In Situ Analyses of Trace Elements, U–Pb and Lu–Hf Isotopes in Zircons from the Tongshankou Granodiorite Porphyry in Southeast Hubei Province, Middle-Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt, China

The Tongshankou Cu-Mo deposit, located in southeast Hubei province, is a typical skarn–porphyry type ore deposit closely related to the Tongshankou granodiorite porphyry, characterized by a high Sr/Y ratio.Detailed in situ analyses of the trace elements and U–Pb and Lu–Hf isotopes in zircons from the Tongshankou granodiorite porphyry were performed.Scarcely any inherited zircons were observed, and the analyzed zircons yielded highly concordant results with a weighted mean 206Pb/238 U age of 143.5 ± 0.45 Ma（n=20, mean square weighted deviation was 0.75）, which was interpreted to represent the crystallization age of the Tongshankou granodiorite porphyry.The chondrite-normalized rare-earth element pattern was characterized by a slope that steeply rises from the light-group rare-earth elements（LREE） to the heavy-group rare-earth elements（HREE） with a positive Ce-anomaly and inconspicuous Eu-anomaly, which was coincident with the pattern of the zircons from the Chuquicamata West porphyry, Chile.The analyzed zircons also had relatively low 176Hf/177 Hf ratios of 0.282526–0.282604.Assuming t=143 Ma, the corresponding calculated initial Hf isotope compositions（εHf（t）） ranged from-5.6 to-2.9.The results of the in situ analysis of trace elements and U–Pb and Lu–Hf isotopes in zircons from the Tongshankou granodiorite porphyry suggest that a deep-seated process involving a thickened-crust/enriched-mantle interaction may play an important role in the generation of high Sr/Y-ratio magma and potentially in the generation of porphyry Cu-Mo systems.

Basement Characteristics and Crustal Evolution of the Copper-Gold Metallogenic Belt in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River:Some Isotope Constraints

Studies of the Pb, Sr and Nd isotopic composition of Mesozoic intrusive rocks indicate that the basement of the copper-gold metallogenic belt of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River has “two-layer structure” and partly has “multi-layered structure”, and is inhomogeneous and shows the distinct feature of E-W provincialism. The calculated model lead ages (t1) are mostly greater than 2600 Ma, and the model neodymium ages (TDM) vary from 953 to 2276 Ma and concentrate in two time intervals: 1800–2000 Ma and 1200–1600 Ma. It is concluded that the basement of the MBYR is composed of the Late Archaeozoic to Middle Proterozoic metamorphic series and that the crust was initiated in the Archaean and continued to grow in the Early and Middle Proterozoic, and the proportion of new crust formed by mantle differentiation during the Late Proterozoic is low.

Three-dimensional P-wave Velocity Structure Modelling of the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt: Crustal Architecture and Metallogenic Implications

