A New Hadrosauroid Dinosaur from the Mid-Cretaceous of Liaoning, China

A new hadrosauroid dinosaur, Shuangmiaosaurus gilmorei gen. et sp. nov., is described based on a complete left maxilla with articulated premaxilla and lacrimal fragments, and a complete left dentary from the mid-Cretaceous Sunjiawan Formation of Beipiao, Liaoning, northeastern China. Cladistic analysis shows that Shuangmiaosaurus is a basal hadrosauroid, and comprises the sister taxon to Hadrosauridae. In both Shuangmiaosaurus and Hadrosauridae, the maxilla-jugal suture is butt-jointed, rather than finger-in-recess articulation as in other basal hadrosauroids. However, Shuangmiaosaurus does not possess such hadrosaurid synapomorphies as the diamond-shaped maxillary crowns with reduced primary ridges and reduced marginal denticles.

Revisiting Mid-Holocene Temperature over China Using PMIP3 Simulations

Using the simulations performed by 15 cli mate models under the latest protocol of the Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project(PMIP)Phase 3(PMIP3),the authors revisited the annual and seasona temperature changes over China during the mid-Holocene Similar to the previous results produced by PMIP Phase 1(PMIP1)and 2(PMIP2)models,14(15)of the 15 PMIP3models reproduced colder annual(boreal winter and spring)temperature in response to mid-Holocene insola tion changes,with an average cooling of 0.33 K(1.31 K and 1.58 K)over China.The mid-Holocene boreal sum mer(autumn)temperature increased in all(13)of the 15PMIP3 models,with an average warming of 1.02 K(0.61K)at the national scale.Those changes simulated by the PMIP3 models were similar to those from the PMIP2simulations but generally weaker than those from the PMIP1 models.A considerable mismatch still existed between the simulated cooling by the PMIP3 models and the reconstructed warming for annual and winter tem peratures over China during the mid-Holocene,as wa also the case between the previous PMIP1/2 simulation and proxy data.

An Anomalous Seamount on the Southwestern Mid-Ridge of the South China Sea

Objective The development of continental rifting and seafloor spreading can be predominated by magmatic upwelling （magma-rich） or tectonic stretching （magma-poor）. Located in the terminal portion of propagating seafloor spreading of the South China Sea （SCS）, the southwestern mid-ridge of the southwest sub-basin （SWSB） of the SCS was found with much thin crust and numerous faulted blocks coupling with magma-poor continental margins along its flanks. Therefore, the southwestern part of the SWSB is most likely to be a tectonic-dominated basin. To justify the hypothesis with further evidence, we investigated the nature of seamounts on the southwestern mid-ridge of the SWSB which may inherit seafloor spreading.

Infl uence of environmental regulation intensity on regional technology innovation: An empirical research based on eastern and mid-China region

This paper adopts the comprehensive index method to build environmental regulation intensity index. Based on "Porter Hypothesis", it empirically examines the relationship between environmental regulation intensity and regional technology innovation using the eastern and mid-China region's provincial panel data from 2005 to 2013 and panel data method. The results show that:(1) In the eastern and central regions, the relationship between the intensity of environmental regulation and technological innovation presents a "U" shape, and "Porter Hypothesis" can be verifi ed;(2) The eastern region can break "U" infl ection point earlier than the central region. Therefore, the government should not only strengthen the intensity of environmental regulation, but also pay attention to environmental regulation form, formulate reasonable environmental regulation policy, actively guide the enterprises to seek out technology innovation in order to realize win-win situation of environmental protection and economic development.

