A New Basal Neoceratopsian Dinosaur from the Middle Cretaceous of Jilin Province,China

A new basal neoceratopsian dinosaur, Helioceratops brachygnathus gen. et sp. nov., is described from the Quantou Formation （late Early Cretaceous or early Late Cretaceous） in the Liufangzi locality （Jilin province, China）. Helioceratops differs from other basal neoceratopsians with its deep dentary ramus, its steeply-inclined ventral predentary facet, its heterogeneous dentary crowns, and by the denticles and secondary ridges asymmetrically distributed on either side of the primary ridge on its dentary teeth. Along with Auroraceratops and Yamaceratops, Helioceratops represents one of the most derived non-coronosaurian neoceratopsians. The palaeogeographical distribution of basal neoceratopsians appears limited to northern China and southern Mongolia in the current state of our knowledge. It is therefore probable that this region constituted the birthplace for more advanced, Late Cretaceous Coronosanria.

Clay Minerals of the Middle Jurassic Through Lower Cretaceous in Guangyuan Area,Northern Sichuan:Implications to Paleoclimate

Clay mineral analyses of the Middle Jurassic through the Early Cretaceous sedimentary rocks from the Guangyuan-Jian’ge section,Sichuan Basin (southwestern China)were undertaken in this article, which is aiming to reconstruct the palaeoclimate of the area.Relative contents of the four clay minerals, smectite(25.8%-1.0%-46.8%),kaolinite(31.0%- 12.5%-12.6%),illite(31.3%-68.0%-28.0%)and chlorite(11.8%-8.5%-12.6%),as the target clay minerals,illite crystalline index(0.26-0.31-0.27)and chemical index(0.62-0.66-0.79)are used as indicator of paleoclimate.It is indicated that changes of

New Cretaceous Jehol Fossil Sheds Light on Evolution of Ancestral Mammalian Middle Ear

Ajoint research team led by Dr.MAO Fangyuan from the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology(IVPP)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Prof.MENG Jin from the American Museum of Natral History has reported a new multituberculate mammal,Sinobaatar pani,with well-preserved middle ear bones.The new mammal CO mes;from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota in Northeast China.Comparing three types of fossils with extant mammals at different embryological stages,the researchers identifed varlous evolutionary stages and ancestral phenotypes of the mammalian middle ear.

Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous Erg Deposits in the Mengyin Basin, Western Shandong Province, China: Inferences about the Wind Regime and Paleogeography

The Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous Santai Formation, sporadically distributed in western Shandong Province, comprises terrestrial alluvial-eolian successions, which records regional wind patterns and paleogeography in eastern North China. This paper conducts an analysis of eolian stratification, bounding surfaces, facies architecture and paleowind direction of the Santai Formation in the east of the Mengyin Basin, western Shandong Province. Three basic types of eolian stratification are recognized in the Santai Formation, including grainflow strata, wind ripple strata and adhesion strata, and have been grouped into eolian dune and interdune facies associations. The occurrences of reactivation surfaces and superimposition surfaces within eolian dune deposits indicate active compound dunes or draas. The association of adhesion strata with grainflow or windripple strata is the development of a wet eolian system. Cross-strata dip direction indicates different paleowind directions from the lower to the upper part of the Santai paleoerg. The lower part of the paleoerg was characterized by paleowinds blowing from northwest to northeast, whereas the upper part was under the influence of paleowinds consistently towards east to northeast. The identified changes in wind directions possibly suggest wind regime shifts from monsoon circulation to westlies of planetary wind system, which may be related with the collapse of the East China Plateau during the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous.

A New Species of Aetheogrammatidae(Insecta:Neuroptera)with a Preserved Proboscis from the Lower Cretaceous of NE China

Objective The Aetheogrammatidae is a small family of extinct Neuroptera,which comprises six species in five genera,described from the Middle Jurassic to the Lower Cretaceous of China and Kazakhstan.They are easily distinguishable due to their highly derived venation with apical portion of R1 branched in the manner of Rs.

Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous of Sanjiang-Middle Amur basin: Non-marine and marine correlation

A comparative analysis of Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous strata have been done for the Sanjiang Middle Amur basin, a coaland oil-bearing area spanning the eastern Heilongjiang of northeastern China and southeastern Far East of Russia. On the basis of various fossils occurring in the formations, particularly by means of the Tithonian-Valanginian index Buchia and the late Barremian-middle Albian indicator Aucellina assemblages, the marine and non-marine Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous strata in the basin are correlated. The Mesozoic international chronostratigraphic chart (http://www.stratigra phy.org) is established basically based on the marine rocks. To accurately date the non-marine strata, it is necessary to correlate them with the marine deposits. This study sheds new light on the dating and correlation of non-marine Upper Mesozoic. Additionally, the results would help understand the tectonics and paleogeography and thus aid the exploration of energy resources.

Dinosaur diversity during the transition between the middle and late parts of the Late Cretaceous in eastern Shandong Province,China:Evidence from dinosaur eggshells

The record of dinosaur eggs from the Upper Cretaceous Wangshi Group in eastern Shandong Province,China shows that the dinosaur species represented by elongatoolithids were present from the middle to the late Late Cretaceous,whereas those represented by the dictyoolithids and spheroolithids became extinct in the middle Late Cretaceous and the new species represented by ovaloolithids appeared in the late Late Cretaceous.Estimated eggshell conductance of water vapor is over 4 to over 115 times higher in spheroolithids and the dictyoolithids than in elongatoolithids and ovaloolithids,indicating that eggs of the first two oofamilies required higher humidity during incubation.Based on the18O record as preserved in eggshell,a change from relatively humid to relatively dry climatic conditions can be assumed to have taken place during the transition between the middle and late parts of the Late Cretaceous.It is reasonable to suggest that the change in climate was the cause of the dinosaur diversity.

塔里木盆地库车坳陷英买力地区白垩系巴什基奇克组中深层砂岩储层孔隙保存机制

塔里木盆地库车坳陷南部斜坡带英买力地区白垩系巴什基奇克组砂岩储层物性好,油气勘探潜力大,但其非均质性强、油气分布规律不明。综合利用岩心观察、系列薄片(普通、铸体、阴极发光及包裹体)、扫描电镜、物性测试和X射线衍射等分析测试资料和成岩过程重建与物性恢复技术,分析英买力地区中深层巴什基奇克组砂岩储层的岩性与物性,探寻其孔隙特征与保存机制,划分储层类型和明确有利储层分布规律及控制因素。该砂岩主要为长石岩屑砂岩和岩屑长石砂岩,杂基含量较低,其成分和结构成熟度均中等;储层孔隙类型主要为残余原生孔隙,其次为次生孔隙,主要为粒间溶孔和粒内溶孔,为中高孔—中高渗储层。巴什基奇克组中深层砂岩原生孔隙得以保存主要在于其形成的沉积环境与经历的成岩和成储演化:首先砂岩形成于高水动力的辫状河三角洲前缘水下分流河道微相,不断叠置的河道形成了厚度较大且分布稳定的水道复合砂体,强水动力使得砂岩碎屑颗粒含量高、分选较好,为原生孔隙形成提供了物质基础;其次早期长期浅埋和后期快速深埋的埋藏演化方式使砂岩经历了较弱的压实作用改造,同时晚期深层超压作用大大增强了砂体抗压实能力,残余原生孔隙得以保存;最后坳陷不断降低的古地温梯度使得残余原生孔隙得以有效保存。

Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous tectonic switching in Liaodong Peninsula of the North China Craton and the implications for gold mineralisation

