Hearing loss is the third leading cause of human disability.Age-related hearing loss,one type of acquired sensorineural hearing loss,is largely responsible for this escalating global health burden.Noise-induced,ototox...Hearing loss is the third leading cause of human disability.Age-related hearing loss,one type of acquired sensorineural hearing loss,is largely responsible for this escalating global health burden.Noise-induced,ototoxic,and idiopathic sudden sensorineural are other less common types of acquired hearing loss.The etiology of these conditions is complex and multi-fa ctorial involving an interplay of genetic and environmental factors.Oxidative stress has recently been proposed as a likely linking cause in most types of acquired sensorineural hearing loss.Short non-coding RNA sequences known as microRNAs(miRNAs)have increasingly been shown to play a role in cellular hypoxia and oxidative stress responses including promoting an apoptotic response.Sensory hair cell death is a central histopathological finding in sensorineural hearing loss.As these cells do not regenerate in humans,it underlies the irreversibility of human age-related hearing loss.Ovid EMBASE,Ovid MEDLINE,Web of Science Core Collection,and ClinicalTrials.gov databases over the period August 1,2018 to July 31,2023 were searched with"hearing loss,""hypoxamiRs,""hypoxia,""microRNAs,""ischemia,"and"oxidative stress"text words for English language primary study publications or registered clinical trials.Registe red clinical trials known to the senior author we re also assessed.A total of 222studies were thus identified.After excluding duplicates,editorials,retra ctions,secondary research studies,and non-English language articles,39 primary studies and clinical trials underwent full-text screening.This resulted in 11 animal,in vitro,and/or human subject journal articles and 8 registered clinical trial database entries which form the basis of this narrative review.MiRNAs miR-34a and miR-29b levels increase with age in mice.These miRNAs were demonstrated in human neuroblastoma and murine cochlear cell lines to target Sirtuin 1/peroxisome proliferato r-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1-alpha(SIRT1/P GC-1α),SIRT1p53,and SIRT1/hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha signaling pathways resulting in increased apoptosis.Furthermore,hypoxia and oxidative stress had a similar adve rse apoptotic effect,which was inhibited by resve ratrol and a myocardial inhibitorassociated transcript,a miR-29b competing endogenous mRNA.Gentamicin reduced miR-182-5p levels and increased cochlear oxidative stress and cell death in mice-an effect that was corrected by inner ear stem cell-derived exosomes.There is ongoing work seeking to determine if these findings can be effectively translated to humans.展开更多
Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental disorder caused by exposure to severe traumatic life events.Currently,there are no validated biomarkers or laboratory tests that can distinguish between trauma survivors with...Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental disorder caused by exposure to severe traumatic life events.Currently,there are no validated biomarkers or laboratory tests that can distinguish between trauma survivors with and without post-traumatic stress disorder.In addition,the heterogeneity of clinical presentations of post-traumatic stress disorder and the overlap of symptoms with other conditions can lead to misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment.Evidence suggests that this condition is a multisystem disorder that affects many biological systems,raising the possibility that peripheral markers of disease may be used to diagnose post-traumatic stress disorder.We performed a PubMed search for microRNAs(miRNAs)in post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)that could serve as diagnostic biomarkers and found 18 original research articles on studies performed with human patients and published January 2012 to December 2023.These included four studies with whole blood,seven with peripheral blood mononuclear cells,four with plasma extracellular vesicles/exosomes,and one with serum exosomes.One of these studies had also used whole plasma.Two studies were excluded as they did not involve microRNA biomarkers.Most of the studies had collected samples from adult male Veterans who had returned from deployment and been exposed to combat,and only two were from recently traumatized adult subjects.In measuring miRNA expression levels,many of the studies had used microarray miRNA analysis,miRNA Seq analysis,or NanoString panels.Only six studies had used real time polymerase chain reaction assay to determine/validate