microRNAs(miRNAs)是一类小RNA分子,在植物和动物的基因表达调控中发挥着重要作用,miRNAs不参与蛋白质的直接合成,而是转录后基因表达的重要调控因子。它们不仅在身体发育中起着关键作用,也是细胞周期、凋亡和分化的关键调节因子。成熟m...microRNAs(miRNAs)是一类小RNA分子,在植物和动物的基因表达调控中发挥着重要作用,miRNAs不参与蛋白质的直接合成,而是转录后基因表达的重要调控因子。它们不仅在身体发育中起着关键作用,也是细胞周期、凋亡和分化的关键调节因子。成熟miRNAs的产生需要几个关键步骤。首先,在细胞核中经由RNA polymerase II(PolII)转录完成聚腺苷酸化和封顶产生primary mi RNAs(Pri-miRNAs)。Pri-miRNAs通过Drosha/DGCR8复合物进一步加工合成hairpin precursor mi RNAs(pre-miRNAs)。Pre-miRNAs通过输出蛋白5(XPO5)输出到细胞质中,并被Dicer切割,在这一过程进行末端环的切割后形成成熟的miRNAs。miRNAs以互补序列结合靶mRNA,发挥调控作用。研究表明,超过30%的蛋白质编码基因受miRNAs调控。miRNAs的失调和功能障碍与人类疾病有关,miRNAs的异常表达被认为是癌症发生的重要过程。本文就microRNAs在妇科肿瘤发生发展中的研究现状进行综述。展开更多
目的探索胃癌发生过程的风险miRNAs,为上消化道机会性筛查中早期胃癌识别提供依据。方法纳入2021年6月至2023年8月在广西医科大学附属肿瘤医院、右江民族医学院附属医院、桂林市人民医院3个中心进行上消化道癌机会性筛查的人群。选取健...目的探索胃癌发生过程的风险miRNAs,为上消化道机会性筛查中早期胃癌识别提供依据。方法纳入2021年6月至2023年8月在广西医科大学附属肿瘤医院、右江民族医学院附属医院、桂林市人民医院3个中心进行上消化道癌机会性筛查的人群。选取健康体检者107例、早期胃癌患者71例、进展期胃癌患者97例。首先采用转录组测序筛选差异表达miRNAs,然后在3组前瞻性人群的血浆样本中通过RT‐qPCR验证差异表达的miRNAs,最后采用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线评估miRNAs的诊断效能。结果转录组测序的差异基因分析共筛选出胃癌发生过程中的6个差异表达miRNAs,包括miR‐3176、miR‐885‐5p、miR‐203a‐3p、miR‐452‐5p、miR‐223‐3p、miR‐219a‐2‐3p。RT‐qPCR结果显示,miR‐452‐5p在早期胃癌及进展期胃癌患者中表达上调(均P<0.001)。ROC曲线显示,miR‐452‐5p诊断早期胃癌和进展期胃癌的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)分别为0.900、0.975。区分早期胃癌与进展期胃癌的AUC为0.843。结论miR‐452‐5p在早期胃癌中具有良好的诊断效能,可能作为液体活检诊断早期胃癌的潜在生物标志物。展开更多
Bladder cancer(BC)is the tenth most prevalent malignancy globally,presenting significant clinical and societal challenges because of its high incidence,rapid progression,and frequent recurrence.Presently,cystoscopy an...Bladder cancer(BC)is the tenth most prevalent malignancy globally,presenting significant clinical and societal challenges because of its high incidence,rapid progression,and frequent recurrence.Presently,cystoscopy and urine cytology serve as the established diagnostic methods for BC.However,their efficacy is limited by their invasive nature and low sensitivity.Therefore,the development of highly specific biomarkers and effective noninvasive detection strategies is imperative for achieving a precise and timely diagnosis of BC,as well as for facilitating an optimal tumor treatment and an improved prognosis.microRNAs(miRNAs),short noncoding RNA molecules spanning around 20–25 nucleotides,are implicated in the regulation of diverse carcinogenic pathways.Substantially altered miRNAs form robust functional regulatory networks that exert a notable influence on the tumorigenesis and progression of BC.Investigations into aberrant miRNAs derived from blood,urine,or extracellular vesicles indicate their potential roles as diagnostic biomarkers and prognostic indicators in BC,enabling miRNAs to monitor the progression and predict the recurrence of the disease.Simultaneously,the investigation centered on miRNA as a potential therapeutic agent presents a novel approach for the treatment of BC.This review comprehensively analyzes biological roles of miRNAs in tumorigenesis and progression,and systematically summarizes their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers,as well as therapeutic targets for BC.Additionally,we evaluate the progress made in laboratory techniques within this field and discuss the prospects.展开更多
