Effect of microbial agent ARC-BBBE demonstration application on peanut production in the Huang-huai-hai area of China

The microbial agent ARC-BBBE demonstration trials were conducted in four provinces in the main peanutproducing areas of the Huang-huai-hai plain of China.The results revealed that the application of ARC-BBBE led to a 1.09–1.70 fold increase in the number of nodules in the treatment group at the demonstration site compared to the control group.Moreover,the nodule weight in the treatment group was 0.80–3.32 times higher than that of the control group,and nitrogenase activity per plant showed a significant enhancement by 1.00–2.83 fold compared to controls.Additionally,notable improvements were observed in terms of increased fresh weight of whole plants,well-filled pod numbers,and enhanced growth performance;ultimately resulting in a harvest yield increase ranging from 9.46%to 49.04%.The abundance of Aspergillus flavus in rhizosphere soil was determined by the dilution spread plate method,and the inhibition rate was up to 86.7%.The application of ARC-BBBE in the significant peanut-producing areas of Huang-huai-hai has effects of promoting growth,nodulation,and increasing production.At the same time,it has the effect of inhibiting and controlling soil Aspergillus flavus,which provides a new green and low-carbon way to promote the high-quality development of the peanut industry.

Effects of Combination of Straw Returning and a Microbial Agent on Microorganisms and Enzyme Activity in Rhizosphere Soil and Yield of Late Rice

By using red soil and late rice Wufengyou T025 as the tested materials,the influences of straw returning with a microbial agent on the quantity of microorganisms and enzyme activity in rhizosphere soil in fields were studied,and soil productivity was tested with yield and agricultural traits of late rice. The results showed that straw returning with the microbial agent could significantly improve the quantity of bacteria,fungi and actinomyces in soil,enhance the activity of sucrase,urease,catalase and cellulase,and improve the number of grains per spike,setting percentage,thousand seed weight and yield of late rice. The combination of rice straw returning and the microbial agent has a good prospect of application.

Control Effect of Different Microbial Agents on Tobacco Bacterial Wilt

[ Objectives] The paper was to study effects of different microbial agents on occurrence of tobacco bacterial wilt. [ Methods I Antagonistic strains against Ralstonia solanacearum were screened from in situ soil, and prepared into four different combinations. The number of soil microorganisms and incidence of bacterial wilt of four combinations were observed. [ Results] The incidence rate of bacterial wilt treated by microbial agent OR-1 was significantly lower than that in control, and the control efficacy against bacterial wilt reached 67%. [ Conclusions] Application of microbial agent OR-1 could effectively reduce the incidence rate and disease index of bacterial wilt, thus improving the quality of tobacco.

The Optimization Study about Fault Self-Healing Restoration of Power Distribution Network Based on Multi-Agent Technology

In order to quickly and accurately locate the fault location of the distribution network and increase the stability of the distribution network,a fault recovery method based on multi-objective optimization algorithm is proposed.The optimization of the power distribution network fault system based on multiagent technology realizes fast recovery of multi-objective fault,solve the problem of network learning and parameter adjustment in the later stage of particle swarm optimization algorithm falling into the local extreme value dilemma,and realize the multi-dimensional nonlinear optimization of the main grid and the auxiliary grid.The system proposed in this study takes power distribution network as the goal,applies fuzzy probability algorithm,simplifies the calculation process,avoids local extreme value,and finally realizes the energy balance between each power grid.Simulation results show that the Multi-Agent Technology enjoys priority in restoring important load,shortening the recovery time of power grid balance,and reducing the overall line loss rate of power grid.Therefore,the power grid fault self-healing system can improve the safety and stability of the important power grid,and reduce the economic loss rate of the whole power grid.

Design of an Intelligent Self-Healing Smart Grid using a Hybrid Multi-Agent Framework

This paper discusses the applications of a hybrid multi-agent framework for self-healing applications in an intelligent smart grid system following catastrophic disturbances such as loss of generators or during system fault.The proposed hybrid multi-agent framework is a hybrid of both centralized and decentralized scheme to allow distributed intelligent agent in the smart grid system to make fast local decision while allowing the slower central controller to judge the effectiveness of the decision made by the local agents and to suggest more optimal solutions.

Review of Microbial Inoculation Agent Used in Composting

Microbial inoculation agent has been widely used in waste disposal and waste recycling. In this paper, the principle of fermentation in the composting of agricultural waste and the impact of microbial inoculation agent on composting were reviewed.The research and the application of microbial inoculation agent were also introduced. Based on the trend of the research, the promising prospect of microbial inoculation agent was discussed.