Enhanced seasonality of surface air temperature over China during the mid-Holocene

利用PMIP4多模式试验数据,作者量化了中全新世(距今约6000年)中国温度季节性变化.结果表明:相对于工业革命前期,所有16个模式一致模拟显示中全新世我国温度季节性(即夏季与冬季温差)增强,平均增幅9%;这与该时期轨道强迫引起的地表能量通量的季节对比变化密切相关,其中净短波辐射起主导作用,净长波辐射作用次之,感热和潜热为负贡献;与模拟不同,重建结果存在不确定性。

EBD Methodology in the Education in the Mid-west University of China

Due to the impact of globalization,more and more universities in China dedicate to improve the quality of undergraduate education.The particular emphasis was given on the universities in Mid-west university of China,where the economics and transportation facility are relatively less developed comparing to other regions.In contrast of the traditional methodologies of social science,this research was conducted using an engineering design methodology,called Environment-Based Design(EBD).The EBD procedure allows to derive the solutions step-by-step based on a holistic environment analysis and thus an identification of major challenges.

Objective identification research on cold vortex and mid-summer rainy periods in Northeast China

Considering the differences between the Northeast China Cold Vortex （CV） and the Mid-Summer （MS） rainy period and their corresponding atmospheric circulations are comprehensively analyzed, and the objective identification methods of defining the annual beginning and ending dates of Northeast China CV and MS rainy periods are developed respectively. The annual beginning date of the CV （MS） rainy period is as follows. In a period from April to August, if daily regional mean precipitation ryi is larger than yearly regional mean precipitation R （or 2R） on a certain day, the station precipitation rs is larger than the station yearly mean precipitation （r/ （or 2（r）） in at least 50% of stations in Northeast China, and this condition is satisfied in the following 2 （7） days, then this date is defined as the beginning date of the CV （MS） rainy period. While the definition of the ending date of the MS rainy period shows the opposite process to its beginning date. With this objective identification method, the multi-year average （1981-2010） beginning date of the CV rainy period is May 3, the beginning date of the MS rainy period is June 27, the ending day of the CV rainy period is defined as the day before the beginning date of the MS rainy period, and the ending date of the MS rainy period is August 29. Meanwhile, corresponding anomaly analysis at a 500-hPa geopotential height, 850-hPa wind, Omega and relative humidity fields all show that the definitions of the average beginning and ending dates of the CV and MS rainy periods have a certain circulation meaning. Furthermore, the daily evolution of the CV index, meridional and zonal wind index, etc. all show that these objectively defined beginning and ending dates of the CV and MS rainy periods have climate significance.

ARM处理器在我国MID领域的现状及发展趋势

结合近年来MID产品需求的快速增长,分析了目前ARM处理器在MID领域的应用。详细介绍了国内主要的ARM处理器设计公司,以及在互联网云技术发展热潮下,MID产品的核芯ARM处理器在我国发展优势及趋势。

A Decadal Shift of Summer Surface Air Temperature over Northeast Asia around the Mid-1990s

This study identifies a decadal shift of summer surface air temperature （SAT） over Northeast Asia,including southeastern parts of Russia,Mongolia and northern China,around the mid-1990s.The results suggest that the SAT over the Northeast Asia experienced a significant warming after 1994 relative to that before 1993.This decadal shift also extends to northern China,and leads to a warmer summer over Northeast China and North China after the mid-1990s.The decadal warming over Northeast Asia is found to concur with the enhancement of South China rainfall around the mid-1990s.On the one hand,both the Northeast Asian SAT and South China rainfall exhibit this mid-1990s decadal shift only in summer,but not in other seasons.On the other hand,both the Northeast Asian SAT and South China rainfall exhibit this mid-1990s decadal shift not only in the summer seasonal mean,but also in each month of summer （June,July and August）.Furthermore,the decadal warming is found to result from an anticyclonic anomaly over Northeast Asia,which can be interpreted as the response to the increased precipitation over South China,according to previous numerical results.Thus,we conclude that the warming shift of summer Northeast Asian SAT around the mid-1990s was a remote response to the increased precipitation over South China.

