Continuous Wear of Hydrogel Contact Lenses for Therapeutic Use

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and complications of continuous wear of etafilcon A for therapeutic use. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 228 eyes of 219 outpatients prescribed contact lens (CL) for one week of continuous therapeutic wear during 10 years. The reason for prescription of CLs, the primary disease, the duration of CL wear and the complications were assessed retrospectively. Results: The predominant reason for prescription of CLs was relief of pain or a foreign-body sensation (62.3%) and protection of the corneal epithelium (20.6%). The primary disease was post-penetrating keratoplasty (36.8%), followed by corneal epithelial erosion (14.5%), post-lamellar keratoplasty (14.0%) and bullous keratopathy (12.2%). The average duration of wearing single lens was 6.5 ± 3.2 days. The average duration of wearing CLs in total was 9.2 ± 10.7 months. The most frequent problem associated with continuous wear of CLs was their dropping out of CLs (12.3%). The complications associated with CLs included conjunctivitis with papillary hyperplasia, corneal erosion and superficial punctate keratitis, but corneal ulcer and corneal infiltrates were not found. Conclusion: Serious complications were not shown changing the lenses every week to keep to the prescribed time limit for continuous therapeutic wear, even if corneal epithelial barrier function is impaired.

Transarterial chemoembolization with pirarubicin-eluting microspheres in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: Preliminary results

Purpose:To present the early results of pirarubicin-eluting microsphere transarterial chemoembolization(PETACE)for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Materials and methods:We retrospectively analyzed 55 consecutive patients with HCC who received PE-TACE between April 1,2015 and August 30,2016.The complication rate,tumor response rate,progression-free survival(PFS),and overall survival(OS)were analyzed.Results:Adverse events were generally mild and included abdominal pain and fever,although a major complication was reported in 1 patient(1.8%).During a median follow-up of 10.0 months(range,3.0-24.0 months),14 patients(25.5%)achieved a complete tumor response,25(45.5%)had a partial response,9(16.4%)showed stable disease,and 7(12.7%)had disease progression.The 1-month overall response rate was 70.9%,and the local tumor response rate was 89.0%.The 1-month tumor response rate was 100%for Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer(BCLC)stage A or B disease and 62.8%for BCLC stage C disease.The median PFS was 6.1 months(95%confidence interval[95%CI],3.4-8.8 months;range,1.0-24.0 months).The median OS was 11.0 months(95%CI,7.1-14.9 months;range,2.0-24.0 months).Kaplan-Meier analysis(log-rank test)found significant differences in OS between patients grouped by tumor number(P=0.006),tumor size(P=0.035),and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group(ECOG)score(P=0.005).The tumor number(1 vs.>2)was the only factor independently associated with OS(hazard ratio[HR],2.867;95%CI,1.330-6.181;P=0.007).Conclusions:PE-TACE for unresectable HCC may be safe,with favorable tumor response rates and survival time,especially in patients with a single large tumor.Longer follow-up using a larger series is necessary to confirm these preliminary results.

Design,delivery and efficacy testing of therapeutic nucleic acids used to inhibit hepatitis C virus gene expression in vitro and in vivo

Despite major achievements in the treatment ofchronic hepatitis C with the combination ofinterferons and the nucleoside analog ribavirin themajority of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection cannot be treated effectively.Toimprove this response rate we used antisensetechnologies to inhibit HCV translation as possibleadditional option for experimental treatment.Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides(ODN) are

Therapeutic and Medicinal Uses of <i>Aloe vera</i>: A Review

The plant Aloe vera is used in Ayurvedic, Homoeopathic and Allopathic streams of medicine, and not only tribal community but also most of the people for food and medicine. The plant leaves contains numerous vitamins, minerals, enzymes, amino acids, natural sugars and other bioactive compounds with emollient, purgative, anti-microbial, anti inflammatory, antioxidant, aphrodisiac, anti-helmenthic, antifungal, antiseptic and cosmetic values for health care. This plant has potential to cure sunburns, burns and minor cuts, and even skin cancer. The external use in cosmetic primarily acts as skin healer and prevents injury of epithelial tissues, cures acne and gives a youthful glow to skin, also acts as extremely powerful laxative.