miRNA expression in PTSD subjects compared to controls.The miRNAs that were found/validated in these studies may be considered as potential candidate biomarkers for PTSD and include miR-3130-5p in whole blood;miR-193a-5p,-7113-5p,-125a,-181c,and-671-5p in peripheral blood mononuclear cells;miR-10b-5p,-203a-3p,-4488,-502-3p,-874-3p,-5100,and-7641 in plasma extracellular vesicles/exosomes;and miR-18a-3p and-7-1-5p in blood plasma.Several important limitations identified in the studies need to be taken into account in future studies.Further studies are warranted with war veterans and recently traumatized children,adolescents,and adults having PTSD and use of animal models subjected to various stressors and the effects of suppressing or overexpressing specific microRNAs.展开更多
Abnormal expression of microRNAs is connected to brain development and disease and could provide novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of bipolar disorder. We performed a PubMed search for microRNA biomarke...Abnormal expression of microRNAs is connected to brain development and disease and could provide novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of bipolar disorder. We performed a PubMed search for microRNA biomarkers in bipolar disorder and found 18 original research articles on studies performed with human patients and published from January 2011 to June 2023. These studies included microRNA profiling in bloodand brain-based materials. From the studies that had validated the preliminary findings,potential candidate biomarkers for bipolar disorder in adults could be miR-140-3p,-30d-5p,-330-5p,-378a-5p,-21-3p,-330-3p,-345-5p in whole blood, miR-19b-3p,-1180-3p,-125a-5p, let-7e-5p in blood plasma, and miR-7-5p,-23b-5p,-142-3p,-221-5p,-370-3p in the blood serum. Two of the studies had investigated the changes in microRNA expression of patients with bipolar disorder receiving treatment. One showed a significant increase in plasma miR-134 compared to baseline after 4 weeks of treatment which included typical antipsychotics, atypical antipsychotics, and benzodiazepines. The other study had assessed the effects of prescribed medications which included neurotransmitter receptorsite binders(drug class B) and sedatives, hypnotics, anticonvulsants, and analgesics(drug class C) on microRNA results. The combined effects of the two drug classes increased the significance of the results for miR-219 and-29c with miR-30e-3p and-526b* acquiring significance. MicroRNAs were tested to see if they could serve as biomarkers of bipolar disorder at different clinical states of mania, depression, and euthymia. One study showed that upregulation in whole blood of miR-9-5p,-29a-3p,-106a-5p,-106b-5p,-107,-125a-3p,-125b-5p and of miR-107,-125a-3p occurred in manic and euthymic patients compared to controls, respectively, and that upregulation of miR-106a-5p,-107 was found for manic compared to euthymic patients. In two other studies using blood plasma,downregulation of miR-134 was observed in manic patients compared to controls, and dysregulation of miR-134,-152,-607,-633,-652,-155 occurred in euthymic patients compared to controls. Finally, microRNAs such as miR-34a,-34b,-34c,-137, and-140-3p,-21-3p,-30d-5p,-330-5p,-378a-5p,-134,-19b-3p were shown to have diagnostic potential in distinguishing bipolar disorder patients from schizophrenia or major depressive disorder patients, respectively. Further studies are warranted with adolescents and young adults having bipolar disorder and consideration should be given to using animal models of the disorder to investigate the effects of suppressing or overexpressing specific microRNAs.展开更多
microRNAs(miRNAs)是一类小RNA分子,在植物和动物的基因表达调控中发挥着重要作用,miRNAs不参与蛋白质的直接合成,而是转录后基因表达的重要调控因子。它们不仅在身体发育中起着关键作用,也是细胞周期、凋亡和分化的关键调节因子。成熟m...microRNAs(miRNAs)是一类小RNA分子,在植物和动物的基因表达调控中发挥着重要作用,miRNAs不参与蛋白质的直接合成,而是转录后基因表达的重要调控因子。它们不仅在身体发育中起着关键作用,也是细胞周期、凋亡和分化的关键调节因子。成熟miRNAs的产生需要几个关键步骤。首先,在细胞核中经由RNA polymerase II(PolII)转录完成聚腺苷酸化和封顶产生primary mi RNAs(Pri-miRNAs)。Pri-miRNAs通过Drosha/DGCR8复合物进一步加工合成hairpin precursor mi RNAs(pre-miRNAs)。Pre-miRNAs通过输出蛋白5(XPO5)输出到细胞质中,并被Dicer切割,在这一过程进行末端环的切割后形成成熟的miRNAs。miRNAs以互补序列结合靶mRNA,发挥调控作用。研究表明,超过30%的蛋白质编码基因受miRNAs调控。miRNAs的失调和功能障碍与人类疾病有关,miRNAs的异常表达被认为是癌症发生的重要过程。本文就microRNAs在妇科肿瘤发生发展中的研究现状进行综述。展开更多
