Suppression of multiple modal resonances of a cantilever beam by an impact damper

Impact dampers are usually used to suppress single mode resonance. The goal of this paper is to clarify the difference when the impact damper suppresses the resonances of different modes. A cantilever beam equipped with the impact damper is modeled. The elastic contact of the ball and the cantilever beam is described by using the Hertz contact model. The viscous damper between the ball and the cantilever beam is modeled to consume the vibrational energy of the cantilever beam. A piecewise ordinary differential-partial differential equation of the cantilever beam is established, including equations with and without the impact damper. The vibration responses of the cantilever beam with and without the impact damper are numerically calculated. The effects of the impact absorber parameters on the vibration reduction are examined. The results show that multiple resonance peaks of the cantilever beam can be effectively suppressed by the impact damper. Specifically, all resonance amplitudes can be reduced by a larger weight ball. Moreover, the impacting gap is very effective in suppressing the vibration of the cantilever beam. More importantly, there is an optimal impacting gap for each resonance mode of the cantilever beam, but the optimal gap for each mode is different.

Experimental Investigation into Magnetorheological Damper Subjected to Impact Loads

A good mechanical model of magnetorheological damper (MRD) is essential to predict the shock isolation performance of MRD in numerical simulation. But at present, the mechanical models of MRD were all derived from the experiment subjected to harmonic vibration loads. In this paper, a commercial MRD (type RD-1005-3) manufactured by Lord Corporation was studied ex-perimentally in order to investigate its isolation performance under the impact loads. A new me-chanical model of MRD was proposed according to the data obtained by impact test. A good agreement between the numerical results and test data was observed, which showed that the model was good to simulate the dynamic properties of MRD under impact loads. It is also demon-strated that MRD can improve the acceleration and displacement response of the structure obvi-ously under impact loads.

一种新型引磁式磁流变阻尼器研究

针对特定结构限制下磁流变阻尼器工作性能的优化问题,在传统磁流变阻尼器的基础上设计了一种新型引磁式磁流变阻尼器,建立了磁场与流场耦合动力学模型;以输出阻尼力和动态可调系数为优目标函数,基于多目标遗传算法对该型磁流变阻尼器内部活塞进行了优化;建立了多物理场耦合模型并进行了仿真和冲击试验。仿真结果表明:在相同外形尺寸条件下,新型磁流变阻尼器的有效阻尼通道长度为64 mm,相比普通磁流变阻尼器提高了60%;新型磁流变阻尼器的力学特性与动态可调性更加优越,当施加2.0 A电流、活塞运动速度为0.09 m/s时,新型磁流变阻尼器的输出阻尼力为55.9 kN,相比普通磁流变阻尼器(32.4 kN)提高了72.5%;施加不同大小电流时新型磁流变阻尼器的峰值压力与吸能容量均明显高于普通磁流变阻尼器。冲击试验结果表明:当施加2.0 A的电流、冲击速度为2.45 m/s时,相比普通磁流变阻尼器,其峰值压力达到11.64 MPa、峰值压力提高约41%。峰值压力试验结果与仿真结果对比表明:仿真结果和试验结果的趋势是一致的,其相对误差在0.1之内,表明了仿真模型的有效性。

带碰撞的惯质调谐质量阻尼器对斜拉索涡激振动控制研究

在以往惯质调谐质量阻尼器(tuned mass damper-inerter, TMDI)的研究基础上,引入非线性碰撞机制,提出一种带碰撞的新型惯质调谐质量阻尼器(pounding tuned mass damper-inerter, PTMDI)来对斜拉索的涡激振动进行控制。该阻尼器不仅能减小装置尺寸,又能利用振子在碰撞过程中产生的加速度突变来提高惯质器的质量放大效应,在一定程度上解决传统惯质型阻尼器一端尽量固接的安装方式,布置上更为灵活。建立了设有该装置的斜拉索涡激减振控制方程,分析了拉索涡激振动特性,并对其减振性能进行了研究。对阻尼器惯容参数和碰撞参数的影响及优化问题进行了探讨,给出了最优参数的取值方法。算例表明,所提PTMDI能显著降低斜拉索的涡激振动响应,且在所提优化方法得到的最优参数下具有更为优越的控制能力。对于常遇风时拉索出现的多模态涡激振动控制分析表明,碰撞机制能使PTMDI的鲁棒性得到提升,对多模态涡激振动也有相当程度的控制效果。

