Due to the symbiotic relations between oil and the contemporary Middle East, a global energy transition is bound to affect the Middle East's international status and the power structure among its countries. The po...Due to the symbiotic relations between oil and the contemporary Middle East, a global energy transition is bound to affect the Middle East's international status and the power structure among its countries. The power gap between rich and poor countries will widen, and the “big politics of small states” in countries such as the United Arab Emirates and Qatar may become more prominent. As economic development has become the top priority of national strategies, many hot spots in the Middle East have cooled down as relations between rival countries have eased and there are even signs of multilateral economic cooperation. Meanwhile, there are signs of vicious economic competition among related countries. With the decline of the Middle East's global importance, the United States and Europe are moving further away while the interdependence between Asia and the Middle East is increasing. Reforms to tackle the energy transition in the Middle East are a race against time, difficult, and uncertain, but the signs so far are positive.展开更多
The strategic withdrawal of the U.S.,the relaxation of strained relations between Israel and Arab countries,the waning of Political Islam,and the faltering foundation of the oil economy have contributed to the histori...The strategic withdrawal of the U.S.,the relaxation of strained relations between Israel and Arab countries,the waning of Political Islam,and the faltering foundation of the oil economy have contributed to the historical transition in Middle East politics.Global great powers,as well as Middle Eastern countries,have been shifting alliances in light of different issues.Such a concurrence of well-matched protagonists in Middle East politics and such a complicated divergence among camps have never occurred previously.Vacuums of order,ideologies,and resources have coexisted and interacted.Middle Eastern countries have been witnessing major changes unfolding globally,regionally,and domestically,which may usher in an era of chaos,change,or both.Compared with previous changes,the pending transition will reside to a larger extent in the hands of Middle Eastern countries and their people.展开更多
In the second decade of the 21st century,turmoil in the Middle East is doomed to be one of the chief events of international politics.The basic characteristics of the Middle East politics has changed,due to complicate...In the second decade of the 21st century,turmoil in the Middle East is doomed to be one of the chief events of international politics.The basic characteristics of the Middle East politics has changed,due to complicated reasons related to political turbulence,the change of energy structure,the adjustments in the policies of the leading world powers,and other factors.These changes could well be a beginning of the long-term trend,and eventually change the history of the Middle East politics.展开更多
Since the end of the Cold War,China and the United States have expanded their presence in the Middle East along parallel tracks,with China maintaining a basic attitude characterized by noncooperation,nonsupport,and no...Since the end of the Cold War,China and the United States have expanded their presence in the Middle East along parallel tracks,with China maintaining a basic attitude characterized by noncooperation,nonsupport,and nonconfrontation toward the United States.Recent years,however,have witnessed an increasingly apparent strategic confrontation between the two at the global level.Their conflicts have remained limited to the middle layer,due to the relatively adequate amount of strategic space that exists there,but have been growing increasingly tense structurally and bilaterally.The deteriorating environments at both the top and the bottom layers have exerted pressures that squeeze the core in the middle.As a result,the status quo relationship between the two countries is unsustainable,and their coexistence in the Middle East will enter a new phase.In the short term,the two countries may undergo a period of transition,based on their strategic choices,in the Middle East.Given the current context in which the Indo-Pacific region and Europe have become involved in the global rivalry between China and the United States,the direction where the Middle East may be heading could shed light on the future of Latin America and Africa as well.展开更多
Arab countries have been faced with a large scale Middle Eastern upheaval,which has attracted the attention of all the Middle Eastern countries and international community.The current situation is primarily related to...Arab countries have been faced with a large scale Middle Eastern upheaval,which has attracted the attention of all the Middle Eastern countries and international community.The current situation is primarily related to the important location of the Middle East.Nearly all the Arab countries are involved in the upheaval.Omnifarious appeals are claimed by the people,including political,economic and social aspects.The problems have been accumulating for years,and the Middle East upheaval in 2011 was an overall outburst of people’s dissatisfaction.The cost of the unrest is high despite the social progress it may promote.At present,a fragile peace is realized in Syria though the prospect of future development is unclear.Since the outbreak of the Middle East upheaval,China has adopted a principle of“non-intervention in other’s internal affairs”and“mediating for peace while promoting talks”policy,which is appropriate and proactive.China should adhere to this practice in the future despite the voices of opposition and temporary misunderstanding.展开更多
