Bone Microthrombus Promotes Bone Loss in Iron Accumulation Rats

In the present study,we investigated the changes of the coagulation state,bone microthrombus,microvascular bed and bone density levels in iron accumulation rats.Meanwhile,the effect of anticoagulation therapy on bone mineral density was further investigated.We established two groups:a control(Ctrl)group and an iron intervention(FAC)group.Changes in coagulation function,peripheral blood cell counts,bone microthrombus,bone vessels and bone mineral density were compared between the two groups.We designed the non-treatment group and treatment group to study the changes of bone mineral density by preventing microthrombus formation with the anticoagulant fondaparinux.We found that the fbrinogen and D-dimer contents were significantly higher,whereas the thrombin time(TT)and prothrombin time(PT)were significantly shorter in the FAC group.After ink staining,the microvascular bed in the FAC group was significantly reduced compared with that in the Ctrl group.HE and Martius Scarlet Blue(MSB)staining showed microthrombus in the bone marrow of the iron accumulation rats.Following anticoagulation therapy,the bone microcirculation vascular bed areas in the treatment group rats were significantly increased.Furthermore,the bone mineral density was increased in the treatment group compared with that in the non-treatment group.Through experiments,we found that the blood in iron accumulation rat was relatively hypercoagulable;moreover,there was microthrombus in the bone marrow,and the bone vascular bed was reduced.Additionally,anticoagulation was helpful for improving bone microcirculation,reducing microthrombus and decreasing bone loss.

Blood pH in coronary artery microthrombosis of rats

Objective:To study the mechanism and significance of pH change in the coronary artery microthrombosis of rats.Methods:After the sodium laurate-induced model of coronary artery microthrombosis of rats was constructed,the vascular endothelial cells were separated and then cultured in the mediums with different pH values for 24 h.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the content of von Willebrand factor(vWF) in the medium;while the real-time PCR and western blot assay were used to detect the expression of fibrinogenlike protein 2(FGL2) at the mRNA and protein level.The comprehensive evaluation was performed to discuss the effect of pH change on the coronary artery microthrombosis of rats.Results:The expression level of vWF detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was 336.67±24.95,311.33±14.98,359.67±39.63,354.67±49.01 and 332.00±33.42(pg/mL) respectively;while the expression of vWF in the model group was 570.00±57.94,524.67±57.94,437.00±95.38,415.33±44.38 and 444.67±74.31 respectively.Being cultured under the different pH values,the relative expression level of FGL2 mRNA in the model group was 7.93±0.93,6.70±0.70.5.03±0.32,5.13±0:40 and 5.57±0.83 respectively.Conclusions:The coronary artery microthrombosis of rats can cause the high expression and secretion of vWF.Meanwhile,FGL2 is also up-regulated in the thrombosis and such up-regulation is more significant in the condition with low pH,which indicates that the low-pH condition may be one of factors that contribute to the cardiovascular diseases.