Factors Affecting Cotrimoxazole Prophylactic Therapy Compliance in HIV Patients Attending a Care and Treatment Clinic at Bugando Medical Centre in Mwanza, Tanzania

Introduction: Cotrimoxazole Prophylactic Therapy (CPT) compliance lowers the risk of opportunistic infections and other Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)-related diseases. The aim of this study was to examine factors that influence compliance with CPT among HIV patients in the Care and Treatment Clinic (CTC) at Bugando Medical Centre (BMC) in Mwanza, Tanzania. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the BMC between April 1, 2021, and June 30, 2021. Data were collected using face-to-face interviews and a semi-structured questionnaire. Data are presented in frequency, percentages, and cross-tabulation tables. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The prevalence of compliance with CPT by self-reported measurement was 158 (63.7%). Most CPT-compliant participants were more likely to have a spouse who is familiar with CPT, have a family member who is aware of their HIV status, and be aware of the benefits of CPT. The majority of participants who complied with CPT were more likely to have experienced counseling during refill, felt that the length of time spent seeing doctors for treatment was reasonable, and received accurate information from them. Conclusion: Most adult HIV patients attending CTC at BMC were reported to be in compliance with CPT. These findings suggest that improving social support and patient-provider communication may be effective strategies for improving compliance with CPT among HIV patients.

The influence of trapping centres on the photoelectron decay in silver halide

Photoelectron is the foundation of latent image formation, the decay process of photoelectrons is influenced by all kinds of trapping centres in silver halide. By analysing the mechanism of latent image formation it is found that electron trap, hole trap, and one kind of recombination centre where free electron and trapped hole recombine are the main trapping centres in silver halide. Different trapping centres have different influences on the photoelectron behaviour. The effects of all kinds of typical trapping centres on the decay of photoelectrons are systematically investigated by solving the photoelectron decay kinetic equations. The results are in agreement with those obtained in the microwave absorption dielectric spectrum experiment.

Colour Centres and Energy Transfer in BaF_(2-x)Cl_x∶Eu^(2+) Phosphors

The optical absorption spectra of BaF2-x Clx ：Eu^2＋ after ultraviolet （UV） light excitation were investigated. The differences between the absorption spectra after and before excitation （DAS） were observed. The DAS increase at both the high and the low energy side of F band in BaF2-xClx ： Eu^2 ＋ after 245 nm UV light excitation. The bleach effect of UV light and the absorption of electrons in the valence band may account for the former and the formation of Fa centres （association of F（Cl^-） centres）, whose absorption band matches the HeNe laser better, may explain the latter. In the write-in process, the transfer of electrons is via tunneling, In the readout process, the transfer of electrons captured in F（F^-） and Fa centres is more likely via tunneling, and that of F（Cl^- ） centres is more likely via conduction band.

ANALYSIS OF LOCATION CONDITIONS OF FINANCIAL CENTRES IN CHINA

First of all, the necessity of establishing financial centres is expounded. The establishment of financial centres has a lot of benefits to the world economic development, China’s economy and the occupied cities. The location conditions of financial centres may be summarized as follows: the location of trade centre, the factors of geographical position, the circumstances of finance, etc.. We consider that the first batch of financial centres in China should be established in the eastern cities of China. So 9 eastern cities in China are chosen as the spare financial centres. According to the location conditions of financial centres, 12 indices are chosen and the method of synthetic weighted average is used to find the best locations of financial centres. The conclusions are that the grade A financial centres should be in Shanghai and the grade B should be in Tianjin and Guangzhou.

The Centres of Gravity of Periodic Orbits

Let f ： I → I be a continuous map. If P （n, f） = {x ∈I; fn （x） = x} is a finite set for each n ∈ N, then there exits an anticentered map topologically conjugate to f, which partially answers a question of Kolyada and Snoha. Specially, there exits an anticentered map topologically conjugate to the standard tent map.

A THREE-DIMENSIONAL SOLUTION OF THE PROBLEM OF THREE FIXED CENTRES

Based on the definitions of three fixed centres in a four-dimensional space, a three-dimensional solution of the problem of three fixed centres is presented,whichdevelops the plane solution of the problem.

Long-primed germinal centres with enduring affinity maturation and clonal migration

Germinal centres are the engines of antibody evolution. Here, using human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Env protein immunogen priming in rhesus monkeys followed by a long period without further immunization, we demonstrate germinal centre B (BGC) cells that last for at least 6 months. A 186-fold increase in BGC cells was present by week 10 compared with conventional immunization. Single-cell transcriptional profiling showed that both light- and dark-zone germinal centre states were sustained. Antibody somatic hypermutation of BGC cells continued to accumulate throughout the 29-week priming period, with evidence of selective pressure. Env-binding BGC cells were still 49-fold above baseline at 29 weeks, which suggests that they could remain active for even longer periods of time. High titres of HIV-neutralizing antibodies were generated after a single booster immunization. Fully glycosylated HIV trimer protein is a complex antigen, posing considerable immunodominance challenges for B cells1,2. Memory B cells generated under these long priming conditions had higher levels of antibody somatic hypermutation, and both memory B cells and antibodies were more likely to recognize non-immunodominant epitopes. Numerous BGC cell lineage phylogenies spanning more than the 6-month germinal centre period were identified, demonstrating continuous germinal centre activity and selection for at least 191 days with no further antigen exposure. A long-prime, slow-delivery (12 days) immunization approach holds promise for difficult vaccine targets and suggests that patience can have great value for tuning of germinal centres to maximize antibody responses.