Due to more than one-year’s upheaval,many Middle Eastern countries experienced regime change,and Syria is the next target and center of this political swirl.The rise of Islamic force is a serious problem for these co...Due to more than one-year’s upheaval,many Middle Eastern countries experienced regime change,and Syria is the next target and center of this political swirl.The rise of Islamic force is a serious problem for these countries in transition to deal with.Because of this upheaval,the Middle Eastern configuration is facing challenges;the contradiction within regional powers is experiencing growth and decline.The adjustment of America’s Middle East policy has affected the trend of Middle East situation.China’s“non-interference in others’internal affairs”principle gains international society’s interpretation,and China’s diplomacy towards the Middle East is facing important opportunity and enormous challenges.China should seize the opportunity and seek the new development of China-Middle East relations.展开更多
During the political upheaval in the Middle East in 2011,the Western countries adopted a policy focusing on both military intervention and the so-called“humanitarian interference”in the Middle East countries.Europe,...During the political upheaval in the Middle East in 2011,the Western countries adopted a policy focusing on both military intervention and the so-called“humanitarian interference”in the Middle East countries.Europe,the US and other Western powers distorted the“legitimacy”authorized by the UN and took military means to impose regime change in Libya,seriously disrupting the order of international relations.Their intervention efforts in this have far exceeded the ones before the Cold War.In the Intervention,they tried to secure legalization of their intervention,to take collective intervention,as well as nurture and support the country’s opposition parties to cause the“civil war”approach as the model of intervention.Their intervention has been blatant,fraudulent,hidden,and mandatory.From the development trend,because of the importance of the geopolitical position and strategic energy position of the Middle East and North Africa,as well as Western powers’pursuit of global geopolitical interests,the Western powers’intervention in the Middle East and North Africa will continue.These countries will still be faced with the historical responsibility to oppose power intervention.Their self-development and ability to maintain their own security will continue to face serious challenges.展开更多
The international system is at a historical moment of renewal.As the unipolar order declines,various forces are rising,among which China has already become an important force in constructing a new world order.Quiet bu...The international system is at a historical moment of renewal.As the unipolar order declines,various forces are rising,among which China has already become an important force in constructing a new world order.Quiet but revolutionary changes have occurred in China's diplomatic philosophy and practices as the country becomes more deeply ingrained into the international system.Under the background of great changes,the political situation in the Middle East has also quietly changed..With the weakening of the impact of external forces,many new energies in this region are coming to life.The future development of relations between European and United States powers,and their policy changes will bring a far-reaching impact on the political situation in the Middle East.China's diplomacy in the Middle East will become more active and aggressive.Meanwhile,China will concentrate more on the multi-lateral cooperation and its co-ordination with Europe and United States.展开更多
Wide range cooperation and close bilateral relations between China and Iran have been under huge pressure from the US-led West.The main objective of this paper is to analyze what lines behind the China-Iran relations,...Wide range cooperation and close bilateral relations between China and Iran have been under huge pressure from the US-led West.The main objective of this paper is to analyze what lines behind the China-Iran relations,mainly from three dimensions,i.e.,economic,nuclear and strategic issues.We argue that the China-Iran relations are determined by domestic situations in both countries and international strategic environment,influenced by the shift of US geopolitical strategy in recent years.China should not be blamed for the failure of sanctions against Iran for its nuclear issues as she is not a so-called ally of Iran.The Iran nuclear issues can be solved by the use of US“smart power”and collective efforts derived from international cooperation between concerned powers and geopolitical players.展开更多