In this study,we compiled and analyzed 69310 P-wave travel-time data from 6639 earthquake events.These events(M≥2.0)occurred from 1980 s to June 2019 and were recorded at 319 seismic stations(Chinese Earthquake Networks Center)in the study area.We adopted the double-difference seismic tomographic method(tomo DD)to invert the 3-D P-wave velocity structure and constrain the crust-upper mantle architecture of the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt(MLYB).A 1-D initial model extracted from wide-angle seismic profiles was used in the seismic tomography,which greatly reduced the inversion residual.Our results indicate that reliable velocity structure of th e uppermost mantle can be obtained when Pn is involved in the tomography.Our results show that:(1)the pattern of the uppermost mantle velocity structure corresponds well with the geological partitioning:a nearly E-W-trending low-velocity zone is present beneath the Dabie Orogen,in contrast to the mainly NE-trending low-velocity anomalies beneath the Jiangnan Orogen.They suggest the presence of thickened lower crust beneath the orogens in the study area.In contrast,the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks are characterized by relatively high-velocity anomalies;(2)both the ultra-high-pressure(UHP)metamorphic rocks in the Dabie Orogen and the low-pressure metamorphic rocks in the Zhangbaling dome are characterized by high-velocity anomalies.The upper crust in the Dabie Orogen is characterized by a low-velocity belt,sandwiched between two high velocity zones in a horizontal direction,with discontinuous low-velocity layers in the middle crust.The keel of the Dabie Orogen is mainly preserved beneath its northern section.We infer that the lower crustal delamination may have mainly occurred in the southern Dabie Orogen,which caused the mantle upwelling responsible for the formation of the granitic magmas emplaced in the middle crust as the low-velocity layers observed there.Continuous deep-level compression likely squeezed the granitic magma upward to intrude the upper crustal UHP metamorphic rocks,forming the'sandwich'velocity structure there;(3)high-velocity updoming is widespread in the crust-mantle transition zone beneath the MLYB.From the Anqing-Guichi ore field northeastward to the Luzong,Tongling,Ningwu and Ningzhen orefields,high-velocity anomalies in the crust-mantle transition zone increase rapidly in size and are widely distributed.The updoming also exists in the crust-mantle transition zone beneath the Jiurui and Edongnan orefields,but the high-velocity anomalies are mainly stellate distributed.The updoming high-velocity zone beneath the MLYB generally extends from the crust-mantle transition zone to the middle crust,different from the velocity structure in the upper crust.The upper crust beneath the Early Cretaceous extension-related Luzong and Ningwu volcanic basins is characterized by high velocity zones,in contrast to the low velocity anomalies beneath the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous compression-related Tongling ore field.The MLYB may have undergone a compressive-to-extensional transition during the Yanshanian(Jurassic-Cretaceous)period,during which extensive magmatism occurred.The near mantle-crustal boundary updoming was likely caused by asthenospheric underplating at the base of the lower crust.The magmas may have ascended through major crustal faults,undergoing AFC(assimilation and fractional crystallization)processes,became emplaced in the fault-bounded basins or Paleozoic sequences,eventually forming the many Cu-Fe polymetallic deposits there.

Cathodoluminescence and Trace Element Composition of Scheelite from the Middle-Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt(MLYB): Implications for Mineralization and Exploration

The Middle-Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt(MLYB)is known to contain abundant copper and iron porphyry-skarn deposits,with an increasing number of tungsten deposits and scheelite in Fe-Cu deposits being discovered in the MLYB during recent decades.The ore genesis of the newly-discovered tungsten mineralization in the MLYB is poorly understood.We investigate four sets of scheelite samples from tungsten,iron and copper deposits,using CL imaging and LA-ICP-MS techniques to reveal internal zonation patterns and trace element compositions.The REE distribution patterns of four studied deposits show varying degrees of LREE enrichment with negative Eu anomalies.The oxygen fugacity of ore-forming fluid increased in Donggushan,while the oxygen fugacity of ore-forming fluid decreased in Ruanjiawan,Guilinzheng and Gaojiabang.The scheelites from the Donggushan,Ruanjiawan,Guilinzheng and Gaojiabang deposits show enrichment in LREEs and HFSE,with Nb/La ratios ranging from 1.217 to 52.455,indicating that the four tungsten deposits are enriched in the volatile fluorine.A plot of(La/Lu)N versus Mo/δEu can be used to distinguish quartz vein type,porphyry and skarn tungsten deposits.This study demonstrates that scheelite grains can be used to infer tungsten mineralization and are effective in identifying magmatic types of tungsten deposits in prospective mining sites.

Molybdenite Re-Os,titanite and garnet U-Pb dating of the Magushan skarn Cu-Mo deposit,Xuancheng district,Middle-Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt

The Magushan skarn Cu-Mo deposit is a representative example of the skarn mineralization occurring within the Xuancheng ore district of the Middle-Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt of eastern China.The precise age of an ore deposit is important for understanding the timing of mineralization relative to other geological events in a region and to fully place the formation of a mineral deposit within the geological context of other processes that occur within the study area.Here,we present new molybdenite Re-Os and titanite and andradite garnet U-Pb ages for the Magushan deposit and use these data to outline possible approaches for identifying genetic relationships in geologically complex areas.The spatial and paragenetic relationships between the intrusions,alteration,and mineralization within the study area indicates that the formation of the Magushan deposit is genetically associated with the porphyritic granodiorite.However,this is not always the case,as some areas contain complexly zoned plutons with multiple phases of intrusion or mineralization may be distal from or may not have any clear spatial relationship to a pluton.This means that it may not be possible to determine whether the mineralization formed as a result of single or multiple magmatic/hydrothermal events.As such,the approaches presented in this study provide an approach that allows the identification of any geochronological relationships between mineralization and intrusive events in areas more complex than the study area.Previously published zircon U-Pb data for the mineralization-related porphyritic granodiorite in this area yielded an age of 134.2±1.2 Ma(MSWD=1.4)whereas the Re-Os dating of molybdenite from the study area yielded an isochron age of 137.7±2.5 Ma(MSWD=0.43).The timing of the mineralizing event in the study area was further examined by the dating of magmatic accessory titanite and skarn-related andradite garnet,yielding U-Pb ages of 136.3±2.5 Ma(MSWD=3.2)and 135.9±2.7 Ma(MSWD=2.5),respectively.The dating of magmatic and hydrothermal activity within the Magushan area yields ages around 136 Ma,strongly suggesting that the mineralization in this area formed as a result of the emplacement of the intrusion.The dates presented in this study also provide the first indication of the timing of mineralization within the Xuancheng district.providing evidence of a close genetic relationship between the formation of the mineralization within the Xuancheng district and the Early Cretaceous magmatism that occurred in this area.This in turn suggests that other Early Cretaceous intrusive rocks within this region are likely to be associated with mineralization and should be considered highly prospective for future mineral exploration.This study also indicates that the dating of garnet and titanite can also provide reliable geochronological data and evidence of the timing of mineralization and magmatism,respectively,in areas lacking other dateable minerals(e.g.,molybdenite)or where the relationship between mineralization and magmatism is unclear,for example in areas with multiple stages of magmatism,with complexly zoned plutons,and with distal skarn mineralization.

Mineralization,Geochemistry and Zircon U-Pb Ages of the Paodaoling Porphyry Gold Deposit in the Guichi Region,Lower Yangtze Metallogenic Belt,Eastern China

The newly discovered Paodaoling porphyry Au deposit from the Guichi region, Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt （LYRB）, contains 〉35 tons of Au at an average grade of -1.7 g/t. It is a porphyry ＇Au-only＇ deposit, as revealed by current exploration in the depths, mostly above -400 m, which is quite uncommon among coeval porphyry mineralization along the LYRB. Additionally, there are also Cu-Au bearing porphyries and barren alkaline granitoids in the Paodaoling district. Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of the Cu-Au-bearing porphyries yield an age of 141-140 Ma, falling within the main magmatic stage of the LYRB, whereas the barren granites give an age of 125-120 Ma, coeval with the regional A- type granites. The Cu-Au-bearing porphyries are LILE-, LREE-enriched and HFSE-depleted, typical of arc magmatic affinities. The barren granites are HFSE-enriched, with lower LREE/HREE ratios and pronounced negative Eu anomalies. The Cu-Au-bearing porphyries in the Paodaoling district have high oxygen fugacities and high water content. Pyrite sulfur isotopes of the Paodaoling gold deposit indicate a magmatic-sedimentary mixed source for the ore-forming fluids. Based on the alteration and poly-metal zonation of the deepest exploration drill hole from the Paodaoling Au deposit, we propose that Cu ore bodies could lie at depth beneath the current Au ore bodies. The magmatism and associated Cu-Au mineralization of the Paodaoling district are likely to have formed in a subduction setting, during slab rollback of the paleo-Pacific plate.

PRELIMINARY DISCUSSION ON METALLOGENESIS OF LANCANGJIANG RIVER TRANSITIONAL FIELD TECTONIC ZONE IN WESTERN YUNNAN

Applying the crustobody geotectonic theory to geological prospecting at the Lancangjiang river metallogenic belt in western Yunnan province, and on the basis of the basic geological background of western Yunnan and the space-time evolution-movement historical-dynamic features of the Lancangjiang river tectonic belt, the author has discussed firstly the metallogenesis of the Lancangjiang river transitional field tectonic zone, which can provide a new theoretical foundation for exploring the space-time laws of mineralization in this region.