Blastocystis hominis as a cause of chronic diarrhea in low-resource settings:A systematic review

BACKGROUND Blastocystis hominis(B.hominis),an anaerobic unicellular protist parasite,is known for its diverse clinical manifestations upon infecting the human gastrointestinal tract.Although globally distributed,it is particularly prevalent in developing nations.Examining the symptoms and treatment outcomes of B.hominis infection in low-resource settings holds immense significance,providing healthcare practi-tioners with valuable insights to enhance patient care.AIM To synthesize existing evidence on the symptomatology and treatment outcomes of B.hominis infection in low-resource settings.METHODS Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines,a systematic review was conducted.The search spanned electronic databases including PubMed,Scopus,and Google Scholar.After a comprehensive screening process,a thorough examination of the papers,adhering to inclusion and exclusion criteria,and data extraction from eligible studies was conducted.The findings underwent summarization through simple descriptive analysis.RESULTS The search yielded 1200 papers,with 17 meeting inclusion criteria.Chronic diarrhea due to B.hominis infection was reported in only two studies,while abdominal pain,diarrhea,flatulence,constipation,and nausea/vomiting emerged as the most commonly documented symptoms.Recovery rates after one week of treatment ranged from 71.8%to 100%,and after two weeks,from 60%to 100%.CONCLUSION In low-resource settings,chronic diarrhea resulting from B.hominis infection is infrequent.Common symptoms include abdominal pain,diarrhea,flatulence,constipation,and nausea/vomiting.Post-treatment,clinical outcomes are notably favorable,supporting the recommendation for treatment.Metronidazole is advocated as the first-line agent,with consideration for switching to a second-line option in cases of treatment failure or poor response.

Clinacanthus nutans:a review of the medicinal uses,pharmacology and phytochemistry

Clinacanthus nutans Lindau is known as snake grass belonging to the Acanlhaceae family.This plant has diverse and potential medicinal uses in traditional herbal medicine for treating skin rashes,insects and snake bites,lesions caused by herpes simplex virus,diabetes,and gout in Malaysia.Indonesia.Thailand and China.Phylochemieal investigations documented the varied contents of bioaclive compounds from litis plant namely flavonoids,glycosides,glycoglyeerolipids.cerebrosides and monoacylmonogalatosylglycerol.The pharmacological experiment proved that various types of extracts and pure compounds from this species exhibited a broad range of biological properties such as anti-inflammatory,antiviral,antioxidant,and anti-diabetic activities.The lindings of toxicity study showed that extracts from this plant did not show any toxicity thus it can be used as strong therapeutic agents for specific diseased conditions.However,further experiments on chemical components and their mode of action showing biological activities are required to elucidate the complete phytochemical profile and assess to confirm their suitability tor future drugs.This review summarizes the medicinal uses,phytochemistry and pharmacology of this plant in order to explore its therapeutic potential and gaps necessitating for prospected research work.

Comparison of long-lasting therapeutic effects between succimer and penicillamine on hepatolenticular degeneration

AIM To compare the long term effect of succimer (Suc) with that of penicillamine (Pen) in treating hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD). METHODS One hundred and twenty patients with HLD were divided into 2 groups. Group A ( n =60) received Suc 750mg , po. bid. Group B ( n =60) received Pen 250mg , po. qid. The period of maintenance treatment varied from 6 months to 3 years, averaging 1 5 years. Symptoms and therapeutic effects were evaluated by modified Goldstein scale. RESULTS The total effectiveness of group A in two different periods of treatment were 80% and 85% respectively, higher than those of group B (58% and 59% respectively) ( P <0 05). Suc also had obvious curative effects for the patients who failed in the use of Pen. There were fewer side effect in group A than in group B ( P <0 05). Suc and Pen could increase urinary copper excretion effectively and continually. CONCLUSION Suc is more effective and safer than Pen. Clinically, it can replace Pen as first choice drug for long term maintenance therapy of HLD.

