Effect of Micro-electrolysis and Micro-nano Bubbles Coupled with Peroxymonosulfate Treatment of Rural Domestic Sewage

With the continuous deepening of rural revitalization strategy and the increasingly strict sewage discharge standards,rural domestic sewage treatment technology is facing higher challenges and requirements.The combined process of micro-electrolysis+micro-nano bubbles coupled with peroxymonosulfate was constructed in this study,and the treatment effect and application value of this technology were explored with the actual rural domestic sewage as the treatment object.The experimental results showed that under the conditions of HRT of 120 min,PMS dosage of 0.15 mmol/L,pH=7,MBs air intake of 15 ml/min,current intensity of 15 A,and Fe/C mass ratio of 1:1,the removal rates of COD,ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus can reach 88.55%,77.18%and 74.67%,respectively.Under the condition that the pH value of sewage was not adjusted,the non-biochemical simultaneous decarbonization,denitrification and phosphorus removal of rural domestic sewage can be achieved by micro-electrolysis and micro-nano bubbles coupled with peroxymonosulfate.The concentrations of effluent COD,ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus met the requirements of the first level standard of the Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Rural Domestic Sewage Treatment Facilities(DB45T2413-2021).And the comprehensive operating cost was about 1.15 yuan/m 3.

Bubble Column Reactor Fluid-dynamic Evaluation at Pilot-plant for Residue and Extra-heavy Crude Oil Upgrading Technology

Bubble column reactors are multiphase contacting devices used in a wide variety of industrial application. Inrtevep S. A. is working on developing technologies to convert heavy and extra-heavy crude oil using this type of reactors. Volumetric gas hold up, flow pattern, average gas bubble size, average interfacial area, RTD （residence time distribution）, dispersion coefficient, Peclet number are important design parameters for a proper scale up of them. Several cold model experiments have been proposed to determine the previously mentioned parameters at atmospheric conditions, using a plexiglas bubble column reactor at pilot plant scale unit （12 cm diameter）. It was also evaluated our own design of internal trays （plates） in the reactor. Air-tap water and air-light oil systems have been used. A wide operating condition range was applied, superficial gas velocity between 0.5-10 cm/s, liquid flowrate between 15-65 I/h. Generally speaking, working without internal trays was found that gas hold up increase along the reactor and it was possible to identify heterogeneous bubble, transition and turbulent flow pattern areas for the air-light oil system. Average gas bubble size increase along the reactor at bubble regime from 2-5 mm but at turbulent regime, stay oscillating between 1-3 mm. Average interfacial area increases exponentially with superficial gas velocity at any reactor height, till 1,412 m2/m3 for the air-light oil system but, at bubble flow regime, the average interfacial area is lower than 100 m2/m3, which negatively impact the reactor performance. Internal trays in the reactor always increase gas hold up at any condition or system used. Residence time distributions curves, Peclet numbers and dispersion coefficients founded, show that this reactor with this kind of design internal trays still tends to be a complete mixing reactor under the operating conditions used.

Synergistic Treatment of Low-concentration Organic Waste Gas by Micro-nano Bubble Coordinated with Peroxymonosulfate

Continuous dynamic experiment was conducted for the treatment of low-concentration organic waste gas with xylene as a representative, using micro-nano bubble and peroxymonosulfate working in synergy. The degradation rule of xylene under different conditions such as the ORP value of the spray liquid, pH value of the spray liquid, liquid-gas ratio of the spray liquid, residence time of xylene, and initial concentration of xylene was investigated. The results showed that at a low concentration, the pH value of the spray liquid had little effect on the degradation rate of xylene. The degradation rate of xylene rose with the increase of the ORP value of the spray liquid, the liquid-gas ratio of the spray liquid, the residence time of xylene, and the initial concentration of xylene.

Exploration of particle technology in fine bubble characterization

Fine bubble technology has been applied in many fields, including semiconductor processing, waste water treatment, and agricultural development. Fine bubble technology has the advantages of being environ-mentally benign, and ease of production and use when compared with other processes that involve chemicals or biological agents. However, the mechanisms of fine bubble applications in many aspects still require exploration. The characterization of fine bubbles is one of the essential issues for better understanding the technology. This article reviews modern particle characterization technologies, espe-cially those that can be used to characterize fine bubbles, and briefly reports on some applications of fine bubbles.