Precipitation Pattern of the Mid-Holocene Simulated by a High-Resolution Regional Climate Model

Early proxy-based studies suggested that there potentially occurred a ＂southern drought/northern flood＂ （SDNF） over East China in the mid-Holocene （from roughly 7000 to 5000 years before present）.In this study,we used both global and regional atmospheric circulation models to demonstrate that the SDNF-namely,the precipitation increases over North China and decreases over the the lower reaches of the Yangtze River Valley--could have taken place in the mid-Holocene.We found that the SDNF in the mid-Holocene was likely caused by the lower SST in the Pacific.The lowered SST and the higher air temperature over China's Mainland increased the land-sea thermal contrast and,as a result,strengthened the East Asian summer monsoon and enhanced the precipitation over North China.

Contribution of Mountain River Materials to the Continental Shelf off Southeastern Hainan Island Since the Mid-Holocene

The concentrations of rare earth elements(REEs)in the bulk sediment of Core X2,which was collected from southeastern Hainan Island,were analyzed to investigate the relative contributions of various provenance regions since mid-Holocene.The results show that sediments in Core X2 were primarily derived from Hainan Island with lesser amounts from Taiwan and limited input from the Pearl River.Based on the application of quantitative inversion to model the REE data,the average contributions of river materials from southeastern Hainan Island and southwestern Taiwan to the study area were 68%and 32%,respectively.Furthermore,starting at 4.0 kyr BP,the transport of fluvial sediments from Taiwan to the study region increased due to enhanced hydrodynamics in South China Sea(SCS).These results indicate that the contributions of mountain river materials from Hainan Island and Taiwan to the continental shelf of northern SCS are non-negligible.Furthermore,these results demonstrate that mountain rivers can play an important role in the material cycle of continental margins and may feature a greater impact than large river systems in specific continental shelf areas.

COMPARISON OF THE STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DEVELOPED VERSUS UNDEVELOPED MID-LEVEL VORTEXES

Using the NCEP 1°×1°reanalysis data,several obvious differences of the structural characteristics of developed versus undeveloped mid-level vortexes are studied.First,the central vorticity of the developed mid-level vortex increases towards higher levels while the undeveloped one decreases.The low-level convergence structure maintains well in the developed mid-level vortex whereas the undeveloped one does badly.Second,on the one hand,according to the symmetric analysis,the horizontal wind field and wind vertical section of the developed mid-level vortex are well symmetric while those of the undeveloped one are less symmetric.Meanwhile,weak wind vertical shear help the developed mid-level vortex to establish a warm core in upper-and mid-levels of the troposphere.On the other hand,according to the balance analysis,better balance between wind and pressure is shown in the mid-and lower-levels of the troposphere of the developed mid-level vortex than in those of the undeveloped vortex.Third,positive anomaly of potential vorticity is enhanced and developed in the vertical direction of the developed vortex.However,the undeveloped vortex weakens with a weak positive anomaly.

中全新世福建沿海地区海平面波动:基于NDQK5岩芯介形类化石记录

福建沿海地区第四系较为发育,是研究晚更新世以来相对海平面变化的理想区域。本文以福建宁德NDQK5岩芯中产出的高分辨率介形类化石为研究对象,结合加速器质谱法(accelerator mass spectrometry,AMS)14C和光释光测年技术建立岩芯年代框架,重建了中全新世期间福建沿海地区的相对海平面变化。结果显示,NDQK5岩芯中的介形类化石记录主要分布于4~17.1 m段,对应年代约为8.2~6.9 ka BP。岩芯内共计识别出海相介形类23属26种,根据优势种以及特征种的相对丰度变化特征可将岩芯内的介形类动物群划分为3个组合:①介形类组合A以Bicornucythere bisanensis和Sinocytheridea impressa为主,代表潮下带环境;②介形类组合B以Sinocytheridea impressa和Neomonoceratina delicata为优势种,指示近岸内陆架的沉积环境;③介形类组合C以Sinocytheridea impressa和Loxoconcha ocellifera为主,代表潮间带的沉积环境。基于介形类组合的分布特征,本文推断福建沿海地区海平面约在8.2~7.4 ka BP期间持续上升,并在约7.9~7.4 ka BP区间达到最高;7.4~7.0 ka BP期间海平面下降,随后再次上升。因此,介形类化石记录指示福建沿海地区在全新世高海平面背景下依然存在相对海平面的次一级波动。同时,结合已有福建沿海地区海平面变化驱动机制的研究结果,本研究推断8.2~7 ka BP期间福建沿海地区的海平面变化可能主要受控于冰盖融水;7 ka BP后该地区的海平面波动可能受控于“冰川-水均衡调整”作用。