机动飞行下磁流变阻尼器-转子系统动力学特性

航空发动机在机动飞行过程中,工作条件非常恶劣,飞行过程会产生不规则的瞬态振动,易引发故障。采用有限元法建立机动飞行下基于双线性本构方程的磁流变阻尼器-转子系统有限元模型,并利用Newmark-β数值方法进行求解,研究转子系统在机动飞行过程中的动态特性。在此基础上,考虑磁流变阻尼器作用,研究其对冲击载荷下转子系统瞬态及稳态响应的影响。结果表明,机动飞行开始和结束瞬间会产生瞬态冲击,激发转子系统一阶模态响应。在合适的电流作用下,变阻尼器可以有效抑制机动飞行过程中转子系统瞬态及稳态响应。此外,在机动飞行下,由于轴颈离心率较大,易导致磁流变阻尼器产生非线性行为。

直升机超临界尾传动轴干摩擦阻尼器碰摩响应边界特性分析

为最大化提高直升机功重比,越来越多的直升机设计中应用了超临界尾传动系统,这一系统会导致跨临界振动的产生。安装干摩擦阻尼器是一种常见的抑制直升机尾传动轴跨临界剧烈振动的方法。以某装有干摩擦阻尼器的尾传动轴为研究对象,建立控制方程,并分析系统在传动轴偏心激励下各类碰摩响应的边界特性。建立传动轴/阻尼器系统的非线性控制方程;依据扫频获得系统典型碰摩响应特征,使用解析法针对无碰摩响应求解碰摩发生边界,并对同频全周碰摩响应求解其稳定性条件的边界;通过Runge-Kutta法验证了所推导的响应边界,并探讨了响应边界与系统参数的影响关系。

非稳态工况下外圈带有ERSFD的圆柱滚子轴承保持架动态特性

为降低航空发动机主轴传动系统的振动,通常将弹性环、挤压油膜阻尼器与圆柱滚子轴承联合使用。基于滚动轴承动力学理论和流体力学控制方程,建立了外圈带有弹性环式挤压油膜阻尼器(ERSFD)的圆柱滚子轴承动力学分析模型,采用GSTIFF预估-校正变步长积分法对动力学微分方程组进行求解,分析转速、冲击载荷以及弹性环结构参数(凸台宽度、凸台数量)对外圈带有ERSFD的圆柱滚子轴承保持架动态特性的影响,结果表明:外圈带有ERSFD的圆柱滚子轴承保持架稳定性高于普通圆柱滚子轴承;转速和冲击载荷对保持架动态特性影响较大,保持架打滑率随着转速的增大而增大,随着轴承所受冲击载荷的增大而减小;过大或过小的弹性环凸台数量与宽度都不利于圆柱滚子轴承保持架的稳定性,需要选择合适的凸台数量和宽度。

岩石吸能锚杆本构关系理论研究现状与展望

岩石吸能锚杆有效解决了工程领域中软岩大变形和高冲击荷载的问题,在深部软岩工程中发挥着重要的作用,分别从材料和结构方面归纳和阐述了国内外典型岩石吸能锚杆的发展历程,根据岩石吸能锚杆组成方式和吸能机理,将岩石吸能锚杆分为材料型和结构型两类,总结了两类锚杆中典型岩石吸能锚杆的结构组成元件与杆体本构关系。另外还引入微型阻尼器装置,设计了一种具有高强、高韧、高吸能效率的新型阻尼器式(DTEA)岩石吸能锚杆,完成了DETA岩石吸能锚杆在静力、临界静力及高冲击3种状态下杆体本构关系理论的推导。

圆环型阻尼器防撞击性能研究

圆环型阻尼器在抗震领域已经获得了广泛的应用,但有关撞击作用下的性能研究较少。为了研究圆环型阻尼器在撞击作用下的性能,本文通过有限元软件LS-DYNA,建立了圆环形阻尼器在撞击作用下的有限元模型,对其尺寸参数——外径R_(1)和内径R_(2)进行了等质量和等撞击能量下的耗能分析。结果表明:圆环形阻尼器在撞击作用下会产生变形,吸收撞击能量,且具有较好的耗能能力。其外径R_(1)和内径R_(2)对圆环型阻尼器的撞击力,位移和能量均产生不同的影响。在外径确定的情况下,增大阻尼器的内径会使阻尼器产生的位移减小,撞击力峰值增大,持时减小;增大阻尼器的外径会使阻尼器产生的位移增大,撞击力峰值减小。研究成果可为结构防撞击装置的设计提供参考。