基于PIV实验研究带破口双层圆柱结构附近气泡的动力学特性

近场水下爆炸冲击波破坏双壳体潜艇外壳结构后,后续的气泡脉动和射流载荷会对潜艇的内壳体继续造成严重毁伤,因此研究破口附近的气泡脉动和气泡载荷特性具有重要意义。基于受冲击波毁伤后的双壳体潜艇结构,制作预制圆形破口的双层圆柱结构模型,将电火花装置作为气泡发生源,开展了不同爆距参数(爆距与气泡的最大直径之比)和不同破口参数(破口直径与气泡的最大直径之比)条件下气泡与带破口双层圆柱结构的相互作用实验。通过高速摄影机捕捉气泡在双层圆柱结构附近的脉动和射流形成过程,采用粒子图像测速技术对爆炸流场速度进行测试,得到气泡溃灭后产生的水射流速度,同时采用压力传感器测量内层圆柱壳壁面处的压力载荷。实验结果表明:爆距参数决定了内板壁面所受压力的载荷形式、气泡溃灭后是否产生有效射流以及产生的射流速度;当爆距参数在一定范围内时,破口参数影响气泡的脉动以及气泡溃灭后产生的水射流方向。

细胞球可控制备的微流控芯片

基于热发泡打印原理,采用互补金属氧化物半导体-微电子机械系统(CMOS-MEMS)技术设计了一种可以产生细胞球的微流控芯片,通过调整打印次数控制细胞球的直径。该芯片通过控制底层的CMOS电路驱动电阻发热,从而带动MEMS微结构中的细胞悬液被喷射到指定位置并形成细胞球。实验结果表明:打印过程中,该芯片对CHO细胞活性基本无损伤,且可以制备出平均直径250.4~449.1μm范围内的细胞球,细胞球直径均一性良好,变异系数(CV)为6.17%~10.22%,实现了直径均一的细胞球的可控制备。

Environment-friendly surface cleaning using micro-nano bubbles

Cleaning a surface using a solution containing a large number of micro to nano scale bubbles has significant advantage regarding environmental protection.This review first briefly introduces the cleaning mechanism of micro-nano bubbles(MNBs),including physical and chemical effects.Then the applications of MNBs in cleaning of metal parts,precision parts,cultural relics or food are introduced.After that,coupled cleaning method of ultrasound and bubbles is introduced.Finally,the characterization methods for the cleaning effect are introduced,which mainly focuses on the changes of physico-chemical properties(mass or cleaning area,infiltration,colony number and light scattering intensity)of the cleaned parts or that(like conductivity)of the solvent.It is believed that MNBs technology will be applied in a broader range of surface cleaning applications.

Chemically-induced active micro-nano bubbles assisting chemical mechanical polishing:Modeling and experiments

The material loss caused by bubble collapse during the micro-nano bubbles auxiliary chemical mechanical polishing(CMP)process cannot be ignored.In this study,the material removal mechanism of cavitation in the polishing process was investigated in detail.Based on the mixed lubrication or thin film lubrication,bubble-wafer plastic deformation,spherical indentation theory,Johnson-Cook(J-C)constitutive model,and the assumption of periodic distribution of pad asperities,a new model suitable for micro-nano bubble auxiliary material removal in CMP was developed.The model integrates many parameters,including the reactant concentration,wafer hardness,polishing pad roughness,strain hardening,strain rate,micro-jet radius,and bubble radius.The model reflects the influence of active bubbles on material removal.A new and simple chemical reaction method was used to form a controllable number of micro-nano bubbles during the polishing process to assist in polishing silicon oxide wafers.The experimental results show that micro-nano bubbles can greatly increase the material removal rate(MRR)by about 400%and result in a lower surface roughness of 0.17 nm.The experimental results are consistent with the established model.In the process of verifying the model,a better understanding of the material removal mechanism involved in micro-nano bubbles in CMP was obtained.