Functional dyspepsia of ulcer-dysmotility type:clinical incidence and therapeutic strategy

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Therapeutic role of template-based lymphadenectomy in urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract

Lymphadenectomy for urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract has attracted the attention of physicians. The mapping study of lymphatic spread has shown that a relatively wide area should comprise the regional nodes for tumors of the right renal pelvis or the right upper two-thirds of the ureter. A prospective study showed that an anatomical templatebased lymphadenectomy significantly improved patient survival in tumors of the renal pelvis. This benefit was more evident for patients with p T2 stage tumors or higher. The risk of regional node recurrence is significant reduced by template-based lymphadenectomy,which is likely to be associated with improved patient survival. The removal of lymph node micrometastases is assumed to be the reason for therapeutic benefit following lymphadenectomy. The number of resected lymph nodes can be used to assess the quality of lymphadenectomy,but not to determine the extent of lymphadenectomy. The guidelines currently recommend lymphadenectomy for patients with muscle-invasive disease,even though the current recommendation grades are still low. The present limitation of lymphadenectomy is the lack of standardization of the extent of lymphadenectomy and the randomized trials. Further studies are warranted to collect the evidence to support lymphadenectomy.

High-intensity focused ultrasound extracorporeal ablation of liver tissuesin rabbits

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微球和纳米颗粒在经动脉化疗栓塞治疗肝细胞癌中的应用

近年来,经动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)是治疗肝细胞癌(HCC)的常用方法。然而,随着栓塞剂技术的不断发展,微球和纳米颗粒方面的新进展为提高TACE的治疗效果和安全性带来了新的希望。本文综述了微球和纳米颗粒在HCC行TACE中的最新进展和应用。首先,介绍了TACE作为治疗手段的背景,以及微球和纳米颗粒技术的兴起。接着,叙述了TACE中不同类型的微球和纳米颗粒的使用情况,并探讨了理想栓塞剂的特性。文章着重描述了在材料科学和工程领域的进展,以及药物释放微球和纳米颗粒与传统TACE在临床效果方面的对比。另外,对影像学在TACE手术中的重要性进行了讨论,并总结了放射性和磁共振可见的栓塞剂的研究进展。文章从多个角度讨论了TACE治疗的未来发展方向和面临的挑战。指出了微球和纳米颗粒与其他治疗方法结合、个性化和精准医学在TACE中的应用,以及TACE在临床转化应用中的潜在方案。同时,提出了伦理和监管方面的问题需要加以探讨。认为先进微球和纳米颗粒在TACE中具有潜在影响,为HCC治疗模式的创新以及通过TACE改善患者预后提供了理论基础和技术支持。

Controversies regarding transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells

Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have tantalized regenerative medicine with their therapeutic potential,yet a cloud of controversies looms over their clinical tran-splantation.This comprehensive review navigates the intricate landscape of MSC controversies,drawing upon 15 years of clinical experience and research.We delve into the fundamental properties of MSCs,exploring their unique immuno-modulatory capabilities and surface markers.The heart of our inquiry lies in the controversial applications of MSC transplantation,including the perennial debate between autologous and allogeneic sources,concerns about efficacy,and lingering safety apprehensions.Moreover,we unravel the enigmatic mechanisms surro-unding MSC transplantation,such as homing,integration,and the delicate balance between differentiation and paracrine effects.We also assess the current status of clinical trials and the ever-evolving regulatory landscape.As we peer into the future,we examine emerging trends,envisioning personalized medicine and innovative delivery methods.Our review provides a balanced and informed perspective on the controversies,offering readers a clear understanding of the complexities,challenges,and potential solutions in MSC transplantation.

明胶海绵颗粒与Embosphere微球治疗肝癌破裂出血有效性和安全性的对比分析

目的对比分析明胶海绵颗粒及Embosphere微球栓塞肝癌破裂出血靶血管的安全性和临床疗效。方法采用经导管肝动脉栓塞术（TAE），对422例破裂出血的肝癌患者行肝癌出血靶动脉栓塞止血，其中198例采用明胶海绵颗粒栓塞（明胶海绵组），224例采用Embosphere栓塞微球栓塞（微球组），术后结合生化及影像学检查观察和分析临床疗效与不良反应。结果本组422例均有效止血。明胶海绵组中，34例栓塞术后24～36h有复发出血，122例肝转氨酶有不同程度升高（31例转氨酶升至1000U／L以上），198例胆红素均有不同程度上升；微球组中，术后肝功能指标与术前比较差异无统计学意义。结论与明胶海绵栓塞剂比较，Embosphere栓塞微球颗粒治疗肝癌破裂出血具有很好的疗效及安全性，不良反应轻，再通出血概率低，对术后肝功能的损害甚微，有利于围．术期患者的良性恢复，值得在临床上推广应用。