Bladder cancer(BC)is the tenth most prevalent malignancy globally,presenting significant clinical and societal challenges because of its high incidence,rapid progression,and frequent recurrence.Presently,cystoscopy an...Bladder cancer(BC)is the tenth most prevalent malignancy globally,presenting significant clinical and societal challenges because of its high incidence,rapid progression,and frequent recurrence.Presently,cystoscopy and urine cytology serve as the established diagnostic methods for BC.However,their efficacy is limited by their invasive nature and low sensitivity.Therefore,the development of highly specific biomarkers and effective noninvasive detection strategies is imperative for achieving a precise and timely diagnosis of BC,as well as for facilitating an optimal tumor treatment and an improved prognosis.microRNAs(miRNAs),short noncoding RNA molecules spanning around 20–25 nucleotides,are implicated in the regulation of diverse carcinogenic pathways.Substantially altered miRNAs form robust functional regulatory networks that exert a notable influence on the tumorigenesis and progression of BC.Investigations into aberrant miRNAs derived from blood,urine,or extracellular vesicles indicate their potential roles as diagnostic biomarkers and prognostic indicators in BC,enabling miRNAs to monitor the progression and predict the recurrence of the disease.Simultaneously,the investigation centered on miRNA as a potential therapeutic agent presents a novel approach for the treatment of BC.This review comprehensively analyzes biological roles of miRNAs in tumorigenesis and progression,and systematically summarizes their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers,as well as therapeutic targets for BC.Additionally,we evaluate the progress made in laboratory techniques within this field and discuss the prospects.展开更多
In this editorial we comment on the review by Wang et al published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Gastroenterology in 2023.Small extracellular vesicles(exosomes)play important roles in the tumor microenvi...In this editorial we comment on the review by Wang et al published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Gastroenterology in 2023.Small extracellular vesicles(exosomes)play important roles in the tumor microenvironment.In this review,the authors introduce the following points:(1)The composition and function of exosomal microRNAs(miRNAs)of different cell origins in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC);(2)the crosstalk between exosomal miRNAs from stromal cells and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and the progression of HCC;and(3)the potential applicability of exosomal miRNAs derived from mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of HCC.In addition,the potential applicability of exosomal miRNAs derived from mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of HCC was introduced.In this review,the authors give us an overview of the exosomal RNA and summarize the function of exosomal RNA in HCC,which provides a deeper understanding of exosomal miRNAs to the readers.展开更多
MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are recognized for their involvement in the regulation of gene expression and exhibit significant potential in both the prognostic assessment and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).HCC,like ot...MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are recognized for their involvement in the regulation of gene expression and exhibit significant potential in both the prognostic assessment and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).HCC,like other tumors,seldom occurs in isolation;instead,it evolves within a microenvironment featuring oncogenic and tumor-suppressive elements.When combined with suitable delivery vehicles,miRNA technology provides the capability to directly engage with these elements,thereby hindering tumor formation and progression.Ongoing research in this domain holds the promise of enabling a more efficacious and multi-modal treatment approach for HCC in the near future.展开更多
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)is a malignant epithelial tumor,characterized by squamous cell differentiation,it is the sixth leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally.The increased mortality rate of ES...Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)is a malignant epithelial tumor,characterized by squamous cell differentiation,it is the sixth leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally.The increased mortality rate of ESCC patients is predominantly due to the advanced stage of the disease when discovered,coupled with higher risk of metastasis,which is an exceedingly malignant charac-teristic of cancer,frequently leading to a high mortality rate.Unfortunately,there is currently no specific and effective marker to predict and treat metastasis in ESCC.MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are a class of small non-coding RNA molecules,approximately 22 nucleotides in length.miRNAs are vital in modulating gene expression and serve pivotal regulatory roles in the occurrence,progression,and prognosis of cancer.Here,we have examined the literature to highlight the intimate correlations between miRNAs and ESCC metastasis,and show that ESCC metastasis is predominantly regulated or regulated by genetic and epigenetic factors.This review proposes a potential role for miRNAs as diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers for metastasis in ESCC metastasis,with the ultimate aim of reducing the mortality rate among patients with ESCC.展开更多
