Objective：To systematically review the updated information about the gut microbiota-brain axis.Data Sources：All articles about gut microbiota-brain axis published up to July 18,2016,were identified through a literat...Objective：To systematically review the updated information about the gut microbiota-brain axis.Data Sources：All articles about gut microbiota-brain axis published up to July 18,2016,were identified through a literature search on PubMed,ScienceDirect,and Web of Science,with the keywords of＂gut microbiota＂,＂gut-brain axis＂,and ＂neuroscience＂.Study Selection：All relevant articles on gut microbiota and gut-brain axis were included and carefully reviewed,with no limitation of study design.Results：It is well-recognized that gut microbiota affects the brain＆#39;s physiological,behavioral,and cognitive functions although its precise mechanism has not yet been fully understood.Gut microbiota-brain axis may include gut microbiota and their metabolic products,enteric nervous system,sympathetic and parasympathetic branches within the autonomic nervous system,neural-immune system,neuroendocrine system,and central nervous system.Moreover,there may be five communication routes between gut microbiota and brain,including the gut-brain＆#39;s neural network,neuroendocrine-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis,gut immune system,some neurotransmitters and neural regulators synthesized by gut bacteria,and barrier paths including intestinal mucosal barrier and blood-brain barrier.The microbiome is used to define the composition and functional characteristics of gut microbiota,and metagenomics is an appropriate technique to characterize gut microbiota.Conclusions：Gut microbiota-brain axis refers to a bidirectional information network between the gut microbiota and the brain,which may provide a new way to protect the brain in the near future.展开更多
目的探讨日间过度思睡(excessive daytime sleepiness,EDS)人群的肠道菌群变化特点。方法利用全基因组关联分析(genome-wide association study,GWAS)数据进行两样本孟德尔随机化分析,将肠道菌群作为暴露因素,EDS作为结局因素,以单核苷...目的探讨日间过度思睡(excessive daytime sleepiness,EDS)人群的肠道菌群变化特点。方法利用全基因组关联分析(genome-wide association study,GWAS)数据进行两样本孟德尔随机化分析,将肠道菌群作为暴露因素,EDS作为结局因素,以单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotidepolymorphism,SNP)作为工具变量,使用多种方法筛查EDS的潜在致病肠道微生物。通过使用不同的敏感度分析,确保孟德尔随机化分析结果的稳健性。结果综合多重分析结果,发现丁酸单胞菌、消化球菌、嗜胆菌、厌氧菌、瘤胃球菌和粪球菌在EDS人群中的丰度相对较高,而颤螺旋菌和脱硫弧菌的丰度相对较低。结论EDS人群存在肠道菌群失调,通过改变饮食结构、使用益生菌等措施调整肠道菌群结构是否可改善EDS有待于今后进一步研究证实。展开更多
基金This study was supported by grants from Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals Clinical Medicine Development of Special Funding Support （No. XMLX201401）, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 81301138）, National High-Tech R＆D Program of China （863 Program, No. 2015AA020514）, National Hundred, Thousand, and Ten Thousand Talents Project of Beijing （No. 2010-005）.
文摘Objective：To systematically review the updated information about the gut microbiota-brain axis.Data Sources：All articles about gut microbiota-brain axis published up to July 18,2016,were identified through a literature search on PubMed,ScienceDirect,and Web of Science,with the keywords of＂gut microbiota＂,＂gut-brain axis＂,and ＂neuroscience＂.Study Selection：All relevant articles on gut microbiota and gut-brain axis were included and carefully reviewed,with no limitation of study design.Results：It is well-recognized that gut microbiota affects the brain＆#39;s physiological,behavioral,and cognitive functions although its precise mechanism has not yet been fully understood.Gut microbiota-brain axis may include gut microbiota and their metabolic products,enteric nervous system,sympathetic and parasympathetic branches within the autonomic nervous system,neural-immune system,neuroendocrine system,and central nervous system.Moreover,there may be five communication routes between gut microbiota and brain,including the gut-brain＆#39;s neural network,neuroendocrine-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis,gut immune system,some neurotransmitters and neural regulators synthesized by gut bacteria,and barrier paths including intestinal mucosal barrier and blood-brain barrier.The microbiome is used to define the composition and functional characteristics of gut microbiota,and metagenomics is an appropriate technique to characterize gut microbiota.Conclusions：Gut microbiota-brain axis refers to a bidirectional information network between the gut microbiota and the brain,which may provide a new way to protect the brain in the near future.