华蟾素微球合并多柔比星和顺铂肝动脉化学栓塞治疗肝癌

目的 :观察华蟾素微球合并多柔比星、顺铂肝动脉化学栓塞治疗肝癌的临床效果。方法 :采用Seldinger方法超选至肿瘤血管 ,注入化疗药物和华蟾素微球 10 0～ 50 0mg ,治疗肝癌 4 3例。结果 :4 1例病人肿瘤部分缓解 14% ,轻微缓解 54% ,甲胎蛋白 (AFP)水平明显降低。 0 .5,1和 2a生存率分别为 95% ,51%和 2 9%。结论 :华蟾素微球合并多柔比星。

栓塞微球在肝癌介入治疗中的应用

目的评价栓塞微球对肝癌的栓塞性能,观察经导管栓塞治疗肝癌的近期疗效与不良反应。方法选择23例(34个病灶)原发性肝癌患者,经股动脉插管至肿瘤供血动脉,注射半量化疗药物及碘油3～5ml后将栓塞微球0.5～6ml混入适量对比剂透视下注入,至血流明显减慢或血管铸型时停止。每隔1个月复查肝脏增强CT或MRI、血清AFP。如病灶仍有强化或新生病灶、AFP继续增高者重复治疗。观察临床疗效与不良反应。结果全组无CR,PR9例,NC13例,PD1例。有效率(CR+PR)为39.1%,获益率(CR+PR+NC)为95.7%。28/34枚血供丰富、强化明显的病灶中首次治疗后有17枚有残余强化,另11枚病灶完全栓塞。17枚有残余强化的病灶中,10枚病灶重复治疗,其中3枚获完全栓塞。11枚完全栓塞的病灶在2～9个月的随访中,4枚再次出现残余强化,2枚重复治疗后均获完全栓塞。AFP阳性的18例患者中,11例明显降低,6例无明显变化,1例明显升高。术后观察5～14d,发热18例,肝区疼痛11例,恶心呕吐6例,ALT较术前明显升高2例,BIL明显升高1例,WBC均无变化。结论栓塞微球经导管注射治疗肝癌,栓塞性能优越,临床疗效确切,不良反应少,是一种优良的肿瘤栓塞剂。

葡聚糖微球肝栓塞治疗肝癌疗效的病理学评估

病理组织学评估葡聚糖微球肝栓塞治疗肝癌的疗效。 11例原发性肝癌行葡聚糖微球肝栓塞治疗 ,栓塞后择期作肝切除术。切除后的肝瘤标本作组织病理研究以观察肿瘤的坏死程度及葡聚糖微球在人体内的状况。7例肝癌病灶为完全坏死 ,未见存活癌细胞 ;另 4例为不完全坏死。两者相比 ,完全坏死组肿瘤较为远离膈面、肝裂、及胆囊窝等动脉侧支吻合丰富的区域。葡聚糖微球能产生均一的末梢性动脉栓塞。微球在体内 191天仍未被吸收。门脉系统内未见栓子微球。部分远离肝侧支循环的肝癌可通过葡聚糖微球肝栓塞得到临床治愈。

海藻酸钠微球联合碘化油栓塞治疗原发性肝癌的疗效分析

目的探讨海藻酸钠微球(KMG)作为栓塞剂,联合经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)治疗原发性肝癌的应用价值。资料与方法 2008-01～2010-03行介入治疗并经病理或实验室检查确诊的206例原发性肝癌患者,按治疗方法分为对照组和KMG组,其中对照组128例接受常规TACE治疗,KMG组78例接受常规TACE治疗+KMG栓塞,比较两组患者介入治疗后肿瘤缩小及坏死程度以及术后3个月、6个月、9个月、1年的累计生存率。结果对照组和KMG组之间的临床和病理资料差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。206例患者中60例病变缩小30%以上,其中KMG组36例,对照组24例,两组差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.107,P<0.05)。KMG组患者治疗3个月、6个月累计生存率分别为96.1%和92.3%,而对照组分别为89.8%和87.5%,两组累计生存率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);KMG组患者治疗9个月、1年累计生存率分别为89.7%和80.8%,而对照组分别为73.4%和57.8%,两组累计生存率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论海藻酸钠微球联合TACE栓塞治疗原发性肝癌能够增强血管栓塞效应,提高生存率,可作为肝癌介入治疗的新选择。

