Hash chain and its generalization—Multi-Dimensional Hash Chain (MDHC) have been widely used in the design of micropayment due to its simplicity and efficiency. In this letter, a more efficient variant of MDHC, called...Hash chain and its generalization—Multi-Dimensional Hash Chain (MDHC) have been widely used in the design of micropayment due to its simplicity and efficiency. In this letter, a more efficient variant of MDHC, called WMDHC, which endows in the structure of MDHC a weight value for each hash value through a well-defined mapping, is proposed. The average hash operation number of WMDHC is log(2 m / t ),which is better than log( m )of MDHC when the parameter t is typically suggested as t = 7.展开更多
This paper proposes a micropayment scheme designed for GSM mobile scenario, where the overload of computation, storage and communication for mobile phone is reduced by directing operations normally performed by the mo...This paper proposes a micropayment scheme designed for GSM mobile scenario, where the overload of computation, storage and communication for mobile phone is reduced by directing operations normally performed by the mobile user to the static portion of the network in view of its limited capability. Messages which received and sent during the payment are very simple and public key infrastructure is not needed, which reduces delay and removes the possibility of incomplete payment due to communications failures. Furthermore, all the information related to payment is encrypted by a shared symmetric key in our scheme, so the privacy of the mobile user is protected and the security of information is guaranteed. Compared with other mobile micropayment schemes in existence, no public-key operation is required, which minimizes the computation and storage overhead dramatically. In addition, restricted anonymous is also provided in our scheme. Key words micropayment - mobile phone - GSM - fairness CLC number TP 309.2 Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (90104033)Biography: FU Xiong (1968-), male, Ph.D. candidate, research direction information security, electronic payment and modern cryptography.展开更多
Micropayment schemes usually do not provide fairness, which means that either the customer or the merchant, or both, can cheat each other and gain a financial advantage by misusing the protocols. This paper proposes a...Micropayment schemes usually do not provide fairness, which means that either the customer or the merchant, or both, can cheat each other and gain a financial advantage by misusing the protocols. This paper proposes an efficient hash chain-based micropayment scheme, which is an offline, prepaid scheme that supports simpler divisibility of digital coins. In the execution of payment protocol, the customer’s dis- bursement and the merchant’s submittal are performed step by step, whoever cannot gain addition profits even if he breaks off the transaction. The hash chain can also be used for transactions with different mer- chants. Unlike other micropayment schemes, e.g., PayWord, no public-key operation is required,which im- proves the efficiency. The scheme also provides restricted anonymity.展开更多
While Bitcoin gains increasing popularity in different payment scenarios,the transaction fees make it difficult to be applied to micropayment.Given the wide applicability of micropayment,it is crucial for all cryptocu...While Bitcoin gains increasing popularity in different payment scenarios,the transaction fees make it difficult to be applied to micropayment.Given the wide applicability of micropayment,it is crucial for all cryptocurrencies including Bitcoin to provide effective support therein.In light of this,a number of low-cost micropayment schemes for Bitcoin have been proposed recently to reduce micropayment costs.Existing schemes,however,suffer from drawbacks such as high computation cost,inflexible payment value,and possibly unfair exchanges.The paper proposes two new micropayment schemes,namely the basic MicroBTC and the advanced MicroBTC,for Bitcoin by integrating the hash chain technique into cryptocurrency transactions.The basic MicroBTC realizes micropayment by exposing hash pre-images on the hash chain one by one,and it can also make arbitrary micropayments by exposing multiple hash pre-images.We further design the advanced MicroBTC to achieve non-interactive refund and efficient hash chain verification.We analyze the complexity and security of the both MicroBTC schemes and implement them using the Bitcoin source code.Extensive experiments were conducted to validate their performance,and the result showed that a micropayment session can be processed within about 18 ms for the basic MicroBTC and 9 ms for the advanced MicroBTC on a laptop.Both schemes enjoy great efficiency in computation and flexibility in micropayments,and they also achieve fairness for both the payer and the payee.展开更多
Using the idea of Payword, the new concept of master-slave payword chain （MSPC） is proposed in this article. MSPC consists of one master payword chain and one slave payword chain. On the basis of MSPC, a new micropa...Using the idea of Payword, the new concept of master-slave payword chain （MSPC） is proposed in this article. MSPC consists of one master payword chain and one slave payword chain. On the basis of MSPC, a new micropayment protocol called discrete micropayment protocol （DMP）, is presented in this article. DMP consists of three sub-protocols： registration, payment, and settlement. Both part fairness and non-unit-wise payment can be provided by DMP.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.60373041 & 90104034) and the Research Foundation for Outstanding Young Teachers, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan).