Lead-Zinc-Silver Metallogenic Prediction Based on Weights of Evidence Approach:A case Study in Tuotuohe Region,Qinghai,China

Tuotuo River region(E91°-E93°,N33°-N 35°) is located in southwest Qinghai Province,P.R.China.It lies in one of the most important metallogenic belts in China—Northwest Sanjiang Metallogenic Belt,due to which Tuotuo River region can be of very high metal mineral potential not only in Qinghai Province but also nationwide.In this research,multisource data sets including geological,geochemical,geophysical, and remotely sensed images were integrated for mineral potential analysis with GIS technology.Under the guidance of regional metallogenic features and deposit-forming geologic anomaly theories,evidential layers were obtained from these sets,which

长江中下游斑岩-矽卡岩铜多金属矿床共伴生碲、硒资源现状和成矿规律浅析

斑岩-矽卡岩铜多金属矿床常伴生大量的碲、硒资源,提供了全球目前几乎所有的碲、硒产量,但碲、硒在这些矿床中的成矿规律还不清楚。长江中下游成矿带多处铜多金属矿床都伴生有硒和/或碲资源,但其资源现状、赋存状态和成矿规律的研究还较为薄弱。本文基于已有的研究资料,对长江中下游伴生碲、硒资源量进行了估算,对碲、硒的赋存状态和分布规律以及成矿规律进行了探讨。目前长江中下游已探明的伴生碲、硒资源量分别为9061 t和10574 t,相当于18个大型碲矿床、21个大型硒矿床,这些矿产资源已部分回收利用。其中九瑞矿集区的资源量最大。碲、硒主要以独立矿物形式存在,发育4种产状碲的独立矿物和2种产状硒的独立矿物,它们均形成于硫化物阶段,后者主要形成于晚硫化物阶段。根据资源量相对规模,该成矿带上的矿床类型可分为硒矿床、碲硒和硒碲矿床三种。以岩体为中心向外,碲、硒含量由低到高依次为斑岩型矿体、矽卡岩型矿体和层间交代型矿体。本文初步揭示了长江中下游成矿带碲、硒矿化的成矿规律,可为资源评价和找矿勘查提供科学依据。今后应加强对斑岩-矽卡岩铜金成矿系统中碲、硒富集机制的研究。

长江中下游成矿带南陵—宣城矿集区中生代构造—岩浆—成矿特征及其地质意义

安徽南陵—宣城矿集区是长江中下游成矿带中一个新确立的矿集区,近年来找矿勘查工作取得重要进展。笔者等在广泛收集以往区域地质调查以及最新地球物理探测和矿床地质勘查成果的基础上,系统总结了矿集区地质构造、岩浆岩和铜多金属矿床的地质和地球化学特征,探讨了中生代时期区域构造作用与岩浆作用和成矿作用的相互关系。研究认为,南陵—宣城矿集区构造上为一个受深大断裂控制的中生代—新生代陆相凹陷—断陷火山—沉积盆地,盆地之上叠置古生代地层构成的NE向指状展布的复背斜/逆冲推覆体,盆地基底地层组成和构造特征与盆地之上叠置的复背斜/逆冲推覆体基本一致,且两者均发育相同时代和特征的侵入岩及相关铜多金属矿床。南陵—宣城矿集区构造—岩浆—成矿特征总体上与长江中下游成矿带其他地区基本一致,反映自中生代以来受古太平洋板块向欧亚板块之下俯冲作用的控制,经历了强烈的陆内变形改造以及相应的多期次NW—SE向挤压作用和拉张作用。南陵—宣城矿集区构造—岩浆—成矿特征同时又具有其独特性,表现在其地质构造格架、侵入岩和矿床特征与长江中下游成矿带其他火山—沉积盆地明显不同,反映其在区域构造空间以及地壳基底结构和组成上的差异,同时揭示南陵—宣城矿集区是长江中下游成矿带跨构造单元复合系统的典型代表。

