Objective To study microanatomy features and clinical significance of ambient cisterns and their arachnoidal membranes in detail. Methods Ambient cisterns including their shapes,borders,contents and arachnoidal membra...Objective To study microanatomy features and clinical significance of ambient cisterns and their arachnoidal membranes in detail. Methods Ambient cisterns including their shapes,borders,contents and arachnoidal membranes were observed in 20 cadaveric brains using an operating microscope. Results The展开更多
BACKGROUND The diagnosis and therapy during surgery depend largely on a full account of anatomic characteristics.Apart from regular structures,the common,less common or even uncommon anatomic variations are critical f...BACKGROUND The diagnosis and therapy during surgery depend largely on a full account of anatomic characteristics.Apart from regular structures,the common,less common or even uncommon anatomic variations are critical for procedural planning.This is especially true during craniocerebral microsurgery,where small vascular variations can affect the final surgical results and patient prognosis.CASE SUMMARY Herein,two rare variations concerning the A1(horizontal)segment of anterior cerebral artery(ACA1)were introduced.One enabled the communication between perforating branch of ACA1 and dural artery of anterior skull base,which was discovered during autopsy.The other was ophthalmic artery(OA)originating from ACA1,shown on digital angiography.CONCLUSION In this study,we found two rare anatomical variations.One was an abnormal OA originated from the anterior communicating artery.The other was a perforating branch of the A1 segment of the anterior cerebral artery,which communicated with meningeal vessels in the anterior skull base.This finding is of great significance for the treatment of anterior communicating artery aneurysm or in other anterior skull base surgery.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Studies have demonstrated that selective innervation of the sacral nerve tract to the bladder plays an important role in bladder functional reconstruction following spinal cord injury. However, there are ...BACKGROUND： Studies have demonstrated that selective innervation of the sacral nerve tract to the bladder plays an important role in bladder functional reconstruction following spinal cord injury. However, there are very few studies reporting detailed morphological characteristics of urogenital center and lumbosacral nerve roots. OBJECTIVE： To analyze the spinal cord segment of the lumbosacral spinal cord urogenital center, and to observe morphological characteristics. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A neuroanatomical study was performed at the Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Peking University Health Science Center between September 2007 and March 2008. MATERIALS： Horseradish peroxidase-conjugated cholera toxin B subunit （CB-HRP） was purchased from Sigma, USA; surgical microscope was purchased from Zhenjian Zhongtian Optical Instrument, Jiangsu Province, China; BCL-420 biological and functional experimental system was purchased from Taimeng Science and Technology, Sichuan Province, China. METHODS： A total of 36 adult, Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to groups A （n = 10）, B （n = 10）, C （n = 10）, and D （n = 6）. CB-HRP （3%, 10-15 μL） was injected into the bladder detrusor muscle （group A）, external urethral sphincter （group B）, and perineal muscles （group C）, respectively. Rats in group D were not given any treatments. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： At 72 hours after CB-HRP injection, CB-HRP-positive neurons were analyzed in lumbosacral segments using 3, 3＇, 5, 5＇-tetramethylbenzidine staining and an Olympus optic microscope, while anatomical structures in the respective spinal nerve tract were observed using a surgical microscope. RESULTS： CB-HRP-positive neurons were distributed in the L6-S1 segments of the spinal cord, and neurons primarily innervating the bladder detrusor muscle were located at the sacral parasympathetic nucleus and the intermediolateral nucleus. In addition, neurons that primarily innervate the external urethral sphincter and perineal muscles were observed in the ventrolateral portion （Onuf＇s nucleus）. The lumbar-sacral nerve roots were composed of varying nerve tracts, Le., they were typically divided into 1-2 sub-bundles, and the sub-bundles were then divided into 2-3 tiny bundles. There were extensive fibro-connections between the rootlets. CONCLUSION： The urogenital center in Sprague Dawley rats was located in the L6 -S1 segments of the spinal cord, and the rootlets were clearly observed. Therefore, this rat experimental model could be utilized for highly selective anterior/posterior rhizotomy.展开更多
文摘Objective To study microanatomy features and clinical significance of ambient cisterns and their arachnoidal membranes in detail. Methods Ambient cisterns including their shapes,borders,contents and arachnoidal membranes were observed in 20 cadaveric brains using an operating microscope. Results The
文摘BACKGROUND The diagnosis and therapy during surgery depend largely on a full account of anatomic characteristics.Apart from regular structures,the common,less common or even uncommon anatomic variations are critical for procedural planning.This is especially true during craniocerebral microsurgery,where small vascular variations can affect the final surgical results and patient prognosis.CASE SUMMARY Herein,two rare variations concerning the A1(horizontal)segment of anterior cerebral artery(ACA1)were introduced.One enabled the communication between perforating branch of ACA1 and dural artery of anterior skull base,which was discovered during autopsy.The other was ophthalmic artery(OA)originating from ACA1,shown on digital angiography.CONCLUSION In this study,we found two rare anatomical variations.One was an abnormal OA originated from the anterior communicating artery.The other was a perforating branch of the A1 segment of the anterior cerebral artery,which communicated with meningeal vessels in the anterior skull base.This finding is of great significance for the treatment of anterior communicating artery aneurysm or in other anterior skull base surgery.
基金Supported by: the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30672096
文摘BACKGROUND： Studies have demonstrated that selective innervation of the sacral nerve tract to the bladder plays an important role in bladder functional reconstruction following spinal cord injury. However, there are very few studies reporting detailed morphological characteristics of urogenital center and lumbosacral nerve roots. OBJECTIVE： To analyze the spinal cord segment of the lumbosacral spinal cord urogenital center, and to observe morphological characteristics. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A neuroanatomical study was performed at the Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Peking University Health Science Center between September 2007 and March 2008. MATERIALS： Horseradish peroxidase-conjugated cholera toxin B subunit （CB-HRP） was purchased from Sigma, USA; surgical microscope was purchased from Zhenjian Zhongtian Optical Instrument, Jiangsu Province, China; BCL-420 biological and functional experimental system was purchased from Taimeng Science and Technology, Sichuan Province, China. METHODS： A total of 36 adult, Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to groups A （n = 10）, B （n = 10）, C （n = 10）, and D （n = 6）. CB-HRP （3%, 10-15 μL） was injected into the bladder detrusor muscle （group A）, external urethral sphincter （group B）, and perineal muscles （group C）, respectively. Rats in group D were not given any treatments. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： At 72 hours after CB-HRP injection, CB-HRP-positive neurons were analyzed in lumbosacral segments using 3, 3＇, 5, 5＇-tetramethylbenzidine staining and an Olympus optic microscope, while anatomical structures in the respective spinal nerve tract were observed using a surgical microscope. RESULTS： CB-HRP-positive neurons were distributed in the L6-S1 segments of the spinal cord, and neurons primarily innervating the bladder detrusor muscle were located at the sacral parasympathetic nucleus and the intermediolateral nucleus. In addition, neurons that primarily innervate the external urethral sphincter and perineal muscles were observed in the ventrolateral portion （Onuf＇s nucleus）. The lumbar-sacral nerve roots were composed of varying nerve tracts, Le., they were typically divided into 1-2 sub-bundles, and the sub-bundles were then divided into 2-3 tiny bundles. There were extensive fibro-connections between the rootlets. CONCLUSION： The urogenital center in Sprague Dawley rats was located in the L6 -S1 segments of the spinal cord, and the rootlets were clearly observed. Therefore, this rat experimental model could be utilized for highly selective anterior/posterior rhizotomy.