Chara cterized by positive symptoms(such as changes in behavior or thoughts,including delusions and hallu cinations),negative symptoms(such as apathy,anhedonia,and social withdrawal),and cognitive impairments,schizoph...Chara cterized by positive symptoms(such as changes in behavior or thoughts,including delusions and hallu cinations),negative symptoms(such as apathy,anhedonia,and social withdrawal),and cognitive impairments,schizophrenia is a chro nic,severe,and disabling mental disorder with late adolescence or early adulthood onset,Antipsychotics are the most commonly used drugs to treat schizophrenia,but those currently in use do not fully reverse all three types of symptoms characte rizing this condition.Schizophrenia is frequently misdiagnosed,resulting in a delay of or inappropriate treatment.Abnormal expression of microRNAs is connected to brain development and disease and could provide novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of schizophrenia.The recent studies reviewed included microRNA profiling in blood-and urine-based materials and nervous tissue mate rials.From the studies that had validated the preliminary findings,potential candidate biomarkers for schizophrenia in adults could be miR-22-3p,-30e-5p,-92a-3p,-148b-5p,-181a-3p,-181a-5p,-181b-5p,-199 b-5p,-137 in whole blood,and miR-130b,-193a-3p in blood plasma.Antipsychotic treatment of schizophrenia patients was found to modulate the expression of certain microRNAs including miR-130b,-193a-3p,-132,-195,-30e,-432 in blood plasma.Further studies are warranted with adolescents and young adults having schizophrenia and consideration should be given to using animal models of the disorder to investigate the effect of suppressing or overexpressing specific microRNAs.展开更多
目的探讨急性脑梗死(ACI)患者血清微小RNA-214(miR-214)的表达水平及其临床意义。方法选取2024年1月~2024年2月濮阳市安阳地区医院收治的ACI患者90例设为ACI组,选取同期健康体检者90例为对照组,比较两组血清miR-214水平,使用受试者工作...目的探讨急性脑梗死(ACI)患者血清微小RNA-214(miR-214)的表达水平及其临床意义。方法选取2024年1月~2024年2月濮阳市安阳地区医院收治的ACI患者90例设为ACI组,选取同期健康体检者90例为对照组,比较两组血清miR-214水平,使用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清miR-214水平对ACI的诊断价值。根据入院24 h美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分将ACI患者分为轻度组(n=44)和中重度组(n=46),比较两组血清miR-214水平和入院24 h NIHSS评分及其相关性。根据发病90 d改良Ranking量表(mRS)评分将ACI患者分为预后良好组(n=40)和预后不良组(n=50),比较两组血清miR-214水平和发病90 d mRS评分及其相关性。比较ACI组和对照组血清炎症因子水平,分析ACI患者血清miR-214表达水平及其与炎症因子水平的相关性。结果ACI组血清miR-214水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。ROC曲线结果显示,血清miR-214对ACI诊断的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.968,最佳截断值为0.71,灵敏度为96.67%,特异度为87.78%。中重度组血清miR-214水平较轻度组更低,NIHSS评分更高(P<0.05);ACI患者血清miR-214水平与NIHSS评分呈负相关性(r=-0.759,P<0.05)。预后不良组血清miR-214水平较预后良好组更低,mRS评分更高(P<0.05);ACI患者血清miR-214水平与mRS评分呈负相关性(r=-0.249,P<0.05)。ACI组血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、C反应蛋白(CRP)及中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(NGAL)水平均高于对照组(P<0.05);ACI患者血清miR-214表达水平与血清IL-6、TNF-α、CRP及NGAL水平均呈负相关性(P<0.05)。结论ACI患者血清miR-214表达水平异常下降,对ACI具有较高诊断价值,且其与ACI病情严重程度、预后及炎症因子水平均呈负相关性,可能会影响疾病进展。展开更多
脑出血后所释放的大量内源性物质和血液中的毒性成分可加剧炎性反应和神经缺损,严重影响脑出血患者预后。microRNAs水平在脑出血后发生变化,可通过多种机制调控神经炎症的功能。文章综述归纳总结了microRNAs对脑出血后神经炎症影响的研...脑出血后所释放的大量内源性物质和血液中的毒性成分可加剧炎性反应和神经缺损,严重影响脑出血患者预后。microRNAs水平在脑出血后发生变化,可通过多种机制调控神经炎症的功能。文章综述归纳总结了microRNAs对脑出血后神经炎症影响的研究进展,旨在为出血性中风患者发现更有效的治疗方法。A large number of endogenous substances and toxic components in blood released after intracerebral hemorrhage can aggravate inflammatory reaction and neurological damage, which seriously affect the prognosis of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. The level of microRNAs changes after intracerebral hemorrhage, which can regulate the function of neuroinflammation through various mechanisms. This review summarizes the research progress of the effect of microRNAs on neuroinflammation after intracerebral hemorrhage in order to find more effective treatment methods for patients with hemorrhagic stroke.展开更多