Constitutionalism has more than a century of history in the Muslim world.More recently,Iran and Iraq,two countries with populations comprised of Shi’a majorities with a strong presence in the layout of political powe...Constitutionalism has more than a century of history in the Muslim world.More recently,Iran and Iraq,two countries with populations comprised of Shi’a majorities with a strong presence in the layout of political power,appear to have embarked on divergent routes with regard to the formal blueprints of public authority.Yet as this research demonstrates,due to an absence of robust institutional arrangements and lack of efficient mechanisms of revision and entrenchment,comparable outcomes can be observed in the form of political systems that have consistently failed to uphold various elements of popular sovereignty,which the constitutions themselves claim to be endorsing.This study aims at providing a closer examination of important elements of popular constitutional sovereignty by examining key normative,institutional and procedural settings in both contexts to evaluate critically the constitutional arrangements in two prominent republican settings in the Muslim world.The author will argue that in both cases certain highlighted fundamental shortfalls could lead one to regard both texts as“sham constitutions”.This study draws upon theoretical principles of comparative constitutional analysis.展开更多
After decades of living under oppressive dictatorships,the people of the Arab world are rising up against their countries’leadership.For over nine months now,we have been witnessing massive,large scale,and peaceful d...After decades of living under oppressive dictatorships,the people of the Arab world are rising up against their countries’leadership.For over nine months now,we have been witnessing massive,large scale,and peaceful demonstrations spreading all over the Arab Middle Eastern countries.These mass civic demonstrations have been given many names,including the Arab Spring,Arab uprising,turmoil,tumult,chaos,Arab awakening,Arab revolution,revolt,etc.It is a reform movement on the march that was first started in Tunisia,which moved to Egypt,and then swept across the region to include Yemen,Bahrain,Libya and Syria.Activists in the rest of the Arab world such as Algeria,Jordan,Kuwait,Morocco and Saudi Arabia,were also inspired by the revolts and calls for reform which had been sweeping the Arab world.Protesters and human rights groups from these countries congregate frequently at popular places and landmarks to protest against their regimes and call for political,economical and social reforms.展开更多
In the theories of modern Islamism,the terminology of“Islamic state”has special political meanings that include:objecting to modern nation state based on national sovereignty,reestablishing the Islamic state which c...In the theories of modern Islamism,the terminology of“Islamic state”has special political meanings that include:objecting to modern nation state based on national sovereignty,reestablishing the Islamic state which carries out Islamic law and Allah’s sovereignty.This article probes the theories of modern Islamism thorough analyzing the thoughts of Islamism theorists,such as Muhammad Rashid Rida,Maududi,Hassan al-Banna,Sayyid Qutb,Khomeini,and Husan al-Turabi.The common characteristics of their theories on the“Islamic state”include:they objected to national identity and advocated religious identity;they refused the secular national sovereignty and advocated Allah’s sovereignty;they opposed the separation of politics and religion and claimed to establish the Islamic state;they rejected tyranny and despotism and advocated Islamic democracy based on the principle of“consultation”.展开更多
文摘Due to the symbiotic relations between oil and the contemporary Middle East, a global energy transition is bound to affect the Middle East's international status and the power structure among its countries. The power gap between rich and poor countries will widen, and the “big politics of small states” in countries such as the United Arab Emirates and Qatar may become more prominent. As economic development has become the top priority of national strategies, many hot spots in the Middle East have cooled down as relations between rival countries have eased and there are even signs of multilateral economic cooperation. Meanwhile, there are signs of vicious economic competition among related countries. With the decline of the Middle East's global importance, the United States and Europe are moving further away while the interdependence between Asia and the Middle East is increasing. Reforms to tackle the energy transition in the Middle East are a race against time, difficult, and uncertain, but the signs so far are positive.
文摘The strategic withdrawal of the U.S.,the relaxation of strained relations between Israel and Arab countries,the waning of Political Islam,and the faltering foundation of the oil economy have contributed to the historical transition in Middle East politics.Global great powers,as well as Middle Eastern countries,have been shifting alliances in light of different issues.Such a concurrence of well-matched protagonists in Middle East politics and such a complicated divergence among camps have never occurred previously.Vacuums of order,ideologies,and resources have coexisted and interacted.Middle Eastern countries have been witnessing major changes unfolding globally,regionally,and domestically,which may usher in an era of chaos,change,or both.Compared with previous changes,the pending transition will reside to a larger extent in the hands of Middle Eastern countries and their people.