冲击载荷下电涡流阻尼器磁场研究

为研究冲击载荷下电涡流阻尼器的磁场特性,建立了永磁式电涡流阻尼器模型和等效磁路模型,分析了空气间隙处磁场强度与结构参数之间关系;利用有限元法对冲击载荷下电涡流阻尼器的静、动态磁场以及涡流场特性展开研究。研究发现:电涡流阻尼器静态磁场呈“几”字形,阵列式分布,冲击载荷下次级筒产生的电涡流将会与静态磁场相互作用形成一个时刻变化的“几”字形动态工作磁场,且变化情况与阻尼器受到的冲击载荷有一定关系,本文研究结果对提高冲击载荷下电涡流阻尼力控制具有一定的参考价值。

Energy Anaiysis for TMD-Structure Systems Subjected to Impact Loading

This paper investigates the characteristics of reduction of the lateral vibration by use of a Tuned Mass Damper(TMD) for offshore jacket platforms under impact loading. Unlike traditional analysis, the present analysis focnses on theenergy concept of TMD/structure systems. In this study, a time domain is taken. The platform is modeled as a simplifiedsingle-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system by extraction of the first vibration mode of the structure and the excited force isassumed to be impact loading. The energy dissipation and energy transmission of the structure-TMD system are studied.Finally, an optimized TMD design for the modeled platform is demonstrated based on a new type of cost function - maxi-mum dissipated energy by TMD. Results indicate that TMD control is effective in reducing the standard deviation of thedeck motion but less effective in reducing the maximum response under impact loading.

Experimental Evaluation of the Attenuation Effect of a Passive Damper on a Road Vehicle Bumper

To mitigate the degree of damage to passengers caused by automobile collisions, a friction damper was built and used in experimental tests to test its effectiveness in impact energy attenuation. The study revealed that energy absorption capacity of a bumper can be improved with the addition of a friction damper. The results revealed that the addition of the friction damper to an automobile bumper to give a bumper-damper system could attenuate about 32.5 % more energy than with the bumper alone. It can be concluded that the effectiveness of automobile bumpers to withstand impact of vehicles by absorbing the kinetic energy from the impact can be improved with the use of a passive friction damper. That is, a passive friction damper system could be used to attenuate more road vehicle impact energy in collisions.

Simulation and Experimental Research for Piping Damper with Plunger-type Accumulator

It can be beneficial to reduce vibrations in shipboard piping, so the authors designed a new kind of piping damper with a plunger-type accumulator.Special requirements for the piping damper included low impact displacement, low speed, as well as an appropriate locking speed.Inside the damper, a plunger-type accumulator was installed and on the outside of the piston rod, a tube with exposed corrugations was added.Between the piston and the cylinder, a clearance seal was added.Using mathematical modeling, the effects of the dynamic performance of the damper's impact displacement on vibrations were observed.Changes to the clearance between the piston and the cylinder, the stiffness of the spring in the accumulator, the throttle valve size, and locking speed resistance of the damper were respectively simulated and studied.Based on the results of the simulation, dampers with optimal parameters were developed and tested with different accumulator spring stiffnesses and different throttles.The simulation and experimental results showed that parameters such as seal clearance between piston and cylinder, accumulator spring stiffness and throttle parameters have significant effects on the damper's impact displacement, low speed resistance and locking speed.

改进型蓄能器设计与分析

为了抑制舰船舵液压系统压力冲击,提出一款新型液压减振降噪装置,将气囊、磁流变液阻尼器、阻尼孔3种常见的消振方法集成在一起。通过查阅液压手册,确定气囊的体积、压力参数;基于AMESim仿真,确定阻尼孔的数量、直径和长度;结合Lord公司生产的磁流变液阻尼器,确定磁流变液阻尼器的参数。基于AMESim,搭建改进型蓄能器仿真模型。结果表明:改进后的蓄能器在冲击模式下的插入损失大于15 dB;流量脉动模式下,当流量脉动频率大于100 Hz时,其插入损失大于10 dB;脉动频率越高,插入损失越大。