安徽安庆铜铁矿床钴的赋存状态、分布与富集规律研究

长江中下游成矿带是我国东部最重要的成矿带之一,广泛发育矽卡岩型铜铁矿床且伴生Co资源,而成矿带内的矽卡岩型铜铁矿床中关键金属Co元素的赋存状态、分布以及富集规律研究尚未系统开展。本文以矽卡岩型铜铁矿床——安庆铜矿为研究对象,通过系统采样、显微观察、扫描电子显微镜、全岩化学分析及矿物原位LA-ICP MS微量成分测试手段,初步估算矿床中伴生Co的资源量约为8769t,达到中型规模,查明了伴生Co的平均含量为166×10^(-6),综合利用潜力较大。查明了铜矿石中Co含量(平均含量为166×10^(-6))明显高于铁矿石(平均含量为126×10^(-6)),尤其是含铜磁黄铁矿型矿石中Co元素富集程度最高,且计算得出磁黄铁矿、黄铁矿、磁铁矿和黄铜矿分别赋存矿石Co含量的45.1%、52.8%、0.5%和1.6%。此外,矿床内不同类型矿化蚀变岩中Co含量与磁黄铁矿和黄铁矿总量具有较强的正相关性,Co主要以类质同像的形式赋存于黄铁矿和磁黄铁矿内,黄铁矿中Co的含量变化范围较大,早石英硫化物阶段的黄铁矿(Py1)中Co含量为258×10^(-6)~25920×10^(-6),晚石英硫化物阶段的黄铁矿(Py2)中Co含量为0.3×10^(-6)~594×10^(-6),磁黄铁矿中Co含量变化范围较小,主要集中于311×10^(-6)~1181×10^(-6),Co主要富集于早石英硫化物阶段,晚石英硫化物阶段不富集。含铜磁黄铁矿型矿石中Co元素变化范围大(85×10^(-6)~430×10^(-6))是由于矿石中黄铁矿和磁黄铁矿的含量以及黄铁矿Co含量极不均匀造成的。综合前人研究,本次工作认为大气降水混入引起的成矿流体冷却和稀释可能是导致安庆铜矿中Co元素沉淀富集在黄铁矿和磁黄铁矿内的主要因素。

安徽庐枞盆地西湾铅锌矿床闪锌矿中镉的赋存状态和富集机制研究

镉(Cd)是一种重要的关键金属元素,对国家安全和新兴产业发展具有重大意义。闪锌矿是最具经济意义的富镉矿物,查明闪锌矿中镉的赋存状态,对研究镉的富集机制具有重要的意义;但受限于研究手段,闪锌矿纳米尺度上镉的赋存状态研究仍相对薄弱。西湾矿床是长江中下游成矿带庐枞矿集区内新发现的大型铅锌矿床,矿床中产出富镉闪锌矿。本次研究使用LA-ICP-MS对闪锌矿进行原位微量元素含量和Mapping分析,查明闪锌矿微米尺度镉的分布规律;在此基础上使用扫描透射电镜(STEM)查明纳米级闪锌矿的微观形貌和高分辨原子像,明确纳米尺度镉的赋存状态。研究结果表明,西湾矿床闪锌矿中镉含量的变化范围为2186×10^(-6)~9859×10^(-6),镉在闪锌矿中分布不均匀,闪锌矿孔洞发育的区域相对富镉,而闪锌矿均质区域相对贫镉。通过高分辨原子像的晶面间距和原子线扫描结果,确定西湾矿床闪锌矿中Cd原子以原位替代Zn原子的形式赋存在闪锌矿晶格中,未发现纳米级镉的独立矿物。对比金顶和牛角塘等富镉铅锌矿床,长江中下游成矿带的铅锌矿床中平均镉含量不高,推测成矿带可能缺乏充足的镉物质来源。

云南省云县小平掌铜矿地质特征及矿床对比

云南省云县小平掌铜矿位于澜沧江成矿带,目前周边的官房铜矿、坝子铜矿均取得了找矿突破,经过前期工作,矿区内现已发现了多个地表矿化露头及矿(化)体,对矿区地质情况取得新的认识;结合周边矿床找矿资料及矿区地质工作情况进行综合研究,总结矿床地质特征,与区域内典型矿床进行对比,为矿区找矿工作提供指导。

High-resolution 3D crustal S-wave velocity structure of the MiddleLower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt and implications for its deep geodynamic setting

