, and the quality may not be uniform. Therefore, in this study, two-way punching tests were carried out to evaluate the performances of FRP strengthened and steel and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber reinforced concrete specimens for impact and static loads. The FRP reinforced normal concrete (NC), steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC), and PVA FRCC specimens showed twice the amount of enhanced dissipated energy (total energy) under impact loadings than the non-retrofitted specimens. In the low-velocity impact test of the two-way NC specimens strengthened by FRPs, the total dissipated energy increased by 4 to 5 times greater than the plain NC series. For the two-way specimens, the total energy increased by 217% between the non-retrofitted SFRC and NC specimens. The total dissipated energy of the CFRP retrofitted SFRC was twice greater than that of the plain SFRC series. The PVA FRCC specimens showed 4 times greater dissipated energy than for the energy of the plain NC specimens. For the penetration of two-way specimens with fibers, the Hughes formula considering the tensile strength of concrete was a better predictor than other empirical formulae.

Henry入路蝶形钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端双柱Die-punch骨折

目的:探讨Henry入路蝶形钢板切开复位内固定治疗桡骨远端双柱Die-punch骨折的临床疗效。方法:选择2018年1月至2021年6月采用Henry手术入路切开复位内固定治疗的26例桡骨远端双柱Die-punch骨折患者,男14例,女12例;年龄20~75(44.2±3.4)岁。观察术后并发症情况,术后12个月采用Gartland-Werley评分标准进行腕关节功能评价。结果:26例患者均获得随访,时间10~18(13.4±0.8)个月。所有骨折均获得骨性愈合,时间8.5~15.8(11.4±0.5)周。所有患者手术切口都Ⅰ期愈合,无伤口感染、血管神经损伤及内固定失效等病例。术后12个月GarthndWerley评分(3.65±0.36)分,优16例,良8例,可2例。结论:通过掌侧Henry入路,使用蝶形钢板切开复位内固定治疗桡骨远端双柱Die-punch骨折,可获得满意的临床疗效。

The Development of Hi-Speed Punching System Using A Couple of Rotating Bodies

Punched steel sheets (metal sheets or foils) as thi n as 0.1mm are quite useful in the field of filters and various precision instrume nts. Thus, we have to develop more accurate and speedy techniques for punching t hin sheets. The traditional punching method uses an up-down pressing motion of a punch or a die on a strip of metal. The efficiency of this method is determine d by the speed of the motion. In the case of punching a sequence of tiny holes w ith a few millimeters’ interval, the speed of feeding a strip of metal to the p unching machine cannot exceed only a couple of meters per minute. We have de veloped a new technique for punching tiny holes with a pair of rotating bodies i n order to increase the feeding speed up to 100 meters per minute. Our proposed technique is shown in Fig.1 where the female tool has a round blade and the male tool has an M-shape boss. In addition, the setting of two tools i s alternating. The interference between them cannot occur because the clearance between the front and the back edge of the male tool and the female tool in the rotating direction becomes infinite in this configuration. An appropriate cleara nce is given for the thickness of the sheet between the side edge of the male to ol and the female tool. The punching itself is done by shearing. The side edge o f the male tool does contact with the female tool, but they cannot be interferin g. Our technique has another advantage to the traditional up-down pressing mach ine where the stamped out chips are hard to be discharged. It is quite easy in o ur proposed technique. Fig.2, 3 show a sample of punched material [TPP116A,+39mm88mm,Y,PZ#]Fig.1 The configuration of the punching parts using the sequential punching system.[TPP116B,+43mm155mm,X,BP#]Fig.2 A sample of punched material using the continuous punch ing lineFig.3 A exterior picture of a piece of punched steel foil(coi l) using the continuous punching For our developed high speed punching system, it is shown for (1) the configurat ion of punching tool and the punching mechanism, (2) the influence of male shape on punched hole quality, (3) the outline of continuous punching system, (4) the relation between punching speed and accuracy of hole pitch and hole dimensi on, (5) the mechanical property of punched metal sheet and (6) capability of hig her punching.