文摘Hearing loss is the third leading cause of human disability.Age-related hearing loss,one type of acquired sensorineural hearing loss,is largely responsible for this escalating global health burden.Noise-induced,ototoxic,and idiopathic sudden sensorineural are other less common types of acquired hearing loss.The etiology of these conditions is complex and multi-fa ctorial involving an interplay of genetic and environmental factors.Oxidative stress has recently been proposed as a likely linking cause in most types of acquired sensorineural hearing loss.Short non-coding RNA sequences known as microRNAs(miRNAs)have increasingly been shown to play a role in cellular hypoxia and oxidative stress responses including promoting an apoptotic response.Sensory hair cell death is a central histopathological finding in sensorineural hearing loss.As these cells do not regenerate in humans,it underlies the irreversibility of human age-related hearing loss.Ovid EMBASE,Ovid MEDLINE,Web of Science Core Collection,and ClinicalTrials.gov databases over the period August 1,2018 to July 31,2023 were searched with"hearing loss,""hypoxamiRs,""hypoxia,""microRNAs,""ischemia,"and"oxidative stress"text words for English language primary study publications or registered clinical trials.Registe red clinical trials known to the senior author we re also assessed.A total of 222studies were thus identified.After excluding duplicates,editorials,retra ctions,secondary research studies,and non-English language articles,39 primary studies and clinical trials underwent full-text screening.This resulted in 11 animal,in vitro,and/or human subject journal articles and 8 registered clinical trial database entries which form the basis of this narrative review.MiRNAs miR-34a and miR-29b levels increase with age in mice.These miRNAs were demonstrated in human neuroblastoma and murine cochlear cell lines to target Sirtuin 1/peroxisome proliferato r-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1-alpha(SIRT1/P GC-1α),SIRT1p53,and SIRT1/hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha signaling pathways resulting in increased apoptosis.Furthermore,hypoxia and oxidative stress had a similar adve rse apoptotic effect,which was inhibited by resve ratrol and a myocardial inhibitorassociated transcript,a miR-29b competing endogenous mRNA.Gentamicin reduced miR-182-5p levels and increased cochlear oxidative stress and cell death in mice-an effect that was corrected by inner ear stem cell-derived exosomes.There is ongoing work seeking to determine if these findings can be effectively translated to humans.
文摘Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental disorder caused by exposure to severe traumatic life events.Currently,there are no validated biomarkers or laboratory tests that can distinguish between trauma survivors with and without post-traumatic stress disorder.In addition,the heterogeneity of clinical presentations of post-traumatic stress disorder and the overlap of symptoms with other conditions can lead to misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment.Evidence suggests that this condition is a multisystem disorder that affects many biological systems,raising the possibility that peripheral markers of disease may be used to diagnose post-traumatic stress disorder.We performed a PubMed search for microRNAs(miRNAs)in post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)that could serve as diagnostic biomarkers and found 18 original research articles on studies performed with human patients and published January 2012 to December 2023.These included four studies with whole blood,seven with peripheral blood mononuclear cells,four with plasma extracellular vesicles/exosomes,and one with serum exosomes.One of these studies had also used whole plasma.Two studies were excluded as they did not involve microRNA biomarkers.Most of the studies had collected samples from adult male Veterans who had returned from deployment and been exposed to combat,and only two were from recently traumatized adult subjects.In measuring miRNA expression levels,many of the studies had used microarray miRNA analysis,miRNA Seq analysis,or NanoString panels.Only six studies had used real time polymerase chain reaction assay to determine/validate miRNA expression in PTSD subjects compared to controls.The miRNAs that were found/validated in these studies may be considered as potential candidate biomarkers for PTSD and include miR-3130-5p in whole blood;miR-193a-5p,-7113-5p,-125a,-181c,and-671-5p in peripheral blood mononuclear cells;miR-10b-5p,-203a-3p,-4488,-502-3p,-874-3p,-5100,and-7641 in plasma extracellular vesicles/exosomes;and miR-18a-3p and-7-1-5p in blood plasma.Several important limitations identified in the studies need to be taken into account in future studies.Further studies are warranted with war veterans and recently traumatized children,adolescents,and adults having PTSD and use of animal models subjected to various stressors and the effects of suppressing or overexpressing specific microRNAs.