Constraining the processes of deformation during tectonic switching from compression to extension is difficult because of the scarcity or absence of associated sedimentary and magmatic rocks and weak metamorphism.The east margin of the eastern North China Craton experienced Early to Middle Jurassic compression and Early Cretaceous extension.However,the period of tectonic quiescence lasting~13 million years(between 153 and 140 Ma)during which this transition occurred is poorly understood.This paper reports the identification of small-scale N-S-trending thrust and sinistral strike-slip faults(TSS)and NWtrending thrust and dextral strike-slip faults(TDS)in the Tongyuanpu-Aiyang region,which is part of the northern Liaodong Peninsula.Calculation of the tectonic stress field using striations,fault planes and kinematics reveals a NW-SE-oriented maximum principal axis(σ1),and sub-horizontalσ2 andσ3.Assemblages of N-S-trending TSS and NW-trending TDS were arranged with right stepping and resulted in local uplift and erosion at the junctions between fault terminations,which partitioned the Early and Middle Jurassic basins into residual smaller volcanic-sedimentary basins.These basins were unconformably overlain by small Early Cretaceous volcanic-sedimentary basins,such as those at Tongyuanpu and Fangjiaweizi.Magmatic ages and the timing of basin formation constrain the initiation of tectonic switching to 156–153 Ma,and its termination to 140–139 Ma.We suggest that R-R’Riedel shears controlled the formation of the N-S-trending TSS and NW-trending TDS.The R-R’shears were produced by continued sinistral strike-slip and northward growth along the Bohai Bay segment of the Tan-Lu fault zone during the Late Jurassic to early Early Cretaceous,simultaneous with a gradual weakening in the tectonic stress field during a switch in the direction of subduction of the Palaeo-Pacific plate from NW-ward to NNW-ward.This tectonic switching might have promoted the dissolution of gold and migration of gold-bearing fluids.

伊拉克地区中上白垩统滩相灰岩颗粒组成特征及其对沉积环境的指示

伊拉克地区白垩系广泛发育滩相灰岩储层,由于这类灰岩储层的颗粒类型复杂导致沉积相划分和预测难度较大。前人的研究结果发现,伊拉克地区中上白垩统主要发育似球粒、绿藻、棘皮,其次为有孔虫、圆笠虫、内碎屑。针对该地区中上白垩统开展不同颗粒的类型及其组合对沉积环境的指示有助于进一步厘清沉积微相和储层类型。该研究利用岩心和薄片观察,识别出了不同类型的颗粒,明确了中上白垩统Kh2层、Mi4层和Ma1层的颗粒类型。绿藻、薄壁瓣鳃类生物反映正常盐度海水或广盐度的浅海相对局限且水体能量较低的环境;有孔虫类中圆笠虫为移动底栖,分布范围广,反映水动力强;厚壳蛤这类厚壁瓣鳃类和内碎屑形成于浅海高能环境;棘皮类对沉积环境无选择性,分布范围广,各个层位中均可见。对中上白垩统典型层位不同颗粒类型的认识为我国在伊拉克地区油气开发和油气储层研究提供了岩相学依据。

波斯湾盆地中白垩统Mishrif组碳酸盐岩储层特征及其发育模式

Mishrif组碳酸盐岩储层是波斯湾盆地最主要的储集层之一,储层岩石类型主要为礁滩相生物礁灰岩、生屑灰岩和含生屑泥灰岩,储集空间主要为粒间(溶)孔、晶间(溶)孔、铸模孔、表生期组构选择性溶蚀孔洞和基质微孔。储层多呈层状展布,横向上连续,边界受沉积相带约束;纵向上发育多套致密隔夹层,呈强非均质性。储层发育与保存主要受沉积作用、成岩作用和构造作用影响。碳酸盐岩缓坡背景下发育的生物礁和生屑滩空间分布受盆地基底古构造格局控制,是优质储层分布相带。相对海平面升降旋回控制相带迁移和成岩作用差异,导致优质孔渗层与致密隔夹层交互发育。构造圈闭发育与油气充注时间的耦合有效抑制压实作用和胶结作用对储层的破坏,是储层得以保存的有利因素。