“美丽中国中脊带”西南段可持续发展路径研究

东西部发展失衡问题是长期以来制约中国社会经济发展的结构性与全局性问题。在国家生态文明建设与乡村振兴战略实施背景下,建设“美丽中国中脊带”作为缩小东西部发展不平衡的战略抓手具有重要的现实意义。“中脊带”西南段是我国西部大开发战略与“一带一路”倡议的重要发展区域,然而当地有限的自然与社会承载能力与政策所带来的经济红利之间的矛盾严重阻碍西南段的发展,因此亟需探索西南段的可持续发展路径。采用耦合协调度模型(CCDM)对2010—2019年“中脊带”西南段245个县的经济—社会—环境三系统协调发展情况、空间聚集特征进行了探讨。结果表明:“中脊带”西南段整体协调发展态势向好,然而区域发展不平衡现象十分突出。热点主要集中于以成渝城市群为核心的东北部,该地区三大子系统同步发展现象突出;冷点则主要分布在西南部少数民族聚居地区,区域内大多数县的经济与社会系统滞后于环境系统发展。此外,研究还发现不同的行政区划、生态本底、经济发展状况与协调发展水平的差异存在一定的联系。

利用洋中脊玄武岩中橄榄石斑晶制约南海打开的地幔动力学机制

地幔柱与板块构造是地球运行的两大基本动力学机制。南海及其周缘地区处于海南地幔柱与东南亚环形俯冲系统时空交汇的背景,而新生代地幔柱在南海形成演化过程中所扮演的角色存在颇多争议。地幔源区富含辉石岩是南海及其周缘与地幔柱活动相关的玄武岩的共有特征,基于此推测,本文利用国际大洋发现计划(IODP)367航次在南海北缘U1500B站位钻遇的南海扩张初期洋中脊玄武岩(MORB)的橄榄石成分来制约南海扩张初期的地幔岩性,以检验南海扩张初期是否存在地幔柱-洋脊叠加。U1500B MORB所含橄榄石斑晶的Fo=76.4~89.4,NiO=0.09%~0.26%,CaO=0.25%~0.34%,MnO=0.16%~0.33%。这些橄榄石斑晶具有与南海西南次海盆扩张末期U1433B钻孔的MORB以及全球其他开放大洋MORB相似的NiO、CaO、MnO含量和FeO/MnO比值,代表其源区岩性主要为橄榄岩。U1500B钻孔MORB与该区存在地幔柱叠加的基性岩浆所含橄榄石斑晶成分的差异显著,表明南海扩张初期不存在地幔柱叠加,与前人估计的U1500B洋中脊玄武岩的正常地幔潜能温度(~1380℃)相符合。由于南海扩张初期洋中脊岩浆产率高,但缺乏地幔热异常和易融组分如辉石岩等,推测其地幔中可能有较多的早前俯冲板片贡献的再循环挥发分来维持高岩浆产率。所以,俯冲板片后撤导致的岩石圈伸展可能是南海打开的主要动力学机制。