文摘Abnormal expression of microRNAs is connected to brain development and disease and could provide novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of bipolar disorder. We performed a PubMed search for microRNA biomarkers in bipolar disorder and found 18 original research articles on studies performed with human patients and published from January 2011 to June 2023. These studies included microRNA profiling in bloodand brain-based materials. From the studies that had validated the preliminary findings,potential candidate biomarkers for bipolar disorder in adults could be miR-140-3p,-30d-5p,-330-5p,-378a-5p,-21-3p,-330-3p,-345-5p in whole blood, miR-19b-3p,-1180-3p,-125a-5p, let-7e-5p in blood plasma, and miR-7-5p,-23b-5p,-142-3p,-221-5p,-370-3p in the blood serum. Two of the studies had investigated the changes in microRNA expression of patients with bipolar disorder receiving treatment. One showed a significant increase in plasma miR-134 compared to baseline after 4 weeks of treatment which included typical antipsychotics, atypical antipsychotics, and benzodiazepines. The other study had assessed the effects of prescribed medications which included neurotransmitter receptorsite binders(drug class B) and sedatives, hypnotics, anticonvulsants, and analgesics(drug class C) on microRNA results. The combined effects of the two drug classes increased the significance of the results for miR-219 and-29c with miR-30e-3p and-526b* acquiring significance. MicroRNAs were tested to see if they could serve as biomarkers of bipolar disorder at different clinical states of mania, depression, and euthymia. One study showed that upregulation in whole blood of miR-9-5p,-29a-3p,-106a-5p,-106b-5p,-107,-125a-3p,-125b-5p and of miR-107,-125a-3p occurred in manic and euthymic patients compared to controls, respectively, and that upregulation of miR-106a-5p,-107 was found for manic compared to euthymic patients. In two other studies using blood plasma,downregulation of miR-134 was observed in manic patients compared to controls, and dysregulation of miR-134,-152,-607,-633,-652,-155 occurred in euthymic patients compared to controls. Finally, microRNAs such as miR-34a,-34b,-34c,-137, and-140-3p,-21-3p,-30d-5p,-330-5p,-378a-5p,-134,-19b-3p were shown to have diagnostic potential in distinguishing bipolar disorder patients from schizophrenia or major depressive disorder patients, respectively. Further studies are warranted with adolescents and young adults having bipolar disorder and consideration should be given to using animal models of the disorder to investigate the effects of suppressing or overexpressing specific microRNAs.
文摘microRNAs(miRNAs)是一类小RNA分子,在植物和动物的基因表达调控中发挥着重要作用,miRNAs不参与蛋白质的直接合成,而是转录后基因表达的重要调控因子。它们不仅在身体发育中起着关键作用,也是细胞周期、凋亡和分化的关键调节因子。成熟miRNAs的产生需要几个关键步骤。首先,在细胞核中经由RNA polymerase II(PolII)转录完成聚腺苷酸化和封顶产生primary mi RNAs(Pri-miRNAs)。Pri-miRNAs通过Drosha/DGCR8复合物进一步加工合成hairpin precursor mi RNAs(pre-miRNAs)。Pre-miRNAs通过输出蛋白5(XPO5)输出到细胞质中,并被Dicer切割,在这一过程进行末端环的切割后形成成熟的miRNAs。miRNAs以互补序列结合靶mRNA,发挥调控作用。研究表明,超过30%的蛋白质编码基因受miRNAs调控。miRNAs的失调和功能障碍与人类疾病有关,miRNAs的异常表达被认为是癌症发生的重要过程。本文就microRNAs在妇科肿瘤发生发展中的研究现状进行综述。
基金supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2022M721404)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20220737)+1 种基金the Social Development Foundation of Clinical Frontier Technology of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BE2017763)the Medical Research Project of Jiangsu Province Health Committee(Grant No.K2019020).