Factors That Influence Anti-Retroviral Therapy Adherence among Women in Lilongwe Urban Health Centres, Malawi

Introduction: Sub-SaharanAfricaremains most severely affected, with nearly1 inevery 20 adults (4.9%) living with HIV and this is accounting for 69% of the people worldwide. Although the regional prevalence of HIV infection is nearly 25 times higher in sub-Saharan Africa than in Asia, almost 5 million people are living with HIV in South, South-East and East Asia combined. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to find out the factors that influence anti-retroviral therapy adherence among women in Lilongwe Urban,Malawi. Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional design was used to study multi sites using quantitative methods. The sites were ART clinics at Area 18 health centre, and Area 25 health centre. A questionnaire was used to a convenient sample of 118 HIV positive women. Quantitative data from close-ended questions were coded and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS), version 16. Logistic regression model was used to execute the potential covariates. Findings: ART adherence among women is influenced by knowledge levels on: perceived importance and consequences for not adhering to ART;Short waiting time;good relationships with the next of kin and service providers;trust and effective coping mechanisms to stressful events. Source of information was highly associated with adherence in the logistic regression OR ≤ 2.89;CI (1.66 ± 5.38);p (0.039). Moreover, Short waiting time of the women at the hospital during the ARV refill period is highly associated with ART adherence level OR ≤ 4.11;CI (2.05 ± 6.12);p (0.021). On the other hand, factors that contribute to non-adherence are reduced knowledge level p0.002;Side effects of ART;bad relationships with service providers and relationship with the next of kin as well as occupation of the clients (women). Conclusion: Despite stressful events to HIV positive living women, this study revealed that the majority of these participants would continue taking ART if the factors are very minimal. Encouraging the women who stop taking ART particularly in urban health centres due to such factors like religious beliefs that God is superior and will heal them would influence the ART survival rate in Malawi.

Experience of Drug Abusers Participating in Community-Based Drug Rehabilitation Services Provided by the Counselling Centres for Psychotropic Substance Abusers (CCPSAs) in Hong Kong

Despite the official statistics showing that the number of drug users has been declining, the problem of drug abuse remains serious in Hong Kong. This problem is evidenced by the trend of hidden and prolonged drug abuse. The recovery of drug abusers is an important process, because the misuse of drugs can cause many bio-psycho-social complications. Therefore, 11 Counselling Centres for Psychotropic Substance Abusers (CCPSAs) in different districts in Hong Kong play an important role on those drug abusers [1]. As a core community-based drug rehabilitation service in Hong Kong, studies about CCPSAs are limited. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach to explore the experience of drug abusers participating in community-based drug rehabilitation services provided by CCPSAs. Five CCPSA users, who utilized the services for more than two months, participated in the semi-structured face-to-face interviews. Data collected were then analysed by thematic analysis, and five themes were generated: 1) receiving supportive counselling service in CCPSAs, 2) revealing variance towards nonmandatory services in CCPSAs, 3) encountering intrapersonal conflicts when participating in CCPSAs, 4) expanding social network through integration in group activities and 5) wishing to be a companion to other drug abusers. Findings of this study provide valuable insights towards services modification and the enhancement of drug rehabilitation and drug abusers’ wellbeing over the collaboration of healthcare workers, services providers and the media. However, this study has some limitations, and it presents suggestions for future research.

DHW Design Flow Rates and Consumption Profiles in Educational, Office Buildings and Shopping Centres

The paper gives a thorough survey of the studies of different authors in the field of domestic hot water (DHW) consumption and consumption profiles. It presents an overview of the research done into DHW by the Tallinn University of Technology. Working out on the basis of investigations has been new empirical formulas for determining design flow rates for schools, kindergartens, office buildings and shopping centres. DHW consumption profiles of typical buildings are presented. Comparisons are given on the determination of DHW design flow rates by the standard EVS 835, the EN 806-3 and the recommended formulas. The latter makes it possible to considerably decrease the design flow rates which in turn enables to deminish the load of the equipment, to improve the quality of control and to decrease the diameters of the pipes of the district heating network and the losses of heat in them.

Business Service Centres and Their Current Challenges in Slovak Republic

Globalization of the world economy and the entrance of the information society have a significant impact on the development of business activities of individual firms.Since centralization and outsourcing of business services is a globally growing trend,this industry has enormous potential.Business Service Centres(BSCs)are considered to be a model in the European Union that leads to improved performance and results achieved by the company.Within the framework of EU free trade,up to 70%of European centres state that standardization and process transformation is the first corner in deciding to set up the BSC.The aim of the article is to analyse the market of business service centres in the Slovak Republic and their impact on employment within the EU.The competitive advantage of Slovakia lies above all in economic and political stability,geographic location,skilled workforce and European currency.Thanks to positive business experiences in Slovakia,most investors remain and large numbers of them are expanding their activities,despite the rising cost of work.Based on the use of quantitative methods,we analyse secondary data on business service centres.Higher education graduates are often the main source of workforce for business service centres.