“美丽中国中脊带”城市扩张特征与区域比较

研究目的:量化土地利用变化时空分布特征,识别城市扩张过程阶段性特征,以胡焕庸线为界对比两侧特征差异。研究方法:采用强度分析方法与城市扩张特征识别模型,基于1990—2020年4期土地利用数据,从长期尺度上挖掘“美丽中国中脊带”内114个城市土地利用变化信息,辨析城市扩张机制。研究结果:(1)胡焕庸线东南侧城市用地占比高于西北侧。研究区城市用地的增加情况一直处于“活跃”状态,且胡焕庸线东南侧城市扩张面积要远高于西北侧。城市用地的扩张来源地类主要是耕地、未利用地以及水域。(2)研究区内城市扩张具有阶段性特征,共识别出4个扩张阶段:早期阶段、中期阶段、后期阶段、终期阶段。整体来看,进入后期、终期扩张阶段的城市主要位于研究区中部和东北部。(3)到2020年,胡焕庸线东南侧城市处于中期、后期、终期阶段的城市占比近80%,而胡焕庸线西北侧处于早期和中期的城市占比为76.9%,处于后期和终期阶段的城市仅占比23.1%。这一对比表明胡焕庸线两侧的发展不平衡现象仍旧显著。研究结论:胡焕庸线两侧的城市扩张水平存在显著分异性特征,应结合城市所处扩张阶段,综合考虑各阶段城市发展现状以及发展前景,因地制宜地探索区域协调发展导向下的城市管理政策,以助推城市可持续发展。

510年来中国东中部地区气候干湿变化研究

选择上海、武汉、天津和西安为典型区,以1470—1979年逐年干湿等级序列为基本数据源,应用墨西哥帽小波变换方法,对中国东中部地区近510a来不同时间尺度下的气候干湿变化与气候突变特征进行分析,并探讨气候干湿变化的动因。结果显示:19世纪以前气候干湿变化表现出较明显的东西差异;小冰期事件、18世纪气候温和期等非局地性事件在较大区域都有反应,但各地的具体响应程度、方式和时间均有差异;在20世纪气候变暖的大背景下,各地气候均向偏干旱方向演变。百年以上尺度气候干湿变化的原因主要是太阳辐射及其引起的大气环流变化,百年以下尺度的变化则与季风系统短尺度波动、区内各个大气环流系统的相互作用、局地下垫面差异和人类活动等复杂因素的影响有关。

中部地区农民工培训问题研究

我国中部地区农民工培训存在的主要问题是农民工受教育程度普遍偏低、农民工承担不起培训费用、政府投入不到位、对农民工培训的宣传力度不够。这些问题严重制约了中部地区农民工培训的发展,必须认真分析影响农民工培训的各种因素,提高认识,根据农民工的特点和要求,充分利用社会资源,加大政府对劳动力培训的力度,以促进农民工的有序流动。

中部地区省域中心城市竞争力差异与协调发展研究

中心城市是区域发展的核心,是经济区域内生产和交换集中的地方,承担组织和协调区域经济活动的作用。利用主成分分析法,对中心城市竞争力进行定量化研究,在此基础上对中部省域中心城市的发展现状、存在问题及发展潜力与条件、竞争力差异等进行了研究,认为中部地区多中心竞争是限制竞争力、协调与持续发展的主要原因,合作与互动是中部地区整合优势与协调发展的路径选择。结合"两型社会"建设的要求,从区域经济、产业、要素流等方面提出了通过加强自主创新、促进区域合作、发展现代服务经济等培育竞争力与协调发展战略。

中部地区城市群经济发展与生态环境协调性定量分析

城市群作为区域经济发展的增长极,其经济发展与生态环境的协调度在很大程度上能代表区域经济发展与生态环境的协调度。通过构建经济发展与生态环境的协调度模型和绘制经济与生态环境协调性判别模式图定量分析中部地区城市群的经济发展与生态环境的协调性。测算结果显示太原城市圈经济发展与生态环境协调性最差,环鄱阳湖城市群最优。将中部城市群39个城市分为6大类,协调度为正值的城市可分为三种类型:经济水平与生态环境水平双优型、经济效益基本协调型、生态效益基本协调型;协调度为负值的城市亦分为三种类型:经济水平与生态环境水平双低型、经济效益冲突型、生态效益冲突型。