Screening of Composite Microbial Agents for Promoting the Decomposition of Aging Dunnage

To explore the influence of microbial agems on the decomposition of aging dunnage of the fermentation bed, this paper took the aging dunnage as the raw materials, obtained microbial strains of different types through isolation and purification, chose dominant groups to make compound microbial agents, and adopted composting decomposition experiment. The results showed that Bacillus subtilis of different ratios was added, Trichoderma koningii and Thermo actinomycetaceac could promote the decomposition of aging dunnage, especially composite microbial agents （Kc：Kn：Gf = 1：1：1 ） had the best effect of decomposition, the high tem- perature was kept for 13 days. In the end of composting, degradation rate of cellulose, degradation rate of lignin, GI, and C/N were 47.6%, 30. 2%, 98.5%, and 18.5%. Bacillus coli was not detected.

Application of Highly Efficient Microbial Agent in Pig Manure Compost

[ Objective] The aim of this study was to develop a cheap and localized microbial agent so as to solve high cost of microbial agent for pig manure composting in Jiaxing City. [ Method] Pig manure in the experimental group and control group was inoculated with the self-developed micro- bial agent and commercial microbial agent, respectively. The manure was decomposed for 38 d, during which the indicators of compost including physical properties, temperature, pH value, water content, organic matter, dissolved nitrogen, carbon nitrogen ratio and germination rate were studied. [ Result] The water content in the experimental group declined to 26.10% after 33 d of compost, meeting the standard upper limitation of 30% for maturity. By comparison, the water content in the control group was slightly higher than 30% even after 38 d. The germination rate of seeds fertilized with the experimental manure compost met the standard for maturity on Day 28, while that in the control group met the standard for maturity on Day 35. When the composting was finished, the ratio of total carbon to total nitrogen in the pig manure was 14.64 and 16.43 respective- ly in the experimental and control group, and the organic matter content was about 45% for both. All these indexes could meet the standards for or- ganic fertilizer products. [ Conclusion] The self-developed microbial agent can moot the requirements for pig manure composting, and it can shorten the composting time by 5 -8 d compared with the commercial agent. In addition, the fertilizer product composted by the self-developed microbial a qent has lower water content and thereby is much more beneficial for preservation.

Effects of Different Microbial Agents on Aerobic Composting of Cow Manure

For the control of environment pollution caused by livestock and poultry manure, four microbial strains conducive to aerobic composting were selected and mixed into four compound microbial agents, and effects of different compound microbial agents on aerobic composting of cow manure were studied from aspects of changes in temperature, pH, water content and C/N during the composting process. The results show that microbial agent M2 has the best effect for aerobic composting of cow manure, so microbial agent M2 has broad popularization and application prospect in livestock and poultry farms in low-temperature areas of Northeast China.

Preliminary Study on Mixed Use of Agaricus bisporus Residue and Microbial Agent to Control Cucumber Root-knot Nematode

Single or mixed use ofAgaricus bisporus residue and microbial agent had better control effect on cucumber root-knot nematode disease in greenhouse. The results showed that the control effect of single use of A. b/sporus residue was 32.9% - 34.7%, and the yield increasing rate was 2.1% - 8.7% ; the control effect of mixed use ofA. b/sporus residue and microbial agent was 59. 1% - 63. 6%, and yield increasing rate was 2.6% - 3.5%. The experimental dose had no ad- verse effects on soil physical and chemical properties. The mixed use of A. b/sporus residue and microbial agent was one of the effective ways to control root-knot nematode disease.

Effects of Microbial Agents on Kitchen Waste and Rice Straw Composting

In order to clarify the influence of microbial agents on kitchen waste and rice straw composting, an aerobic composting experiment was conducted by setting three kinds of combined bacterial agents to study the temperature change in the composting, and pH value, nutrient contents, C/N and heavy metal content after composting through. The three kinds of combined bacterial agents were as follows:B1 with effective strains: Bacillus subtilis, yeast and Trichoderma sp.;B2 with effective strains: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, yeast and lactic acid bacteria;B3 with effective strains: Bacillus subtilis, yeast and lactic acid bacteria. Results showed that the addition of microbial agents had signifcant effects on temperature change,nitrogen and phosphorus content and C/N of the compost. T1, T2, and T3 treatments lasted for 8, 5 and 4 d in the thermophilic phase above 60℃, respectively. The total nitrogen content of each treatment was 14.90, 15.50 and 13.80 g/kg respectively after composting. The total phosphorus content of each treatment was 4.87, 4.17 and 3.70g/kg respectively at the end of composting. The C/N of each treatment was 20.94,22.63, and 22.65 respectively at the end of composting. The application effect of B1bacteria agent on the composting of kitchen waste and rice straw was better.

Synthesis and Evaluation of Quinolino-Benzoxaboroles as Potential Antimicrobial Agents

Several quinolino-benzoxaborole derivatives have been prepared to start from aminobenzoxaboroles. These derivatives have been evaluated for their anti-cancer activity on human and murine cancer cell lines and based on their relative non-toxicity, these compounds were further evaluated for their antibacterial activity against E. coli, B. subtilis, and M. smegmatis. The synthesized compounds were also evaluated for antifungal activity in C. albicans and C. neoformans.