The Middle-Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt(MLYMB) is an important mineral resource region in China.High-resolution crustal models can provide crucial constraints to understand the ore-forming processes and geodynamic setting in this region. Using ambient seismic noise from 107 permanent and 82 portable stations in the MLYMB and the adjacent area,we present a new high-resolution 3D S-wave velocity model of this region. We first extract 5–50 s Rayleigh wave phase velocity dispersion data by calculating ambient noise cross-correlation functions(CFs) and then use the surface wave direct inversion method to invert the mixed path travel times for the 3D S-wave velocity structure. Checkerboard tests show that the horizontal resolution of the 3D S-wave velocity model is approximately 0.5°–1.0° and that the vertical resolution decreases with increasing noise and depth. Our high-resolution 3D S-wave velocity model reveals:(1) AV-shaped high-velocity zone(HVZ) is located in the lower crust and the uppermost mantle in the study region. The western branch of the HVZ passes through the Jianghan Basin,the Qinling-Dabie orogenic belt and the Nanxiang Basin. The eastern branch, which almost completely covers the main body of the MLYMB, is located near the Tanlu Fault. The low-velocity anomalies between the western and eastern branches are located in the area of the Qinling-Dabie orogenic belt.(2) High-velocity uplifts(HVUs) are common in the crust of the MLYMB,especially in the areas near the Tanlu Fault, the Changjiang Fault and the Yangxin-Changzhou Fault. The intensities of the HVUs gradually weaken from west to east. The V-shaped HVZ in the lower crust and uppermost mantle and the HVUs in the middle and lower crust likely represent cooled mantle intrusive rocks. During the Yanshanian period, fault systems formed in the MLYMB due to the convergence between the South China Plate and the North China Plate, the multiple-direction drifting of the PaleoPacific Plate and its subduction beneath the Eurasian Plate. The dehydration of the cold oceanic crust led to partial melting in the upper mantle. Temperature differences caused strong convection of the upper mantle material that underplated the lower crust and rose to near the surface along the deep fault systems. After mixing with the crustal materials, mineralization processes, such as assimilation and fractional crystallization, occurred in the MLYMB.

A 3D Investigation of Geological Structure and Its Relationship to Mineralization in the Nanling-Xuancheng Ore District,Middle-Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt,China

The Nanling-Xuancheng ore region of Anhui Province is located in the Middle-Lower Yangtze River metallogenic belt.Insufficient exploration and research have been carried out in this newly defined ore district,although the Chating large porphyry Cu-Au deposit and a few middle-sized skarntype Cu polymetallic deposits have been discovered.In this study,we carried out high-resolution seismic reflection,magnetotelluric,gravity,and magnetic investigations,and constructed the 3 D geological structure of the uppermost crust in a depth range of 0-5 km using a comprehensive inversion of the new data constrained by previous deep-drilling data.We hence proposed some new insights to understand the mineralization processes of this district.A system of alternating ridges and valleys is suggested as the major structure pattern,composed of“two-layer structure”of the basins and“three-layer structure”of anticlines.Moreover,a conjugated fault system and its distribution features are revealed in our models,including the Jiangnan fault,Zhouwang fault,and Kunshan thrust nappe.The Jiangnan and Kunshan faults are suggested to have controlled the diagenesis and metallogenesis.Two deep concealed plutons located in Chating and Magushan are found,forming the Mesozoic diorite-felsic intrusions.These intrusions are believed to be the causes of hydrothermal deposits such as the Chating deposit and the Magushan deposit.

长江中下游成矿带朱冲富钴矽卡岩型铁矿床的钴成矿机制:来自原位硫同位素和锆石U-Pb年龄的约束

钴作为关键战略性稀贵金属,主要以共伴生形式产于多类矿床中。其中,富钴矽卡岩型铁矿床是重要的具备开发潜力的矿床类型之一,但其钴的来源和富集机制不清。朱冲富钴矽卡岩型铁矿床位于长江中下游成矿带安庆-贵池矿集区,是成矿带内新近发现的首个大型矽卡岩型富铁矿床,其伴生的钴资源量达到了中等规模。同时,朱冲富钴矽卡岩型铁矿床中钴品位在长江中下游同类矿床中最高,达190g/t。本研究对朱冲富钴矽卡岩型铁矿床开展了成矿岩体锆石的U-Pb定年和矿床垂向(钻孔剖面)上黄铁矿原位硫同位素的空间变化分析。结果表明,两个深部隐伏的岩浆岩样品的锆石U-Pb年龄分别为139.6±1.0Ma和138.9±0.6Ma,为早白垩世。垂向上,黄铁矿硫同位素总体范围为+5.3‰~+13.9‰,δ^(34)S自上而下变化极大,且呈现较强的不均一性,明显不同于安庆铁铜矿的硫同位素组成。朱冲富钴矽卡岩铁矿自下而上矿化-蚀变分带中富钴磁铁矿矿体中黄铁矿δ^(34)S范围为5.3‰~10.0‰;近矿透辉石矽卡岩带中脉状黄铁矿δ^(34)S范围为12.1‰~13.9‰;蚀变闪长岩中脉状黄铁矿δ^(34) S范围为7.1‰~10.8‰;外带矽卡岩中脉状黄铁矿δ^(34)S范围为6.8‰~7.6‰;月山组含膏盐粉砂岩中黄铁矿δ^(34)S范围为12.0‰~12.7‰;最上部铜头尖组粉砂岩脉状黄铁矿δ^(34)S范围为6.1‰~7.8‰。朱冲富钴磁铁矿矿石中黄铁矿硫同位素介于月山岩体和月山组含膏盐粉砂岩硫同位素之间,矿石中硫同位素记录了两个端元的混合。长江中下游富钴矽卡岩型矿床(铁铜钴)成矿规模及品位的统计表明,钴矿化与铁铜矿床类型没有明显的对应关系,成矿热液中膏盐层硫的加入对钴矿化没有明显的影响,富钴矽卡岩型铁矿床钴主要源于岩浆热液,钴的沉淀主要受控于高温热液的演化。