文摘In the second decade of the 21st century,turmoil in the Middle East is doomed to be one of the chief events of international politics.The basic characteristics of the Middle East politics has changed,due to complicated reasons related to political turbulence,the change of energy structure,the adjustments in the policies of the leading world powers,and other factors.These changes could well be a beginning of the long-term trend,and eventually change the history of the Middle East politics.
文摘Since the end of the Cold War,China and the United States have expanded their presence in the Middle East along parallel tracks,with China maintaining a basic attitude characterized by noncooperation,nonsupport,and nonconfrontation toward the United States.Recent years,however,have witnessed an increasingly apparent strategic confrontation between the two at the global level.Their conflicts have remained limited to the middle layer,due to the relatively adequate amount of strategic space that exists there,but have been growing increasingly tense structurally and bilaterally.The deteriorating environments at both the top and the bottom layers have exerted pressures that squeeze the core in the middle.As a result,the status quo relationship between the two countries is unsustainable,and their coexistence in the Middle East will enter a new phase.In the short term,the two countries may undergo a period of transition,based on their strategic choices,in the Middle East.Given the current context in which the Indo-Pacific region and Europe have become involved in the global rivalry between China and the United States,the direction where the Middle East may be heading could shed light on the future of Latin America and Africa as well.
文摘Arab countries have been faced with a large scale Middle Eastern upheaval,which has attracted the attention of all the Middle Eastern countries and international community.The current situation is primarily related to the important location of the Middle East.Nearly all the Arab countries are involved in the upheaval.Omnifarious appeals are claimed by the people,including political,economic and social aspects.The problems have been accumulating for years,and the Middle East upheaval in 2011 was an overall outburst of people’s dissatisfaction.The cost of the unrest is high despite the social progress it may promote.At present,a fragile peace is realized in Syria though the prospect of future development is unclear.Since the outbreak of the Middle East upheaval,China has adopted a principle of“non-intervention in other’s internal affairs”and“mediating for peace while promoting talks”policy,which is appropriate and proactive.China should adhere to this practice in the future despite the voices of opposition and temporary misunderstanding.
文摘Due to more than one-year’s upheaval,many Middle Eastern countries experienced regime change,and Syria is the next target and center of this political swirl.The rise of Islamic force is a serious problem for these countries in transition to deal with.Because of this upheaval,the Middle Eastern configuration is facing challenges;the contradiction within regional powers is experiencing growth and decline.The adjustment of America’s Middle East policy has affected the trend of Middle East situation.China’s“non-interference in others’internal affairs”principle gains international society’s interpretation,and China’s diplomacy towards the Middle East is facing important opportunity and enormous challenges.China should seize the opportunity and seek the new development of China-Middle East relations.
基金The article is the phased result of the Social Sciences Innovation Project of the Institute of West Asian and African Studies of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences“Study on hot issues in the Middle East and China’s countermeasures”.
文摘During the political upheaval in the Middle East in 2011,the Western countries adopted a policy focusing on both military intervention and the so-called“humanitarian interference”in the Middle East countries.Europe,the US and other Western powers distorted the“legitimacy”authorized by the UN and took military means to impose regime change in Libya,seriously disrupting the order of international relations.Their intervention efforts in this have far exceeded the ones before the Cold War.In the Intervention,they tried to secure legalization of their intervention,to take collective intervention,as well as nurture and support the country’s opposition parties to cause the“civil war”approach as the model of intervention.Their intervention has been blatant,fraudulent,hidden,and mandatory.From the development trend,because of the importance of the geopolitical position and strategic energy position of the Middle East and North Africa,as well as Western powers’pursuit of global geopolitical interests,the Western powers’intervention in the Middle East and North Africa will continue.These countries will still be faced with the historical responsibility to oppose power intervention.Their self-development and ability to maintain their own security will continue to face serious challenges.