文摘microRNAs(miRNAs)是一类小RNA分子,在植物和动物的基因表达调控中发挥着重要作用,miRNAs不参与蛋白质的直接合成,而是转录后基因表达的重要调控因子。它们不仅在身体发育中起着关键作用,也是细胞周期、凋亡和分化的关键调节因子。成熟miRNAs的产生需要几个关键步骤。首先,在细胞核中经由RNA polymerase II(PolII)转录完成聚腺苷酸化和封顶产生primary mi RNAs(Pri-miRNAs)。Pri-miRNAs通过Drosha/DGCR8复合物进一步加工合成hairpin precursor mi RNAs(pre-miRNAs)。Pre-miRNAs通过输出蛋白5(XPO5)输出到细胞质中,并被Dicer切割,在这一过程进行末端环的切割后形成成熟的miRNAs。miRNAs以互补序列结合靶mRNA,发挥调控作用。研究表明,超过30%的蛋白质编码基因受miRNAs调控。miRNAs的失调和功能障碍与人类疾病有关,miRNAs的异常表达被认为是癌症发生的重要过程。本文就microRNAs在妇科肿瘤发生发展中的研究现状进行综述。
文摘目的探索胃癌发生过程的风险miRNAs,为上消化道机会性筛查中早期胃癌识别提供依据。方法纳入2021年6月至2023年8月在广西医科大学附属肿瘤医院、右江民族医学院附属医院、桂林市人民医院3个中心进行上消化道癌机会性筛查的人群。选取健康体检者107例、早期胃癌患者71例、进展期胃癌患者97例。首先采用转录组测序筛选差异表达miRNAs,然后在3组前瞻性人群的血浆样本中通过RT‐qPCR验证差异表达的miRNAs,最后采用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线评估miRNAs的诊断效能。结果转录组测序的差异基因分析共筛选出胃癌发生过程中的6个差异表达miRNAs,包括miR‐3176、miR‐885‐5p、miR‐203a‐3p、miR‐452‐5p、miR‐223‐3p、miR‐219a‐2‐3p。RT‐qPCR结果显示,miR‐452‐5p在早期胃癌及进展期胃癌患者中表达上调(均P<0.001)。ROC曲线显示,miR‐452‐5p诊断早期胃癌和进展期胃癌的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)分别为0.900、0.975。区分早期胃癌与进展期胃癌的AUC为0.843。结论miR‐452‐5p在早期胃癌中具有良好的诊断效能,可能作为液体活检诊断早期胃癌的潜在生物标志物。
基金supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2022M721404)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20220737)+1 种基金the Social Development Foundation of Clinical Frontier Technology of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BE2017763)the Medical Research Project of Jiangsu Province Health Committee(Grant No.K2019020).
文摘Bladder cancer(BC)is the tenth most prevalent malignancy globally,presenting significant clinical and societal challenges because of its high incidence,rapid progression,and frequent recurrence.Presently,cystoscopy and urine cytology serve as the established diagnostic methods for BC.However,their efficacy is limited by their invasive nature and low sensitivity.Therefore,the development of highly specific biomarkers and effective noninvasive detection strategies is imperative for achieving a precise and timely diagnosis of BC,as well as for facilitating an optimal tumor treatment and an improved prognosis.microRNAs(miRNAs),short noncoding RNA molecules spanning around 20–25 nucleotides,are implicated in the regulation of diverse carcinogenic pathways.Substantially altered miRNAs form robust functional regulatory networks that exert a notable influence on the tumorigenesis and progression of BC.Investigations into aberrant miRNAs derived from blood,urine,or extracellular vesicles indicate their potential roles as diagnostic biomarkers and prognostic indicators in BC,enabling miRNAs to monitor the progression and predict the recurrence of the disease.Simultaneously,the investigation centered on miRNA as a potential therapeutic agent presents a novel approach for the treatment of BC.This review comprehensively analyzes biological roles of miRNAs in tumorigenesis and progression,and systematically summarizes their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers,as well as therapeutic targets for BC.Additionally,we evaluate the progress made in laboratory techniques within this field and discuss the prospects.