Evaluation of rational use of antimicrobial agents in a Brazilian intensive care unit

The present study sought to assess the rational use of antimicrobial agents in a Brazilian intensive care unit (ICU) and its association with antimicrobial resistance in elderly patients admitted to the unit. Results: Choice of empiric and sensitivity-guided therapy was inadequate in > 80% and 59% of cases respectively. Inadequate antimicrobial therapy, whether empiric or sensitivity-guided, was positively correlated with bacterial resistance (r = 0.316;p = 0.001). Sensitivity testing revealed a 46.5% resistance rate to eight out of the ten most commonly used antibiotics. Multiple drug-resistant organisms were found in 40.8% of patients. A significant increase was observed in the number of multidrug-resistant samples between 2006/2007 and 2008 (r = 0.41, p = 0.006), (r = 0.598, p = 0.001), (r = 0.688, p = 0.00). Conclusion: We found a high rate of antibiotic misuse in the study sample. Inadequate therapy was correlated with resistance to antimicrobial agents.

Microbial self-healing of cracks in cement-based materials and its influencing factors

Cement-based materials are brittle and crack easily under natural conditions.Cracks can reduce service life because the transport of harmful substances can cause corrosion damage to the structures.This review discusses the feasibility of using microbial self-healing agents for crack healing.Tubular and spherical carriers can be used to load microbial self-healing agents and protect microbes,which prolongs the self-healing time.The area self-healing ratio,permeability,mechanical strength,precipitation depth method,numerical modeling,and ultrasonic method can be employed to identify the self-healing effect of cracks.Moreover,the self-healing mechanism is systematically analyzed.The results showed that microbial self-healing agents can repair cracks in cement-based materials in underground projects and dam gates.The difficulties and future development of self-healing cracks were analyzed.A microbial selfhealing agent was embedded in the cement-based material,which automatically repaired the developing cracks.With the development of intelligent building materials,self-healing cracks have become the focus of attention.

Distribution of Calcium Carbonate in the Process of Concrete Self-healing

The complete deposition distribution process of calcium carbonate is summarized in three directions of cracks. Distribution of calcium carbonate in the self-healing process of microbial concrete is studied in detail, with the help of a variety of analytical techniques. The results show that carbonate deposits along the x-axis direction of the cracks. The farther from the crack surfaces of concrete matrix in x-axis direction, the more the content of the substrate, the less content of calcium carbonate. Gradual accumulation of calcium carbonate along the y-axis direction is like building a house with bricks. Different repair points are gradually connected, and ultimately the whole of cracks are completely filled. In the z-axis direction, calcium deposits on the surface of fracture direction, when the crack is filled on the surface, because the internal crack hypoxia in the depths of cracks hardly produces calcium carbonate.

Inhibition of Microbial Growth by Anilines： A QSAR Study

The relative toxicity of 48 anilines using the Tetrahymena pyriformis population growth characteristics IGC50 （concentration causing 50% growth inhibition）, available in the literature, was studied. At first, the entire data set was randomly split into a training set （31 chemicals） used to establish the QSAR model, and a test set （17 chemicals） for statistical external validation. A biparametric model was developed using, as independent variables, 3D theoretical descriptors derived from DRAGON software. The GA-MLR （genetic algorithm variable subset selection） procedure was performed on the trainingset by the software mobydigs using the OLS （ordinary least squares） regression method, and GA（genetic algorithm）-VSS（variable subset selection） by maximising the cross-validated explained variance （Q^2Loo）＇ The obtained model was examined for robustness （Q^2LOOcross-validation, Y-scrambling） and predictive ability through both internal （Q^2LM0, bootstrap） and external validation （Q^2ext） methods. Descriptors included in the QSAR model indicated that log/GC^-150 value was related to molecular size and shape, and interaction of molecule with its surrounding medium or its target. Moreover, the applicability domain of the model was discussed.