药物微球与化疗栓塞治疗肝癌的临床效果比较

目的 临床验证国内首创的新一代化疗栓塞剂甲氨蝶呤明胶微球 (MTX- m s)对中晚期原发性肝癌 (PHC)的疗效。方法 将 6 3例肝癌病人随机分成两组 ,分别用 MTX-ms和碘油加明胶海绵颗粒结合化疗药物经超选择性肝动脉插管进行化疗栓塞。根据肿瘤的血管造影表现、坏死面积、大小和血清 AFP值的变化比较两种方法的疗效。结果 经 1～ 3次治疗后两组病人的肿瘤血管明显减少 ,肿瘤体积显著缩小 ,AFP值明显下降。各项疗效指标显示 MTX- m s组在某些方面优于常规治疗组 ,但统计学上无显著性差异。结论 MTX- ms具有使用方便、用量小、末梢栓塞作用强和价廉等优点 。

离子交换型栓塞微球及其载平阳霉素的制备与性质研究

目的:研究离子交换型聚乙烯醇-丙烯酸微球(PVA-AA-Ms)的制备方法及其理化性质和载药性能。方法:采用反相悬浮聚合法制备PVA-AA-Ms,以光学显微镜观察微球的形态、测定粒径大小,以红外光谱法考察微球聚合物的结构,以化学滴定法测定离子交换官能团羧基的含量,以物性测定仪测量微球的抗压弹性。采用平阳霉素为模型药物,制备PVA-AA-Ms载药微球,以紫外分光光度法测定微球的载药量、包封率和体外累积释放百分数。结果:所制备的PVA-AA-Ms圆整,粒径范围为150～1000μm,平均粒径为500μm。红外光谱确证了聚乙烯醇与丙烯酸的聚合交联,微球的羧基含量为8.905mmol/g,微球具有较好的抗压弹性。微球载药量为30g/L,包封率为99.4%,药物在磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)中缓慢释放,24h累积释放率为88.3%,药物累积释放50%的时间(t50)为2.19h。结论:PVA-AA-Ms的理化性质达到了栓塞治疗的要求,并且由于其羧基含量较高,具有交换载入阳离子药物(如含氨基的药物)的能力,可望为栓塞化疗提供一种新型的药物输送系统。

羟基乙酸乙基纤维素微球经肝动脉栓塞治疗兔肝肿瘤

目的评价羟基乙酸乙基纤维素微球对兔VX2肝肿瘤的介入治疗作用。方法将30只新西兰大白兔制作成VX2兔肝肿瘤模型,造模后13 d行CT检查,计算荷瘤兔肿瘤体积,按肿瘤体积大小进行编号,采用随机数字表法分为A、B、C 3组,每组10只。所有动物经右侧股动脉插管至肝动脉,行造影后向肿瘤供血动脉给药:A组注入羟基乙酸乙基纤维素微球1 ml(0.023 g),B组注入碘油1 ml,C组注入生理盐水1 ml。记录实验动物介入治疗前后肝功能、肝脏肿瘤体积变化,观察各组治疗后肝肿瘤病理变化,从每组中随机选择5只观察生存期。结果介入治疗前各组肝功能、肿瘤体积无统计学差异;介入治疗1周后,A、B组丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)水平均高于C组(P<0.05);CT测量显示A、B组肿瘤生长率低于C组(P<0.01),且A组较B组更低(P<0.01)。H-E染色显示A组及B组肿瘤纤维组织包膜增厚,癌巢中央大片坏死,癌细胞排列松散,细胞核明显固缩,病理性核分裂减少;免疫组化染色显示A组的VEGF表达和PCNA增殖活性弱于B组。A组生存时间较B、C组延长(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论羟基乙酸乙基纤维素微球肝动脉栓塞对VX2兔肝肿瘤有良好的治疗效果,使用安全。