冈底斯中北部晚侏罗世—早白垩世地球动力学环境:火山岩约束

利用新近完成的1∶25万区域地质调查资料和笔者分析数据,初步研究了西藏冈底斯带晚侏罗世—早白垩世火山岩的分布特点及地层古生物、同位素年代学约束的火山活动时代以及冈底斯中北部火山岩的性质、构造环境、岩石成因和俯冲极性。冈底斯带晚侏罗世—早白垩世火山岩主要分布于南冈底斯、中冈底斯、北冈底斯和班公湖-怒江缝合带南缘,基本同期开始于早白垩世(大约120～130 Ma)并可能延续到晚白垩世,以冈底斯中北部地区规模最大为特征。已有数据显示中冈底斯则弄群火山岩包括部分中钾钙碱性系列的中基性岩石和占优势的高钾钙碱性系列的中酸性火山岩,不同于传统岛弧火山岩,但与中安第斯厚地壳背景下的岛弧火山岩相似,北冈底斯主要为与传统岛弧火山岩相似的中钾钙碱性系列火山岩。中冈底斯则弄群中基性火山岩很可能与来自消减沉积物和/或蚀变玄武质洋壳的含水流体引起上覆地幔楔物质的部分熔融有关,并在岩浆上升过程中经历了明显的分离结晶作用和中上部地壳物质的同化混染(即AFC过程),长英质火山岩很可能主要与地壳重熔有关,但并不能完全排除镁铁质岩浆的分离结晶作用。目前冈底斯中北部晚侏罗世—早白垩世火山岩地球化学数据揭示的成分变化、地壳厚度、与俯冲带的距离以及冈底斯带同期火山岩的分布特点暗示冈底斯中北部火山岩很可能与班公湖-怒江特提斯洋壳向南的俯冲作用有关。

伊拉克艾哈代布油田中-下白垩统碳酸盐岩储层孔隙结构及控制因素

伊拉克艾哈代布油田中-下白垩统碳酸盐岩储层孔隙结构类型划分及其差异性的受控因素和成因的认识是制约该类储层分类评价的一个关键问题。本文综合运用了常规薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、电子探针、常规物性、压汞分析、阴极发光、稳定同位素分析等手段及统计分析方法对储层的主要孔隙类型、喉道类型、喉道分布类型进行了研究,并在此基础上确定了高孔中渗细喉型、中高孔低渗细喉型、中高孔特低渗微喉型、低孔特低渗极微喉型四种孔隙结构类型及其划分依据和方案,同时指出了在该类储层中好的孔隙结构具有网络状、偏细型、分选较差的孔喉特征。通过分析明确了孔隙结构差异性的主要控制因素为岩石组构和溶蚀作用,认为该套储层的孔喉空间及结构是以沉积形成的原生孔隙受同生期或准同生期的溶蚀改造为基础,并在后期表生岩溶作用下的改造而成;而先期受岩石组构控制下的溶蚀作用控制了储层孔隙结构的差异性。通过本文研究将对中东地区该类储层的形成及分类评价研究具有较好的指导意义。

山东中侏罗世-早白垩世侵入岩的锆石Hf同位素组成及其意义

对山东中侏罗世-早白垩世侵入岩中锆石的原位Hf同位素分析显示,形成于晚太古代(上交点年龄～2.5Ga)的继承锆石具有正的ε_(Hf)(t)值(+8～+1),Hf同位素模式年龄集中在2.6～2.8Ga,与辽宁古生代金伯利岩中基性下地壳捕虏体中锆石Hf组成和Hf模式年龄十分一致,Hf模式年龄也与研究区变质岩和花岗岩的全岩Nd模式年龄相同,因此,这些继承锆石来自于晚太古代由岩浆底侵形成的基性下地壳。新生锆石出现在继承锆石周围或者以独立颗粒出现,其U-Pb年龄为177Ma和132～126Ma,ε_(Hf)(t)值均为负值(-23～-1)。山东中生代侵入岩的形成与富集岩石圈地幔,亏损地幔和地壳三个端员之间的相互作用有关。其中根据来源于晚太古代下地壳的侏罗纪铜石二长花岗岩限定的研究区下地壳ε_(Hf)(t)平均值为-20,根据来源于富集岩石圈地幔的早白垩纪沂南辉长岩限定的富集地幔端员的ε_(Hf)(t)为-16。部分样品锆石ε_(Hf)(t)变化非常大(-20～-1),示踪了岩浆作用过程中亏损地幔物质的参与程度的逐渐增强。这种变化是华北晚中生代岩石圈大规模减薄作用的结果。

