A Successful Microbound Diet for the Larval Culture of Chinese Shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis

A 13-day feeding trial was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of a microbound diet for rearing the larvae ofChinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis in comparison with the live foods that consist of Isochrysis galbana, Chlorella vul-garis, Tetraselmis chuii, rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis) and Artemia sp. Larvae of 0 to 13d post-hatch (dph) were reared ina temperature-controlled semi-open culture system and stocked at a density of 100 larvae L-1 in tanks, each containing 50 Lsterilized seawater with salinity 30-32. Larvae were manually fed either the live foods or the microbound diet 6 times perday. At 13 dph, the growth of the larvae fed on the microbound diet was approximately 84% of that fed on the live foods.The survival rate of the larvae fed on the microbound diet was 44.29% at 13 dph, which was not significantly different fromthat of larvae fed on live foods (63.55%). The body length and development index (DI) of the larvae fed on the microbounddiet were always lower than those of larvae fed on live foods. However, the differences reached significant levels only at 11and 13dph (P<0.05). The mean dry weight loss of the microbound diet was 9.2% after 90min immersion in seawater, indi-cating that this diet has a good water stability. The microbound diet contains 52.23% crude protein and 10.27% lipid and iseasy to prepare. These characteristics of the diet suggest good potentials for its successful use in the larviculture of other pe-naeid and fish species.

鱼肉水解蛋白对大黄鱼稚鱼存活、生长以及体组成的影响

以初始体重（1．6±0．18）mg的大黄鱼（Pseudosciaena crocea Richardson）稚鱼（12日龄）为实验对象，在室内水族箱中进行为期30d的摄食生长实验。以白鱼粉为主要蛋白源，通过双酶水解制得鱼肉水解蛋白（FPH，粗蛋白72％），分别以鱼肉水解蛋白替代0％、25％、50％和75％的鱼粉蛋白配制出4种等氮等能的实验微颗粒饲料，同时，以生物饵料（冷藏桡足类）为对照组，研究饲料中不同鱼肉水解蛋白对大黄鱼存活、生长以及体组成的影响。实验结果表明，当以FPH替代25％的鱼粉蛋白时，其存活率（32．6％）显著高于其余的各替代水平（P〈0．05），但与生物饵料组（33．2％）之间差异不显著（P〉0．05）。随着饲料中FPH替代水平的升高，实验鱼的特定生长率（SGR）逐渐下降，但当替代水平为25％时，其SGR（10．5％day^-1）与全鱼粉组（10．4％day^-1）和生物饵料组（10．3％day^-1）之间没有出现显著差异（P〉0．05）。体成分分析结果表明随着饲料中FPH替代水平的升高，鱼体干物质、粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量均有显著降低（P〈0．05）的趋势。脂肪酸的分析结果也表明随着饲料中FPH升高，鱼体的二十碳五烯酸（EPA）、二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）含量均有显著降低的趋势（P〈0．05）。本研究结果表明以适宜水平的鱼肉水解蛋白替代鱼粉蛋白，将显著提高大黄鱼稚鱼存活率，可能有利于其生长，而过高的替代水平则起到阻碍作用。在大黄鱼微颗粒饲料中FPH替代鱼粉蛋白在0％～25％之间是否能更有利于大黄鱼稚鱼的存活、生长和发育尚有待于进一步研究。

海水仔稚鱼微粒饲料微观形态和水中稳定性的比较研究

采用不同的方法制备海水仔稚鱼微粒饲料,并对其微观形态和水中稳定性进行分析比较。锐孔凝固浴法制备的微胶囊饲料粒径较大,表面粗糙、凹陷,有许多裂缝;流化床方法制备的微胶囊饲料形状不规则,表面有一层光滑一致的包衣膜,氮保留率为52.2%;挤出滚圆-流化床方法制备的微胶囊饲料为近似的球形,结构较为致密,表面为一层均匀一致的包衣膜,氮保留率为43.9%;喷雾干燥法制备的微胶囊饲料为近似的球形,表面有皱褶和凹陷,氮保留率为36.0%;挤出-破碎法制备的微黏饲料形状不规则,结构较致密,氮保留率为23.6%;筛分法制备的微黏饲料形态不规则,原料杂乱的黏合在一起,氮保留率为15.2%。结果显示,流化床方法和挤出滚圆-流化床法更适合制备海水仔稚鱼微胶囊饲料。

水产动物微颗粒饲料加工工艺研究进展

水产动物幼体微颗粒饲料是近些年来国内外研究开发的热点,文中综述了国际上较为流行的几种微颗粒饲料造粒工艺,包括微黏合工艺、微包膜工艺、聚合反应工艺、相分离技术造粒工艺、物理机械法造粒以及混合法造粒工艺。微颗粒饲料制粒工艺是微颗粒饲料产业乃至水产育苗行业的关键技术,其进一步发展有赖于制粒工艺技术研究和水产动物幼苗营养及消化生理研究的综合进展。

微脱粘法研究等离子处理的高模量聚乙烯纤维的粘结性

对等离子处理后的高模量聚乙烯纤维的表面形态、表面官能团和与环氧树脂的粘结性进行了研究。相关参数是平均界面剪切应力和临界嵌入长度。微粘法固有的数据分散是纤维结构和表面缺陷造成的。实验结果表明 ,等离子处理后 ,纤维表面出现了明显的刻痕 ,官能团含量增加 ,界面剪切强度随等离子处理时间而增加。

Comparative Study on the Leaching Dynamic Properties of Five Kinds of Microparticulate forms of Vitamin B_1

With an aim to reduce leaching of water soluble vitamins, the leaching properties of five kinds of microparticulate forms of vitamin B 1 are investigated by means of dynamic system. These microparticles include: alginate and alginate CMC microcapsules prepared by emulsion coacervation process (ECP), alginate and gelatin microcapsules prepared by spray drying process (SDP), and alginate microbound. The results show these five microparticulate forms of VB 1 can reduce leaching significantly compared to crystalline form VB 1, and the leaching rates at different intervals, diameters and encapsulation efficiencies ( EE ) are significantly different among all kinds of microparticles (ANOVA, P <0.05). The leaching properties of the five microparticles are in accord with Higuchi equation. Based on the regression equation, the half loss time ( T 50 ) is determined.In conclusion, the alginate CMC microencapsule is a potential tool to reduce leaching of water soluble vitamins.