Microbiological and Physico-Chemical Analysis of the Waters of the “Mamouwol” Stream in the Urban District of Mamou (Republic of Guinea)

Water is essential to life and to the sustainable socio-economic development of a nation, It is therefore interesting to have a better knowledge of the quality of this water. The aim was to determine the degree of microbiological and physico-chemical pollution of the water of the “Mamouwol” river in the town of Mamou. To do this, we chose four (4) sampling sites spread throughout the town of Mamou. During the month of March (2024), 4 water samples were analyzed to monitor the water quality of this river. The average values of the flora analyzed show that these water are heavily contaminated with bacteria indicative of fecal and metal pollution. This study showed that sites: Mam4;Mam2 and Mam1 contain the highest loads, with Total Coliform counts ranging from 1534 CFU/100 ml to 2100 CFU/100 ml, the number of faecal coliforms varies between 526 and 1240 CFU/100 ml, and that of faecal streptococci between 526 and 841 CFU/100 ml. Metal content, BOD5 and COD all comply with the laboratory’s analysis criteria, although they vary from point to point.

Microbiological Contamination of Fresh Chicken Meat in the Retail Stores

The aim of this study was to assess the hygienic properties of swabs taken from the arm and coat of workers, work surfaces, refrigerated display cases, trays and packaging materials. As well as the safe properties of samples of fresh chicken meat (wing, drumstick, chest) and chicken internal organs (heart and liver) from two butcheries. One of the goals was to determine whether education on hygienic conditions was carried out, influenced the hygienic condition of swabs and safety samples of fresh chicken meat offal. The results of the analysis showed that on the first day of sampling, the largest number of aerobic mesophilic bacteria were found in the swabs of the arm (butcher A-8.15 × 102 CFU/ml), butcher (B-17.88 × 102 CFU/ml) and the smallest in the packaging material (0.03 × 102 CFU/ml). Comparing the results of the first and thirtieth sampling day was a visible decrease in the number of aerobic mesophilic bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae for all examined swabs from both butchers. In the samples of fresh chicken meat, the number of aerobic mesophilic bacteria during the first sampling was the highest in the drumstick samples (4.75 × 103 CFU/ml) slightly less in the samples of the wing (3.78 × 103 CFU/ml) in the butcher A, in the same time in the butcher B was 3.82 × 103 CFU/ml. Microbiological analyzes samples of the thirtieth day showed that Escherichia coli has been found in both butchers in drumsticks A-0.8 CFU/ml, B butcher 0.4 CFU/ml. and offal butcher A 0.6 CFU/ml, butcher B 0.7 CFU/ml, but less than the first day. It is important to say that education of workers in butcher shops has shown that it can improve good hygiene practices in butcher shops and safety of fresh chicken meat. Education in Good Hygiene Practice has positive impact on safety of fresh chicken meat in examined butcheries.

Study of the Activation Process of a 2 m3 Pilot Biodigester on a Microfarm Site

A domestic balloon-type digester with 1200 liters of substrate and a 700-litre gas reserve was installed at the Université Gaston Berger pilot farm, which has 4 cows. After an initial load of 1000 L of water, 90 L of bovine rumen and 145 L of cow dung, the functional parameters of the reaction medium, i.e., temperature, pH, salinity and conductimetry, were regularly monitored at a rate of 3 tests per day until the thirtieth day, corresponding to the flame test and the start of analysis and daily loading of the biodigester. The analysis of the biogas obtained after the flame test showed us the considerable contribution of bovine hindquarters to the CH4 fraction, which reached 72.2% from the start of the production phase. As anaerobic digestion is both a complex and multiparametric process, microbiological analysis revealed the presence of several strains of bacteria in the substrate used. Among the most abundant were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli and Enterococcus sp. However, the bacterial strain that interests us most in anaerobic digestion is the non-fermentative Gram-negative family. We see the identification and temporal monitoring of these families of bacteria as a major step forward in the control of anaerobic fermentation processes in the Sahelian context and in Senegal in particular.

Spatiotemporal Portrait of the Quality of Water Supplied by REGIDESO/Butembo, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Access to drinking water is still a daily struggle for millions of people living mainly in developing countries. As a matter of concern, the main problem with regard to the use of safe drinking water mainly concerns its physicochemical and microbiological quality. This study has been carried out with the aim of contributing to a better understanding of the spatiotemporal variability of the quality of the water supplied by two drinking water distribution system of the REGIDESO in the city of Butembo (DR Congo). Its target is to have a view on its evolution in a period of six months even after the combination of its two networks. The methodology hinges around the microbiological and physicochemical analysis of the waters of eight sites identified on these networks. It results from this study that almost the treated water samples presented values, which did not comply with the WHO quality guidelines for many microbiological physicochemical parameters. Thus, the means of bio-indicators numbers are as following: Germs revivable at 37 oC (29.36 > 10 CFU/ml), total coliforms (21.89 > 0 CFU/ml), thermo-tolerant coliforms (3.53 > 0 CFU/ml,) Escherichia coli (1.25 > 0 CFU/ml) and enterococci (0.14 > 0 CFU/ml) while, for the Salmonella and Shigella (0.3056 > 0 CFU/ml). In addition, only the 3/5 (e.g. 60%) of the mean numbers of Enterococci and numbers of Salmonella & Shigella of the treated water samples fit WHO norms. Moreover, seven physicochemical parameters presented general averages far from the admissible maximal values (AMV). There are Ammonia (1.67 > 0.5 mg/L), Ammonium (0.32 > 0.3 mg /L), Iron (0.36 > 0.3 mg/l), Nitrate (55.94 > 50 mg /L), pH (6.03 < 6.5 - 8.5), Water Temperature (21.12 > 8oC - 15oC) and Turbidity (6.57 > 5 N.T.U). This reveals a high exposure of the population of Butembo to the health risk related to the use (consumption) of this water.