江西九瑞矿集区武山铜矿床硒碲钴等关键金属的分布规律、赋存状态和富集机制

武山铜矿床是长江中下游成矿带九瑞矿集区内典型的层控-接触带矽卡岩型铜多金属矿床,铜资源量达到大型,此外还共生硒、碲、钴、镓、铊等关键金属矿产,具备良好的矿产资源综合利用前景,但矿床中关键金属的分布规律、赋存状态和富集机制等研究尚未开展。本文以武山铜矿床为研究对象,系统采集了矿床南矿带接触带矽卡岩型矿体3条勘探线(W3-2、S4-2、N6-1)、北矿带层控硫化物型矿体3条勘探线(E9-2、E2-1、W4-1)和层控矽卡岩型矿体1条勘探线(E7-3)代表性岩矿石样品。通过光学显微镜和扫描电镜的观察,结合全岩地球化学和矿物原位LA-ICP-MS分析,查明了矿床中硒、碲、钴等关键金属的空间分布规律与赋存状态,初步探讨了硒、碲、钴的迁移沉淀机制。研究结果表明矿床中伴生硒、碲、钴的估算资源量分别为5513t、611t和9597t,均达到大-中型规模;武山矿床是成矿带内硒含量最高、潜在资源量最大的矿床。北矿带矿体中Se、Te、Co含量明显高于南矿带,北矿带中部成矿中心向东西远端,矿体中Se、Te、Co含量规律性增高。矿石中Se、Te、Co含量与S含量具有较强的正相关性,矿石中硫化物的含量是关键金属含量主要控制指标;Se和Co富集于含铜黄铁矿矿石、含铜白云岩矿石、含铜矽卡岩矿石(高硫)中;Te富集于含铜黄铁矿矿石和含铜白云岩矿石中。矿床中硒、碲主要以独立矿物和硫化物中类质同象替换两种赋存形式,钴则主要以Co^(2+)类质同象形式进入黄铁矿矿物晶格。矿床中硒、碲随着成矿流体温度降低、硫逸度升高、氧逸度降低、pH值升高逐渐沉淀富集;钴主要随着硫化物的沉淀富集在黄铁矿中。

长江下游地区深部电性结构及岩石圈拆沉机制

长江下游地区处于中国东部的中间地带(图1),该区是中国重要的Cu、Fe、Au等多金属成矿带。长江下游地区呈狭窄带状分布了鄂东南、九江—瑞昌、安庆—贵池、庐江—枞阳、铜陵、宁芜和宁镇7个大型矿集区。该区晚中生代岩浆活动认为是主要成矿物质来源,但该区成矿的深部构造背景等方面仍然存在些争议(吕庆田等,2014)。长江下游地区处于中下扬子地区中生代构造体制转换的关键部位,特殊的构造位置与成矿作用之间的关系还不清楚.