基于PLC的自动化立体仓库系统设计

自动化立体仓库是工业生产领域的重要组成部分。针对仓库中货物重量识别不精准、取货顺序易混乱、传送带运输重货常打滑的问题,以PLC为控制器,结合变频器,运用MCGS技术,设计一套面向不同重量货物的自动化立体仓库控制系统。通过模数转换公式,确定模拟量与数字量的映射关系,精准识别货物重量;基于冒泡排序算法,借助人机界面功能,设计货物从轻到重的取货程序,实现系统自动顺序取货的可视化;设置变频器为三段速运行模式,满足传送带运送重物的速度要求。联机调试表明,该系统能够实现仓库高层合理化、取货自动化。

辊板式泡罩包装机的控制系统优化设计

为了解决泡罩包装机生产节拍慢、调试困难等问题,在原设备DPH260基础之上,改进设计了一种新型伺服泡罩包装机控制系统。针对泡罩包装工艺的要求,对整条泡罩包装工艺进行了重组,采用模块化设计思想对泡罩包装机的功能结构进行了优化,以提高泡罩成型、铝箔热封、板料冲裁、废料剔除等工艺环节的工作效率。热封质量和效率得到了提高,生产效率提高至180板/min。基于PLC控制的泡罩包装机,能够对泡罩包装温度进行精确地控制,不但提高了泡罩热封质量,而且提高了泡罩包装机的效率。

作茧与破茧:算法时代学术传播的价值重塑与权力规制

人类思维方式固有的特点是信息茧房的成因。而随着数智时代的到来,全社会信息因子都置于数据算法框架之下,算法作为信息聚拢及分配的技术,为信息传播提供了各种可能。算法也系统参与到新型学术传播机制中,成为深化数字化学术传播的新动能,带动了学术传播全要素、全领域、全流程的数智化转型。算法技术一方面提供了信息爆炸下的信息推荐路径;另一方面推波助澜地加剧了信息的选择性过滤,使人们接触到的信息更加同质化、狭隘化,进一步使得人际传播的群体极化。概言之,算法可以应用于学术传播,精准把握出版及传播的各个流程;也会异化为算法歧视,成为支配与控制学术传播的一种规制力量。算法对学术媒介与受众的信息权力分配便形成了数字时代学术传播的算法权力,而价值塑造、算法治理和算法主体反思能力提升可对算法权力进行规制,将学术传播中的信息茧房效应降至最低。对这一问题的探讨,可为算法权力下的学术传播提供新的思路。

球墨铸铁管件聚氨酯喷涂制造及改进

采用聚氨酯喷涂制造的球墨铸铁管件,运输经过海洋气候一定时间后聚氨酯涂层表面出现起泡及分层的小概率事件,针对这个问题进行了原因分析并采取了相应措施:1)重点监督毛坯件喷涂前高温除水,确保每一水压后的管件去除水分;2)毛坯件运输加垫缠绕膜枕木防护,杜绝或减少油污接触机会;3)在毛坯处理过程中尽量减少手工修补料的使用,除非经过焊接修补打磨后局部微小缺陷不便修复;4)毛坯刮手工料后,12小时内需完成喷涂,一次喷涂完成后表面不合格,需在生产线上处理后重喷,严禁一次喷涂固溶后二次喷涂;5)启喷前将溶剂排空,保证喷出A+B料混合均匀,且排出的溶剂不能飞溅到待喷涂的基材上;6)喷涂一表面时,对另一表面做有效保护,防止雾剂飞散到另一面,形成点状或局部固化;7)高温验证,对喷涂后的管件进行高温烘烤,杜绝有问题管件出厂;8)在完善工艺流程后派出专项质量工艺监督,逐项签字确认,最终保证了后续管件质量。

“过滤气泡”对主流意识形态的消解与应对

智媒体时代,算法推荐技术虽提高了信息传播的精度和准度,成为信息配置的主要方式,但在资本逐利观念影响下,其利用受众价值导向衍生出以信息个性化为主要特征的“过滤气泡”现象。“过滤气泡”为主流意识形态的传播创造了有利条件,但也消解了主流意识形态在社会中的传播力、影响力、凝聚力和引领力,为提升自身的风险防范能力带来挑战。为此,需强化主流意识形态驾驭算法的能力,提高公众在网络平台的媒介素养,健全维护主流意识形态的风险防范机制,构建理想的主流意识形态环境。