Optimization of Blanching Time, Sodium Metabisulphite （Na2S205） Concentration and Processing Time on Vitamin C Content, Microbial Quality and Sensory Characteristics during Canning of Green Pepper （Capsicum sinensis） Using Response Surface Methodology

Response surface methodology and central composite rotatable design （CCRD） for K = 3 were used to investigate the combined effect of blanching time （0-1 min）, processing time （10-30 min） and sodium metabisulphite （Na2S205） salt concentration （0%-2%） on vitamin C content, hardness （texture）, microbial count and color intensity of green pepper （Capsicum sinensis） during canning. Blanching, processing time and sodium metabisulphite （Na2S205） salt concentration all had variable effects on the vitamin C, microbial quality and sensory characteristics of the canned green peppers. Significant （P 〈 0.05） interactions were noted between all the factors with high regression coefficients （78.7%-97.0%）. Increasing processing time caused significant decreases in vitamin C and microbial load of the product. However, salt concentration had only marginal and insignificant effect on the vitamin C content of the canned product. Sensory evaluation on the product showed that both the pre-processing conditions and of blanching and salt concentrations, and the processing time had varied effects on the color and hardness of the products. Hardness of the canned products generally decreased with increasing processing time and blanching time, while only minimal and insignificant effects were noted with blanching time. Increasing blanching time caused significant increasing retention of the dark green color of the peppers with only slight but insignificant increases noted with processing time, while increases in salt concentration consistently reduced the dark green color of the products. The optimum pre-processing and processing conditions that yielded products with high preference and consumer-acceptability were： blanching time of 0 min, processing time of 10 min and sodium metabisulphite concentration of 0.2%.

棉隆熏蒸后添加微生物菌剂对草莓连作土壤中真菌多样性的影响

为研究土壤消毒后添加不同微生物菌剂对草莓连作土壤中真菌多样性的影响,设置棉隆熏蒸后分别施用T1(哈茨木霉+枯草芽孢杆菌+放线菌)、T2(哈茨木霉+枯草芽孢杆菌)、T3(哈茨木霉+放线菌)、T4(CK)、T5(枯草芽孢杆菌)、T6(放线菌)、T7(哈茨木霉)7个处理,采用高通量测序平台(Illumina HiSeq 2500),对土壤真菌群落及组成进行分析。结果表明:施用微生物菌剂可以增加真菌丰度、多样性和种群数量。与CK相比,单独施加菌剂T5、T6、T7均能提高真菌群落物种丰度;而施用混合菌剂T1、T3增加了物种丰度,T2会降低物种丰度。棉隆熏蒸后施用不同微生物菌剂均可增加土壤真菌多样性;与CK相比,除T2处理中真菌种群数量减少,其他微生物菌剂土壤真菌种群数量增加了5.62%~57.54%,各处理从高到低依次为T6、T7、T3、T1、T5、T2;棉隆熏蒸后施用含有枯草芽孢杆菌、放线菌、哈茨木霉微生物菌剂处理,土壤真菌种群数量和恢复速度显著增加,尤其是蜡蚧菌属、枝鼻菌属、酵母属、曲霉属有益菌属种群恢复速度加快。综上,草莓连作土壤经棉隆熏蒸消毒后添加微生物菌剂,对于重建耕作土壤微生物区系平衡和缓解连作障碍是一种科学有效的方法。

两种微生物菌剂不同灌根次数对马铃薯疮痂病防效试验

马铃薯疮痂病是影响天水地区马铃薯产量和商品属性最主要的土传病害。为了防治该病,本研究选取格兰克和菌动力两种微生物菌剂,比较不同灌根次数对天薯13号马铃薯疮痂病的防效。结果表明,与不灌根对照相比,微生物菌剂灌根处理均能提高马铃薯的产量,增产率为0.5%~21.5%;且能有效降低马铃薯疮痂病的发生率,对疮痂病的防效为44.8%~88.2%。其中,格兰克灌根两次(现蕾期和开花期各灌根1次)和菌动力灌根1次(现蕾期灌根1次)两个处理的效果较好,马铃薯产量分别较对照增加14.5%和21.5%,对马铃薯疮痂病的防效分别为88.2%和78.7%。

有机肥+生物炭+微生物菌剂配施对烤烟多酚和化学成分的影响

以云烟87为研究对象,采用三因素三水平正交试验设计,设置3个生物炭(900、1800、2700 kg/hm^(2))、3个微生物菌剂(30、60、90 kg/hm^(2))和3种有机肥(羊粪肥、芝麻饼肥、菜籽饼肥)组合成9个处理,并以无机肥为对照处理,研究了上述因素对烤后烟叶多酚类和常规化学成分的影响。结果表明:生物炭施用量是影响烤烟的多酚和化学成分含量的主效因素,随着生物炭施用量的增加,烟叶的总糖、还原糖及各种多酚类物质含量均有所增加,施用2700 kg/hm^(2)生物炭的整体表现较优。微生物菌剂也是重要的影响因素,随着微生物菌剂施用量的增加,烟叶的总糖、还原糖、多酚类、绿原酸含量均有所增加,施用60 kg/hm^(2)微生物菌剂的整体表现较优。施用有机肥的影响则较小,其中,羊粪肥的表现相对较好。综上,最佳组合方式为2700 kg/hm^(2)生物炭+60 kg/hm^(2)微生物菌剂+羊粪肥,并且将其可应用于凉山产区烤烟的施肥管理中。