Optimization of large-area YBa_(2)Cu_(3)O_(7-δ)thin films by pulsed laser deposition for planar microwave devices

This paper presents high quality YBa_(2)Cu_(3)O_(7-δ)(YBCO)thin films on LaAlO_(3)substrate for microwave devices prepared by pulsed laser deposition(PLD).The double-sided YBCO films cover a large area and have been optimized for key parameters relevant to microwave device applications,such as surface morphology and surface resistance(R_(s)).This was achieved by improving the target quality and increasing the oxygen pressure during deposition,respectively.To evaluate the suitability of the YBCO films for microwave devices,a pair of microwave filters based on microstrip fabricated on films from this work and a commercial company were compared.The results show that the YBCO films in this work could completely meet the requirements for microwave devices.

Magnetoelectric Multiferroic Composites： Phenomena and Devices

Detailed mathematical modelling approaches that are used to describe the dynamic behaviour of magnetoelectric coupling in magnetostrictive-piezoelectric multiferroics at low-frequencies, in electromechanical resonance region and at microwave range are discussed. The ME （magnetoelectric） voltage coefficients were estimated from the known material parameters. The feasibility for creating new class of functional devices based on magnetoelectric interactions is addressed.

Effect of Cu doping on the secondary electron yield of carbon films on Ag-plated aluminum alloy

Reducing the secondary electron yield(SEY)of Ag-plated aluminum alloy is important for high-power microwave components.In this work,Cu doped carbon films are prepared and the secondary electron emission characteristics are studied systematically.The secondary electron coefficientδ_(max) of carbon films increases with the Cu contents increasing at first,and then decreases to 1.53 at a high doping ratio of 0.645.From the viewpoint of surface structure,the higher the content of Cu is,the rougher the surface is,since more cluster particles appear on the surface due to the small solid solubility of Cu in the amorphous carbon network.However,from viewpoint of the electronic structure,the reduction of the sp2 hybrid bonds will increase the SEY effect as the content of Cu increases,due to the decreasing probability of collision with free electrons.Thus,the two mechanisms would compete and coexist to affect the SEY characteristics in Cu doped carbon films.

Ferromagnetic resonance frequency shift model of laminated magnetoelectric structure tuned by electric field

Based on Smith-Beljers theory and classical laminate theory, an explicit model is proposed for the ferromagnetic resonance （FMR） frequency shift of a stress-mediumed laminated magnetoelectric structure tuned by an electric field. This model can effectively predict the experimental phenomenon that the FMR frequency increases under a parallel magnetic field and decreases under a perpendicular magnetic field when the electric field ranges from - 10 kV/m to 10 kV/m. Besides, this theory further shows that the FMR frequency increases monotonically as the angle between the direction of the external magnetic field and the outside normal direction of the laminated structure increases, and the frequency will increase as great as 7 GHz. In addition, when the angle reaches a certain critical value, the external electric field fails to tune the FMR frequency. When the angle is above the critical value, the increase of the electric field induces the FMR frequency to increase, and the opposite scenario happens when it is below the critical value. When the angle is 90~ （parallel magnetic field）, the FMR frequency is the most sensitive to the change of the electric field.

Lumped-equivalent circuit model for multi-stage cascaded magnetoelectric dual-tunable bandpass filter

A lumped-equivalent circuit model of a novel magnetoelectric tunable bandpass filter, which is realized in the form of multi-stage cascading between a plurality of magnetoelectric laminates, is established in this paper for convenient analysis.The multi-stage cascaded filter is degraded to the coupling microstrip filter with only one magnetoelectric laminate and then compared with the existing experiment results. The comparison reveals that the insertion loss curves predicted by the degraded circuit model are in good agreement with the experiment results and the predicted results of the electromagnetic field simulation, thus the validity of the model is verified. The model is then degraded to the two-stage cascaded magnetoelectric filter with two magnetoelectric laminates. It is revealed that if the applied external bias magnetic or electric fields on the two magnetoelectric laminates are identical, then the passband of the filter will drift under the changed external field; that is to say, the filter has the characteristics of external magnetic field tunability and electric field tunability. If the applied external bias magnetic or electric fields on two magnetoelectric laminates are different, then the passband will disappear so that the switching characteristic is achieved. When the same magnetic fields are applied to the laminates, the passband bandwidth of the two-stage cascaded magnetoelectric filter with two magnetoelectric laminates becomes nearly doubled in comparison with the passband filter which contains only one magnetoelectric laminate. The bandpass effect is also improved obviously. This research will provide a theoretical basis for the design, preparation, and application of a new high performance magnetoelectric tunable microwave device.

Modes decomposition in particle-in-cell software CEMPIC

The numerical method of modes analysis and decomposition of the output signal in 3D electromagnetic particle-in-cell simulation is presented. By the method, multiple modes can be resolved at one time using a set of diagnostic data, the amplitudes and the phases of the specified modes can all be given separately. Based on the method, the output signals of one X-band tri-bend mode converter used for one high power microwave device, with ionization process in the device due to the strong normal electric field, are analyzed and decomposed.

Mode control in a high-gain relativistic klystron amplifier

Middle cavities between the input and output cavity can be used to decrease the required input RF power for the relativistic klystron amplifier. Meanwhile higher modes, which affect the working mode, are also easy to excite in a device with more middle cavities. In order for the positive feedback process for higher modes to be excited, a special measure is taken to increase the threshold current for such modes. Higher modes＇ excitation will be avoided when the threshold current is significantly larger than the beam current. So a high-gain S-band relativistic klystron amplifier is designed for the beam of current 5 kA and beam voltage 600 kV. Particle in cell simulations show that the gain is 1.6 × 10^5 with the input RF power of 6.8 kW, and that the output RF power reaches 1.1 GW.

RF phase jitter in a klystron amplifier

RF phase jitter is a very important parameter for a relativistic klystron amplifier. This parameter is closely linked with the physics processes in the klystron. RF phase jitter is theoretically studied together with Particle in Cell （PIC） simulations in the paper. The main factor is deduced and verified in the PIC simulation. RF phase jitter is significantly affected by the fluctuation of the beam voltage. The relation between the phase jitter and the voltage fluctuation is linear in certain ranges.