文摘Bladder cancer(BC)is the tenth most prevalent malignancy globally,presenting significant clinical and societal challenges because of its high incidence,rapid progression,and frequent recurrence.Presently,cystoscopy and urine cytology serve as the established diagnostic methods for BC.However,their efficacy is limited by their invasive nature and low sensitivity.Therefore,the development of highly specific biomarkers and effective noninvasive detection strategies is imperative for achieving a precise and timely diagnosis of BC,as well as for facilitating an optimal tumor treatment and an improved prognosis.microRNAs(miRNAs),short noncoding RNA molecules spanning around 20–25 nucleotides,are implicated in the regulation of diverse carcinogenic pathways.Substantially altered miRNAs form robust functional regulatory networks that exert a notable influence on the tumorigenesis and progression of BC.Investigations into aberrant miRNAs derived from blood,urine,or extracellular vesicles indicate their potential roles as diagnostic biomarkers and prognostic indicators in BC,enabling miRNAs to monitor the progression and predict the recurrence of the disease.Simultaneously,the investigation centered on miRNA as a potential therapeutic agent presents a novel approach for the treatment of BC.This review comprehensively analyzes biological roles of miRNAs in tumorigenesis and progression,and systematically summarizes their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers,as well as therapeutic targets for BC.Additionally,we evaluate the progress made in laboratory techniques within this field and discuss the prospects.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82303441Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai Municipality,No.21ZR1459100 and No.22ZR1457900+1 种基金Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality,No.20DZ2254500Shanghai Anticancer Association EYAS Project.
文摘In this editorial we comment on the review by Wang et al published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Gastroenterology in 2023.Small extracellular vesicles(exosomes)play important roles in the tumor microenvironment.In this review,the authors introduce the following points:(1)The composition and function of exosomal microRNAs(miRNAs)of different cell origins in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC);(2)the crosstalk between exosomal miRNAs from stromal cells and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and the progression of HCC;and(3)the potential applicability of exosomal miRNAs derived from mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of HCC.In addition,the potential applicability of exosomal miRNAs derived from mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of HCC was introduced.In this review,the authors give us an overview of the exosomal RNA and summarize the function of exosomal RNA in HCC,which provides a deeper understanding of exosomal miRNAs to the readers.
文摘MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are recognized for their involvement in the regulation of gene expression and exhibit significant potential in both the prognostic assessment and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).HCC,like other tumors,seldom occurs in isolation;instead,it evolves within a microenvironment featuring oncogenic and tumor-suppressive elements.When combined with suitable delivery vehicles,miRNA technology provides the capability to directly engage with these elements,thereby hindering tumor formation and progression.Ongoing research in this domain holds the promise of enabling a more efficacious and multi-modal treatment approach for HCC in the near future.
基金Supported by Foundation of Henan Educational Committee,No.22A310024and Natural Science Foundation for Young Teachers'Basic Research of Zhengzhou University,No.JC202035025。
文摘Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)is a malignant epithelial tumor,characterized by squamous cell differentiation,it is the sixth leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally.The increased mortality rate of ESCC patients is predominantly due to the advanced stage of the disease when discovered,coupled with higher risk of metastasis,which is an exceedingly malignant charac-teristic of cancer,frequently leading to a high mortality rate.Unfortunately,there is currently no specific and effective marker to predict and treat metastasis in ESCC.MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are a class of small non-coding RNA molecules,approximately 22 nucleotides in length.miRNAs are vital in modulating gene expression and serve pivotal regulatory roles in the occurrence,progression,and prognosis of cancer.Here,we have examined the literature to highlight the intimate correlations between miRNAs and ESCC metastasis,and show that ESCC metastasis is predominantly regulated or regulated by genetic and epigenetic factors.This review proposes a potential role for miRNAs as diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers for metastasis in ESCC metastasis,with the ultimate aim of reducing the mortality rate among patients with ESCC.