文摘Hash chain and its generalization—Multi-Dimensional Hash Chain (MDHC) have been widely used in the design of micropayment due to its simplicity and efficiency. In this letter, a more efficient variant of MDHC, called WMDHC, which endows in the structure of MDHC a weight value for each hash value through a well-defined mapping, is proposed. The average hash operation number of WMDHC is log(2 m / t ),which is better than log( m )of MDHC when the parameter t is typically suggested as t = 7.
文摘This paper proposes a micropayment scheme designed for GSM mobile scenario, where the overload of computation, storage and communication for mobile phone is reduced by directing operations normally performed by the mobile user to the static portion of the network in view of its limited capability. Messages which received and sent during the payment are very simple and public key infrastructure is not needed, which reduces delay and removes the possibility of incomplete payment due to communications failures. Furthermore, all the information related to payment is encrypted by a shared symmetric key in our scheme, so the privacy of the mobile user is protected and the security of information is guaranteed. Compared with other mobile micropayment schemes in existence, no public-key operation is required, which minimizes the computation and storage overhead dramatically. In addition, restricted anonymous is also provided in our scheme. Key words micropayment - mobile phone - GSM - fairness CLC number TP 309.2 Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (90104033)Biography: FU Xiong (1968-), male, Ph.D. candidate, research direction information security, electronic payment and modern cryptography.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 90104033)
文摘Micropayment schemes usually do not provide fairness, which means that either the customer or the merchant, or both, can cheat each other and gain a financial advantage by misusing the protocols. This paper proposes an efficient hash chain-based micropayment scheme, which is an offline, prepaid scheme that supports simpler divisibility of digital coins. In the execution of payment protocol, the customer’s dis- bursement and the merchant’s submittal are performed step by step, whoever cannot gain addition profits even if he breaks off the transaction. The hash chain can also be used for transactions with different mer- chants. Unlike other micropayment schemes, e.g., PayWord, no public-key operation is required,which im- proves the efficiency. The scheme also provides restricted anonymity.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.61370027 and 61832012.
文摘While Bitcoin gains increasing popularity in different payment scenarios,the transaction fees make it difficult to be applied to micropayment.Given the wide applicability of micropayment,it is crucial for all cryptocurrencies including Bitcoin to provide effective support therein.In light of this,a number of low-cost micropayment schemes for Bitcoin have been proposed recently to reduce micropayment costs.Existing schemes,however,suffer from drawbacks such as high computation cost,inflexible payment value,and possibly unfair exchanges.The paper proposes two new micropayment schemes,namely the basic MicroBTC and the advanced MicroBTC,for Bitcoin by integrating the hash chain technique into cryptocurrency transactions.The basic MicroBTC realizes micropayment by exposing hash pre-images on the hash chain one by one,and it can also make arbitrary micropayments by exposing multiple hash pre-images.We further design the advanced MicroBTC to achieve non-interactive refund and efficient hash chain verification.We analyze the complexity and security of the both MicroBTC schemes and implement them using the Bitcoin source code.Extensive experiments were conducted to validate their performance,and the result showed that a micropayment session can be processed within about 18 ms for the basic MicroBTC and 9 ms for the advanced MicroBTC on a laptop.Both schemes enjoy great efficiency in computation and flexibility in micropayments,and they also achieve fairness for both the payer and the payee.
文摘Using the idea of Payword, the new concept of master-slave payword chain （MSPC） is proposed in this article. MSPC consists of one master payword chain and one slave payword chain. On the basis of MSPC, a new micropayment protocol called discrete micropayment protocol （DMP）, is presented in this article. DMP consists of three sub-protocols： registration, payment, and settlement. Both part fairness and non-unit-wise payment can be provided by DMP.