KT-1300V KT-1400V——VERTICAL MACHINING CENTRES

The KT-1300V and KT-1400V verticalmachining centres are built by theBeijing Machine Tool Research Instituteaccording to drawings and componentssupplied by the Kearney & Trecker Corp.ofthe USA.They sell well thanks to theirexcellent performance and reasonable price.

Development of Commodity Distribution Centres in China

In recent years, along with the rapid development and needs of China’s chain commerce, more attention has been paid to the development and construction of commodity distribution centres. Numerous businessmen have increasingly recognized that one of

Techno-Economic and Sustainability Analysis of Potential Cooling Methods in Irish Data Centres

11% of Irish electricity was consumed by data centres in 2020. The Irish data centre industry and the cooling methods utilised require reformative actions in the coming years to meet EU Energy policies. The resell of heat, alternative cooling methods or carbon reduction methods are all possibilities to conform to these policies. This study aims to determine the viability of the resell of waste heat from data centres both technically and economically. This was determined using a novel application of thermodynamics to determine waste heat recovery potential in Irish data centres, and the current methods of heat generation for economical comparison. This paper also explores policy surrounding waste heat recovery within the industry. The Recoverable Carnot Equivalent Power (RCEP) is theoretically calculated for the three potential cooling methods for Irish data centres. These are air, hybrid, and immersion cooling techniques. This is the maximum useable heat that can be recovered from a data centre rack. This study is established under current operating conditions which are optimised for cooling performance, that air cooling has the highest potential RCEP of 0.39 kW/rack. This is approximately 8% of the input electrical power that can be captured as useable heat. Indicating that Irish data centres have the energy potential to be heat providers in the Irish economy. This study highlighted the technical and economic aspects of prevalent cooling techniques and determined air cooling heat recovery cost can be reduced to 0.01 €/kWhth using offsetting. This is financially competitive with current heating solutions in Ireland.

Extensive Pineapple Production Constraints and Land Suitability in the Centre Region of Cameroon

The low level of productivity observed in pineapple fields in Centre Came-roon must be sustainably reduced in order to increase producers’ income while using the same resources. The identification and control of production constraints are key steps in optimizing the use of limited resources. To this end, the FAO land assessment methodology following the Fuzzy-MCDM pro-tocol was used for the two pineapple production basins in the Centre, namely Awae and Bokito. It was found that the land in Awae Basin is moderately suitable S2sf with constraints imposed by texture, pH and base saturation. In the Bokito Basin, 25% of the land is suitable S1wf and 75% is moderately suitable S2wsf with constraints imposed by soil texture (27%), temporary soil water saturation (99%), pH, base saturation and exchangeable sodium. Constraint correction improves the land index (potential suitability) and re-mains limited by permanent constraints that cannot be corrected. Improve-ment of the technical itinerary through modification of plant densities, selec-tion of improved cultivars and balanced fertilization must be undertaken to optimize pineapple production in Centre Cameroon.

Inclusiveness in City Centre-A Case Study: 30-E-Tir Street in Tehran

City centres in today’s big cities,particularly in metropolises and megalopolises,play a crucial role in revival of human scale in an urban context.Nowadays,a city centre that corresponds to needs of various groups of users,contributes to creating a safe,healthy,vibrant,inclusive and sustainable city.Accordingly,identification of the major and minor groups of users of city centres as well as their likes,dislikes and preferences is a primary step.To this end,this paper investigates the city centre of Tehran and a recently pedestrianised street called 30-E-Tir.With a focus on the three indicators of age,gender and speed,this paper aims to elucidate the existing divergent groups of users of 30-E-Tir and their physical,mental,and spiritual expectations of this street.This 1.3-km street-as a linear path incorporating food&junk food kiosks and the associated small-scale canopies,and flagstone floorscaping-passes through many famous museums of Tehran.These specific features have converted 30-E-Tir Street into a convivial destination point for Tehranians.The existing problems,however,necessitate a detailed investigation of the current situation.The applied methodology for this qualitative-quantitative analysis of the present condition includes the literature review and the related analysis,direct appraisal,photography,and dot-based analysis.

排岩机履带行走装置接地比压分布规律研究

针对目前接地比压分布不均匀问题,本文以排岩机为例,建立了履带行走装置接地比压计算数学模型。基于Solidworks、MATLAB软件,对排岩机重心空间坐标值与其受料臂旋转角度、排料臂上仰角度及车体回转支承旋转角度进行了拟合。进一步通过ANSYS Workbench仿真软件,证明了所建接地比压计算模型的正确性。研究分析了接地比压随受料臂旋转角度、排料臂上仰角度、排岩机车体回转支承旋转角度的变化趋势。这里研究成果可为各种履带行走设备整机的设计及其工作地基的处理提供一定的参考。