文摘Chara cterized by positive symptoms(such as changes in behavior or thoughts,including delusions and hallu cinations),negative symptoms(such as apathy,anhedonia,and social withdrawal),and cognitive impairments,schizophrenia is a chro nic,severe,and disabling mental disorder with late adolescence or early adulthood onset,Antipsychotics are the most commonly used drugs to treat schizophrenia,but those currently in use do not fully reverse all three types of symptoms characte rizing this condition.Schizophrenia is frequently misdiagnosed,resulting in a delay of or inappropriate treatment.Abnormal expression of microRNAs is connected to brain development and disease and could provide novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of schizophrenia.The recent studies reviewed included microRNA profiling in blood-and urine-based materials and nervous tissue mate rials.From the studies that had validated the preliminary findings,potential candidate biomarkers for schizophrenia in adults could be miR-22-3p,-30e-5p,-92a-3p,-148b-5p,-181a-3p,-181a-5p,-181b-5p,-199 b-5p,-137 in whole blood,and miR-130b,-193a-3p in blood plasma.Antipsychotic treatment of schizophrenia patients was found to modulate the expression of certain microRNAs including miR-130b,-193a-3p,-132,-195,-30e,-432 in blood plasma.Further studies are warranted with adolescents and young adults having schizophrenia and consideration should be given to using animal models of the disorder to investigate the effect of suppressing or overexpressing specific microRNAs.
文摘目的探讨急性脑梗死(ACI)患者血清微小RNA-214(miR-214)的表达水平及其临床意义。方法选取2024年1月~2024年2月濮阳市安阳地区医院收治的ACI患者90例设为ACI组,选取同期健康体检者90例为对照组,比较两组血清miR-214水平,使用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清miR-214水平对ACI的诊断价值。根据入院24 h美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分将ACI患者分为轻度组(n=44)和中重度组(n=46),比较两组血清miR-214水平和入院24 h NIHSS评分及其相关性。根据发病90 d改良Ranking量表(mRS)评分将ACI患者分为预后良好组(n=40)和预后不良组(n=50),比较两组血清miR-214水平和发病90 d mRS评分及其相关性。比较ACI组和对照组血清炎症因子水平,分析ACI患者血清miR-214表达水平及其与炎症因子水平的相关性。结果ACI组血清miR-214水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。ROC曲线结果显示,血清miR-214对ACI诊断的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.968,最佳截断值为0.71,灵敏度为96.67%,特异度为87.78%。中重度组血清miR-214水平较轻度组更低,NIHSS评分更高(P<0.05);ACI患者血清miR-214水平与NIHSS评分呈负相关性(r=-0.759,P<0.05)。预后不良组血清miR-214水平较预后良好组更低,mRS评分更高(P<0.05);ACI患者血清miR-214水平与mRS评分呈负相关性(r=-0.249,P<0.05)。ACI组血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、C反应蛋白(CRP)及中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(NGAL)水平均高于对照组(P<0.05);ACI患者血清miR-214表达水平与血清IL-6、TNF-α、CRP及NGAL水平均呈负相关性(P<0.05)。结论ACI患者血清miR-214表达水平异常下降,对ACI具有较高诊断价值,且其与ACI病情严重程度、预后及炎症因子水平均呈负相关性,可能会影响疾病进展。
文摘脑出血后所释放的大量内源性物质和血液中的毒性成分可加剧炎性反应和神经缺损,严重影响脑出血患者预后。microRNAs水平在脑出血后发生变化,可通过多种机制调控神经炎症的功能。文章综述归纳总结了microRNAs对脑出血后神经炎症影响的研究进展,旨在为出血性中风患者发现更有效的治疗方法。A large number of endogenous substances and toxic components in blood released after intracerebral hemorrhage can aggravate inflammatory reaction and neurological damage, which seriously affect the prognosis of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. The level of microRNAs changes after intracerebral hemorrhage, which can regulate the function of neuroinflammation through various mechanisms. This review summarizes the research progress of the effect of microRNAs on neuroinflammation after intracerebral hemorrhage in order to find more effective treatment methods for patients with hemorrhagic stroke.