伊拉克哈勒法耶油田中、上白垩统碳酸盐岩储层岩石类型及特征

伊拉克哈勒法耶油田中、上白垩统碳酸盐岩储层是重要的产油层系。综合利用岩心、薄片、物性测试、压汞数据及扫描电镜分析资料,以典型取心井为研究对象,开展研究区岩石类型及特征研究。结果表明,岩石矿物成分主要为方解石和泥质,局部含少量白云石。岩石组分多样,各组分相对含量差异明显。在岩石组分类型及特征研究基础上,以泥晶基质、有孔虫骨架和生屑/砂屑为三端元,提出研究区岩石类型划分方案。将研究区岩石划分为泥晶灰岩、有孔虫灰岩和生屑/砂屑灰岩3大类,并进一步根据颗粒含量的多少将岩石类型划分为9小类。不同岩石的孔隙类型、孔隙结构和物性特征均不相同,是不同沉积环境的产物,储集性能差异较大。总体来看,平面上不同岩石类型分布明显受沉积环境控制。纵向上,有孔虫灰岩集中分布在上白垩统碳酸盐岩储层,厚度较大,生屑/砂屑灰岩分布较为局限,中白垩统碳酸盐岩储层多为生屑/砂屑灰岩。泥晶灰岩以薄层状分布在生屑/砂屑灰岩之间,有孔虫灰岩类罕见。

西藏中白垩世和始新世岩相古地理

西藏中白垩世海相区可以识别出9种沉积相类型6个相组合带，老第三纪时可以鉴别出约5种岩相类型4个相组合带。建议将这些岩相组合带视为对应的海相次级地层分区。拉萨地体和羌塘地体在白垩纪中期海水分布可能继承了侏罗纪时的格局，并进一步扩展到了羌塘地体的南部和中部；与此同时，拉萨地体主体和特提斯喜马拉雅仍然被海水淹没，与全球同期海侵事件表现一致。

青藏高原中侏罗世—早白垩世羌塘复合型前陆盆地充填模式

根据沉积物碎屑组分、粗碎屑楔状体、边缘相、古流向和沉积、沉降中心等重建了盆地结构、古地理和古地貌 ,认为该盆地是在中侏罗世—早白垩世多岛洋体制下形成的一种复杂的、特殊类型的复合前陆盆地 ,它的形成和发展同金沙江缝合带与班公湖—怒江缝合带的碰撞和对冲有关 ,是盆地两侧板块边缘的大型逆冲作用的产物。在此基础上 ,根据中央隆起地貌景观交替性变化和盆地中“三砂二灰”的幕式沉积特点 ,将中侏罗世—早白垩世羌塘前陆盆地演化过程分为 5个阶段 ,其中巴通期和牛津—提唐期是羌塘盆地南北两侧构造活动相对平静期 ,而巴柔期、卡洛期、提唐—贝里阿斯期是羌塘盆地南北两侧构造活动强烈时期 ,强烈的逆冲推覆作用产生大量的构造负载 ,导致中央隆起强烈地挠曲隆升 ,造成了盆地中的幕式沉积 ,产生构造层序和层序 。

塔里木盆地北部早—中白垩世孢粉时代和生物地理区系研究新进展

塔里木盆地北部地区早—中白垩世地层(白垩系一般为二分,国内外有人主张三分,国内三分条件尚未成熟.本文只是为与国外同行对比行文方便而使用早—中白垩世.)发育,是研究塔里木盆地该断代陆相地层的理想地区之一。亚格列木组过去由于化石较少,时代划分存有争议。笔者等在拜城县卡普沙良剖面首次发现该组孢粉化石之后,本次又发现51属22种(其余为未定种),将该组置于早白垩世贝利阿斯期至凡兰吟期。舒善河组孢粉以往报道很多,化石丰富,根据孢粉本文将该组划为早白垩世欧特里夫至巴列姆期。本次重要发现是该组下部赋存丰富的双手粉(Dicheiropollis),含量可达30%以上,1996年笔者等在该组上部发现高达53.7%～60.5%含量的双手粉。国内外孢粉学家将其视为早—中白垩世北冈瓦纳孢粉植物区系的典型分子,它出现的时限很短,仅限于早白垩世早—中期。这类花粉如此高含量在本区出现,为重新认识早—中白垩世的植物古地理分区提供了不可多得的证据和材料。许多孢粉工作者都将我国早白垩世孢粉植物区归入南劳亚孢粉植物大区。本次新材料的发现并综合前人资料可以认为早—中白垩世时期新疆塔北地区应归为北冈瓦纳植物区,而且很可能是这类孢粉发展中心地区之一。