一种内部碰撞型三质量阻尼器试验验证及数值模拟分析

提出了一种新型控制装置——碰撞型三质量阻尼器(vibro-impact tri-mass damper,VITM),该装置基于三类质量阻尼器发展而成,包含一个调谐质量阻尼器、一个非线性能量阱,以及位于两者之间的自由质量,中间质量可与两侧质量发生碰撞。首先,介绍VITM工作原理,建立运动方程和碰撞模型;其次,实施动力试验,验证VITM理论模型的准确性;最后,通过数值模拟方法对VITM的耗能特点、参数影响、频率和能量鲁棒性,以及减震性能展开研究。分析结果表明:VITM主要依靠碰撞耗能,减振效果显著,无需再增设阻尼装置,且碰撞发生在装置内部,不会增加受控结构加速度;同时,VITM较已有装置具备更强的频率和能量鲁棒性,在脉冲型荷载和地震作用下均展现出优越的控制性能,为工程结构减震提供了新方法。

火炮磁流变后坐阻尼器的设计与可控性分析

以高冲击、高速环境下的某口径火炮反后坐装置为研究对象,讨论了后坐阻力对火炮静止性和射击稳定性的影响,研究了磁流变阻尼器对火炮后坐运动的控制作用。设计了火炮磁流变后坐阻尼器及冲击试验平台;考虑冲击载荷激励下惯性力的影响,建立了火炮反后坐装置动力学模型并进行了计算仿真,对所设计长行程磁流变阻尼器进行了冲击试验,测试其在冲击载荷下的动态特性,并进行了后坐过程半实物仿真控制。试验结果表明设计的长行程火炮用磁流变阻尼器可有效抑制冲击载荷激励作用,为进一步实现火炮后坐力与行程控制的一体化设计和工程应用奠定了基础。

液压阻尼器动静态性能试验台的设计研究

针对液压阻尼器特性,研制了一种同时满足其动静态性能测试的试验台,解决了该试验台面临的一系列关键技术问题。从节能的角度,采用小泵站大蓄能器组的形式,解决了动静态试验对流量要求差别巨大的矛盾;在回油路上设置蓄能器组解决了大流量对回油管路和低压元件的冲击问题;采用液压夹紧方式,使得试验空间的调节方便可靠;采用上下位机的控制模式,同时满足了数据采集速度和控制界面友好的要求。该试验台的最大输出动态力为1 000 kN,频率范围为0.01～33 H z。试验表明,该试验台较好地满足了设计要求,完全满足阻尼器的试验需求。

豆包消振器的阻尼特性研究

豆包消振器（ＢｅａｎＢａｇＤａｍｐｅｒ）是一种柔性约束的颗粒阻尼结构，它具有类似冲击阻尼和封砂结构阻尼的双重阻尼机理．因此表现出良好的减振特性．文中在描述其宏观阻尼机理的基础上，对几种不同粒度、不同材料的金属颗粒组成的豆包，在单自由度振动系统的试验模型上进行了实验研究，并用具有相同质量比的刚性质量块和散体颗粒结构进行了对比试验．

冲击载荷下磁流变阻尼器动态特性分析及模型参数辨识

对自行设计的长行程磁流变阻尼器进行了冲击试验,测试其在冲击载荷下的动态特性。通过采用非线性最小二乘法对试验数据拟合,得到基于Herschel-Bulkley磁流变液非线性本构特性的平行平板恒流模型能够准确描述,冲击载荷下后坐过程速度下降阶段磁流变阻尼器的动态特性。针对以上模型在高低速时函数表达不同且形式复杂的缺点,采用双曲正切函数描述低速时阻尼力随后坐速度平滑下降的特性,提出一种形式统一、表达简洁的磁流变阻尼器动态模型,并对模型中的参数进行了辨识。利用所提出的磁流变阻尼器动态模型,在Matlab/Simulink中建立磁流变阻尼器冲击后坐仿真平台,并对本次冲击试验进行数值仿真,结果表明仿真曲线与试验曲线吻合较好,证明以上简化模型的正确性。

某飞行器用金属橡胶材料抗冲击实验研究

以某飞行器控制部件抗冲击金属橡胶隔振器的具体需求为背景,设计了一种新型金属橡胶抗冲击阻尼器。通过对金属橡胶阻尼器抗冲击系统分析,对该抗冲击系统进行了建模与实验研究,设计了冲击实验方案,并给出了实验结果及其频谱分析。研究结果表明金属橡胶阻尼器能够有效地对冲击载荷进行隔离,为实际应用阻尼器改善飞行器抗冲击能力提供了依据。