不同生活条件下东方田鼠内脏器官比较

Microtus fortis calamorum inhabit on the beach of Dongting Lake from winter to spring, and hereafter are forced to migrate into rice field by flood and live there until autumn usually. We had compared the viscera indices (viscera indices=viscera weight/body weight×100g, including heart, lung, liver, spleen, kidney, stomach without content and testis) and intestinal tract length of M.fortis calamorum from the beach of Dongting Lake in spring, the rice field in autumn and laboratory populations. There were significant differences in the indices of liver, spleen, kidney and stomach of females among the three habitats, and so were the indices of heart, spleen, kidney, stomach and testis of males. The spleen indices of wild voles from the beach of Dongting Lake and rice field were conspicuously bigger than that of laboratory ones. The length of caecum, large+small intestine and total intestinal tract of wild voles were significantly longer than that of laboratory ones, and the length of caecum of voles from the beach of Dongting Lake were significantly longer than that of animals from the rice field. The results suggest that the bigger spleen of wild voles is probably an immunoreation to the infection of the animalcule and schistosome, and that the intestinal tract length is related to the food quality and the requirement of energy and nutrition. The caecum length extends with the increase of the cellulose in the food.

东方田鼠头骨和脏器的形态学指标

对实验室封闭群第 7、8代东方田鼠 (Microtusfortiscalamorum)头骨和脏器的形态学指标进行了测量 ,并探讨了各指标在雌雄间、年龄组间的差异及其与体重的关系。结果表明 ,头骨大小在亚成年雌雄鼠间无显著差异 ,成年雄鼠显著大于成年雌鼠 ;脏器绝对和相对指标雌雄鼠间差异不显著。头骨指标、脏器绝对指标成年鼠显著长于或大于亚成年鼠 ,肝、肾脏、睾丸相对重量以及盲肠、大小肠相对长度在年龄组间差异显著。头骨和脏器指标 (Y)与体重 (X)的关系为Y =aXb,头骨形态指标、脏器绝对重量或长度与体重正相关 ,脏器相对重量或长度除睾丸与体重正相关外其余均与体重负相关。