庐枞盆地侵入岩的时空格架及其对成矿的制约

庐枞中生代火山盆地位于长江中下游断陷带内,地处扬子板块的北缘。庐枞盆地内火山岩和侵入岩分布广泛,包括龙门院、砖桥、双庙和浮山四组火山岩以及34个侵入岩体。本次工作在详细野外地质调查的基础上,结合作者已有的5个岩体(巴家滩岩体、城山岩体、花山岩体、黄梅尖岩体和枞阳岩体)年代学的研究工作,系统开展了盆地侵入岩体的年代学和时空分布特征研究。通过侵入岩锆石LA-ICP-MSU-Pb定年方法,本次研究确定庐枞盆地内15个主要侵入岩体的成岩时代分别为:黄屯岩体134.4±2.2Ma、岳山岩体132.7±1.5Ma、拔茅山岩体132.7±1.9Ma、尖山岩体132.0±1.3Ma、谢瓦泥岩体131.6±1.1Ma、龙桥岩体131.1±1.5Ma、焦冲岩体129.6±1.3Ma、土地山岩体127.4±2.8Ma、凤凰山岩体128.4±0.9Ma、罗岭岩体126.3±2.0Ma、龙王尖岩体126.5±1.5Ma、小岭岩体126.2±1.8Ma、大缸窑岩体125.9±1.3Ma、巴坛岩体125.1±1.1Ma、毛王庙岩体123.9±1.9Ma。从而得出庐枞盆地内侵入岩的成岩时代界于134～123Ma之间,属于早白垩世,并进一步将庐枞盆地内侵入岩划分成2期,其中早期侵入岩主要为二长岩和闪长岩类,主要分布在盆地北部,与龙门院旋回和砖桥旋回火山活动关系密切,岩体侵位受火山机构和北东向构造联合控制,成岩时代为134～130Ma;晚期侵入岩还可分为两类,第一类主要为正长岩类,分布在盆地南部,主要受盆地内火山机构和北北东向断裂控制,侵入活动与双庙旋回和浮山旋回火山岩浆活动相对应,成岩时代为129～123Ma;第二类主要为A型花岗岩,分布于盆地东南缘,成岩时代为126～123Ma,主要受区域北北东向大断裂控制,而与盆地火山机构无关。庐枞盆地内与岩浆岩有关的铁、铜、金、铅、锌、铀矿床可划分为3个成矿系列,其中砖桥旋回形成的二长岩类与罗河、泥河和龙桥等铁矿床、岳山铅锌矿床及井边和拔茅山铜矿床关系密切,双庙旋回形成的正长岩类与马口等铁矿床关系密切,而晚期的A型花岗岩与3440矿床等金、铀矿化关系密切。长江中下游地区燕山期存在145～136Ma、135～127Ma、126～123Ma等三期成岩(成矿)作用,庐枞盆地内侵入岩对应于该区域第二和第三期岩浆活动的产物,其形成时代明显晚于长江中下游成矿带断隆区内与斑岩型-矽卡岩型铜(铁)、金矿床有关的高钾钙碱性岩体(第一期)。庐枞盆地内侵入岩形成于区域岩石圈伸展的构造环境。

重庆綦江中白垩统夹关组恐龙足迹群的发现及其意义

记述了来自重庆綦江中白垩统夹关组恐龙足迹群,命名了甲龙亚目的中国綦江足迹(Qijiangpus sinensis ichnogen.et ichnosp.nov.)、兽脚亚目的敏捷舞足迹(Wupus agilis ichnogen.et ichnosp.nov.)和鸟脚亚目的炎热老瀛山足迹(Laoyingshanpustorridus ichnogen.et ichnosp.nov.)和莲花卡利尔足迹(Caririchniumlotus ichnosp.nov.)等新属种。中国綦江足迹是中国首次发现甲龙类的足迹。莲花卡利尔足迹提供了鸭嘴龙类在各发育阶段所留下不同的足迹。