富碱斑岩成因与Cu—Mo—Au矿床成矿作用——以金沙江—红河富碱斑岩成矿带为例

富碱斑岩因其产出构造环境独特、岩石类型特殊,并常与铜多金属矿床密切相关,而受到广泛关注。笔者等在回顾相关研究进展的基础上,通过岩石成因和构造环境、岩浆性质和岩浆源区等方面的综合研究,探讨了金沙江—红河富碱斑岩成矿带富碱岩浆成矿作用及成岩成矿机制。系统的矿床地质、年代学、地球化学等研究表明:①金沙江—红河富碱斑岩成矿带内成岩成矿作用集中于43~32 Ma,成矿富碱斑岩系始新世—渐新世I型钾玄质花岗斑岩,是印—亚大陆后碰撞背景下大陆内部大型走滑和伸展等动力过程诱导的岩浆活动产物,金沙江和哀牢山—红河断裂的差异走滑运动可能控制了成矿带差异性成岩成矿事件;②成矿带北段以Cu—Mo为主的成矿富碱斑岩源自新元古代下地壳的部分熔融,且源区有富集地幔和亏损地幔物质的加入,而南段以Cu—Au或Cu(—Mo—Au)为主的成矿富碱斑岩源自具有不同程度富集地幔物质加入的新生下地壳的部分熔融;③带内以Cu为主的斑岩—矽卡岩型矿床中成矿富碱斑岩的氧逸度(ΔFMQ)与矿床规模具有正相关性。除受氧逸度控制外,源区高K2O含量有利于斑岩—矽卡岩型Au矿床的形成。该研究对金沙江—红河富碱斑岩成矿带乃至同类矿床研究和找矿勘查具有理论和实际意义。

长江中下游成矿带伴生钴资源现状及综合利用潜力评价

钴是中国极度短缺的关键矿产资源,我国矿床中报道的钴资源量大部分以伴生形式产出,因此估算伴生钴资源量及评价其综合利用前景十分必要。长江中下游成矿带铁矿床、铜矿床及硫铁矿床中普遍伴生钴,但不同类型矿床中钴资源特征及差异、钴资源量及可利用性评价等研究尚未开展。目前大部分矿山伴生钴综合利用水平较低,钴资源浪费严重。本文通过全面收集整理近年来长江中下游成矿带相关研究资料,系统总结了成矿带不同类型矿床中钴的赋存状态,阐明钴在各类矿床中的富集特征,并估算了伴生钴资源量,评价了伴生钴的可利用性。研究结果表明,长江中下游成矿带铁矿床和硫铁矿床中主要载钴矿物为黄铁矿,少量为磁黄铁矿、磁铁矿等;铜矿床中载钴矿物以黄铁矿、黄铜矿为主,少量为磁黄铁矿、斑铜矿等;独立钴矿物在各类矿床中均有报道,主要有辉砷钴矿、硫铜钴矿、铁硫砷钴矿、硫镍钴矿、辉钴矿、斜方砷钴矿等。钴在铁、铜和硫铁矿床中发生了不同程度富集,其中矽卡岩型铁矿床中钴较为富集,总体达到了伴生钴边界品位;矽卡岩型铜矿床中的钴多数接近或达到伴生钴边界品位,少数未达到伴生钴边界品位;玢岩型铁矿床、斑岩型铜矿床、矽卡岩型和玢岩型硫铁矿床中钴的富集程度低,普遍未达到伴生钴边界品位。成矿带伴生钴资源丰富,具备形成中-大型富钴矿床的资源条件,初步估算规模达到大型的矿床有3个(程潮、铁山、罗河),规模达到中型的矿床有22个(龙桥、朱冲、白象山、金山店、安庆、武山、城门山、丰山洞、铜绿山、铜山口、大包庄、新桥、泥河、高村、梅山、和尚桥、姑山、沙溪、茶亭、姚家岭、冬瓜山、黄屯);具有良好综合利用前景的伴生钴资源量约10.8万t,具有一定综合利用前景的伴生钴资源量约4.6万t,可作为未来潜在接替伴生钴资源量约12.5万t。成矿带主要矿床通过磁选、浮选可获得含钴>0.20%的硫精矿,冶炼过程中可得到含钴达0.22%的转炉渣。对于含钴硫精矿或含钴转炉渣,可通过浮选法、火法冶炼法、湿法分离法、萃取法和微生物浸出法等工艺实现钴的高效回收利用,且回收率可达80%以上,预期可以产生较好的经济效益。本文的研究方法对热液矿床中伴生钴资源量的评价具有重要的借鉴意义。