文摘The international system is at a historical moment of renewal.As the unipolar order declines,various forces are rising,among which China has already become an important force in constructing a new world order.Quiet but revolutionary changes have occurred in China's diplomatic philosophy and practices as the country becomes more deeply ingrained into the international system.Under the background of great changes,the political situation in the Middle East has also quietly changed..With the weakening of the impact of external forces,many new energies in this region are coming to life.The future development of relations between European and United States powers,and their policy changes will bring a far-reaching impact on the political situation in the Middle East.China's diplomacy in the Middle East will become more active and aggressive.Meanwhile,China will concentrate more on the multi-lateral cooperation and its co-ordination with Europe and United States.
文摘Wide range cooperation and close bilateral relations between China and Iran have been under huge pressure from the US-led West.The main objective of this paper is to analyze what lines behind the China-Iran relations,mainly from three dimensions,i.e.,economic,nuclear and strategic issues.We argue that the China-Iran relations are determined by domestic situations in both countries and international strategic environment,influenced by the shift of US geopolitical strategy in recent years.China should not be blamed for the failure of sanctions against Iran for its nuclear issues as she is not a so-called ally of Iran.The Iran nuclear issues can be solved by the use of US“smart power”and collective efforts derived from international cooperation between concerned powers and geopolitical players.
文摘Constitutionalism has more than a century of history in the Muslim world.More recently,Iran and Iraq,two countries with populations comprised of Shi’a majorities with a strong presence in the layout of political power,appear to have embarked on divergent routes with regard to the formal blueprints of public authority.Yet as this research demonstrates,due to an absence of robust institutional arrangements and lack of efficient mechanisms of revision and entrenchment,comparable outcomes can be observed in the form of political systems that have consistently failed to uphold various elements of popular sovereignty,which the constitutions themselves claim to be endorsing.This study aims at providing a closer examination of important elements of popular constitutional sovereignty by examining key normative,institutional and procedural settings in both contexts to evaluate critically the constitutional arrangements in two prominent republican settings in the Muslim world.The author will argue that in both cases certain highlighted fundamental shortfalls could lead one to regard both texts as“sham constitutions”.This study draws upon theoretical principles of comparative constitutional analysis.
文摘After decades of living under oppressive dictatorships,the people of the Arab world are rising up against their countries’leadership.For over nine months now,we have been witnessing massive,large scale,and peaceful demonstrations spreading all over the Arab Middle Eastern countries.These mass civic demonstrations have been given many names,including the Arab Spring,Arab uprising,turmoil,tumult,chaos,Arab awakening,Arab revolution,revolt,etc.It is a reform movement on the march that was first started in Tunisia,which moved to Egypt,and then swept across the region to include Yemen,Bahrain,Libya and Syria.Activists in the rest of the Arab world such as Algeria,Jordan,Kuwait,Morocco and Saudi Arabia,were also inspired by the revolts and calls for reform which had been sweeping the Arab world.Protesters and human rights groups from these countries congregate frequently at popular places and landmarks to protest against their regimes and call for political,economical and social reforms.
基金This article is the preliminary-stage achievement of the project of the key research base for humanity and social sciences established by China’s Education Ministry(08JJDGJW256)a key research project funded by China’s Education Ministry(08JZD0039)financed by Shanghai’s Key Academic Discipline and by the fourth stage key academic program of Shanghai International Studies University for its“211 project”.
文摘In the theories of modern Islamism,the terminology of“Islamic state”has special political meanings that include:objecting to modern nation state based on national sovereignty,reestablishing the Islamic state which carries out Islamic law and Allah’s sovereignty.This article probes the theories of modern Islamism thorough analyzing the thoughts of Islamism theorists,such as Muhammad Rashid Rida,Maududi,Hassan al-Banna,Sayyid Qutb,Khomeini,and Husan al-Turabi.The common characteristics of their theories on the“Islamic state”include:they objected to national identity and advocated religious identity;they refused the secular national sovereignty and advocated Allah’s sovereignty;they opposed the separation of politics and religion and claimed to establish the Islamic state;they rejected tyranny and despotism and advocated Islamic democracy based on the principle of“consultation”.