基于微纳米气泡修复技术的地下水重金属污染实验

结合微纳米气泡修复技术,对重金属污染进行有效处理,对实验结果进行记录与分析,结果表明,Cu^(2+)、Fe^(2+)、Pb^(2+)、Zn^(2+)四种重金属离子处理最适宜的环境分别为:Cu^(2+)处理环境:pH值为8.5、初始浓度为3 mg/L;Fe^(2+)处理环境:pH值为8.5、初始浓度为3.5 mg/L;Pb^(2+)处理环境:pH值为8、初始浓度为3.5 mg/L;Zn^(2+)处理环境:pH值为9、初始浓度为2.5 mg/L。此结果可为地下水重金属污染有效处理提供一定的理论支持。

泡沫排水采气工艺中的技术创新管理

随着气田的不断开发,井底积液逐渐增多,其对气井的自喷能力和产气能力影响逐渐加剧,严重影响气井经济效益和开采寿命,甚至可能将气井淹死,导致停产或报废。泡沫排水采气工艺由于其施工方便,廉价高效的特点,已经成为气田排水采气的主体措施。为保证气田的持续稳产,研究泡排工艺的技术创新管理至关重要。为此,文章首先对技术创新管理的概念、必要性和要点进行介绍,接着从技术创新管理的角度提出泡排工艺的技术创新可从泡排剂的优化、泡沫消除剂的优化、智能化设备的研发和管道改进四个方面进行,然后以延145-延518井区的排采工艺技术创新情况作为实例进行说明。

氢燃料电池鼓泡增湿技术研究

在质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)系统中,进气湿度是影响其性能的关键因素之一,增湿水含量过高或过低,都会导致燃料电池性能无法充分发挥。为了保障燃料电池的正常、稳定、高效运行,必须对燃料电池增湿技术进行研究。因此,文章简单介绍了鼓泡增湿技术增湿原理,进一步详细阐述鼓泡增湿器的工作原理及特点,采用模糊比例-积分-微分(PID)控制策略自动调节鼓泡增湿水温,以保持进气的湿度与温度。鼓泡增湿设备简单、工艺简便、小流量时能够保持高湿度,对提升燃料电池性能具有较好的应用价值。

粮食平房仓隔热气密性改造技术研究与应用

采用硬泡聚氨酯、粮仓专用密封槽等材料,对粮仓的地坪裂缝、内墙面、通风口等关键部位进行改造,并通过对比分析改造的实际效果。结果表明,改造后的粮仓隔热气密性显著增强,在控温储粮、气调储粮杀虫方面展现出优越性,且施工便捷、成本低廉,为粮食仓储行业的绿色转型提供了可行方案。

爆炸气泡帷幕对水中冲击波能量的衰减特性

在传统气泡帷幕减震技术的基础上,提出了爆炸气泡帷幕削能新理念,并对爆炸气泡帷幕削能设想进行了实验研究,发现在本实验条件下爆炸气泡帷幕能有效衰减冲击波峰值压力,且衰减量高达60%,对冲击波比冲量的衰减高达62.2%;采用小波包分解技术对爆炸气泡帷幕的削能效果进行评判,发现爆炸气泡帷幕对各频段的冲击波能量衰减效果明显,绝大部分频段的能量衰减都在50%以上;爆炸气泡帷幕能够有效消除水下爆炸冲击波的高频部分,爆炸冲击波通过爆炸气泡帷幕后只有低频成分,且低频成分能量大大削弱。

气液两相流中气泡运动速度场的PIV分析与研究

粒子图像测速技术(PIV)作为一种无扰、瞬态、全场速度测量方法,已被广泛应用于液体或气体的单相流流速场测定.对于两相流PIV技术,目前还处于起步阶段,本文应用PIV技术的基本原理,对静止液体中的气泡运动速度场进行了分析,并对有关气液两相流测量问题进行了探讨.

水中爆炸实验装置结构设计与防护研究

为开展水中工程结构及装备的抗爆性能实验研究,设计、建造具有多种功能的水中爆炸大型实验装置。据一维弹性平面波理论,对该装置爆炸水池结构设计的主要问题及抗爆隔震性能进行分析;研究纵波入射时水池结构内部不同介质应力波传播情况与破坏模式;并运用气泡帷幕防护技术,对降低水中爆炸冲击波防护措施可行性进行初步试验研究及探讨,验证该水中爆炸实验装置结构设计的合理性,降低水中冲击波的防护措施有效性。