Welfare for the Aged in Nigeria,a Sustenance for the Declining Older Population and Aged Male in Nigeria

A buttress on the need for welfare program in Nigeria and the important obligation to consider the Economics’and CIA’s contextual position for the dependency ratios,both total and elderly dependency ratio alongside the consideration of the age structure and demography statistics of Nigeria relatively to other economies,particularly as an elixir for the declining older population in Nigeria and the aged male contraction in the nation.Although,older female population is higher in every country as obtainable globally,the Nigerian case is that of drastic contraction in both aged male and older population generally.Therefore,the submission is that the government has to consider the total dependency ratio to the elderly dependency ratio,which is all-encompassing in order to cater for the declining older population and to appropriate the requisite welfare cum benefits programs in the nation.

The public health benefits of Tai Ji Quan——Addressing the unmet needs of aging populations in the 21st century

1.Introduction With the increase in older populations worldwide1 comes an increased health burden related to chronic diseases.2–4One of the most disabling of these is knee osteoarthritis（OA）,which occurs in millions of older adults who subsequently live with joint pain and stiffness,leading to chronic disability and a diminished quality of life.5,6 Epidemiological evidence shows a higher prevalence of OA in older adults living in urban and

Association between anesthesia technique and complications after hip surgery in the elderly population

BACKGROUND Spinal anesthesia is superior to general anesthesia for postoperative recovery in older patients(≥65 age).However,evidence for this is lacking.AIM To evaluate the effect of anesthesia on postoperative complications in older patients undergoing hip surgery.METHODS This is a retrospective,propensity score-matched,cohort study.Patients≥65-years-old who underwent hip surgery at the Traditional Chinese Medicine of Guangdong Provincial Hospital in China from October 2016 to June 2020 were included.The operative methods were femoral fracture’s internal fixation and hip replacement.The orthopedic doctors in different hospitals of our group have varied requirements for patients’out-of-bed time after surgery.Therefore,spinal anesthesia or general anesthesia was selected according to the requirements of the orthopedic doctors.The primary outcome of this study was complications during the hospitalization of the postoperative patient.The length of hospital stay,postoperative blood transfusion,routine blood analysis,renal function,coagulation function,and inflammatory correlations were secondary outcomes.Propensity score matching(PSM)was performed utilizing logistic regression.RESULTS Among the 864 patients identified from the electronic medical record data database,we screened out those with incomplete medical record data.After PSM of the baseline values of the two groups of patients,data of 309 patients(206 patients in spinal anesthesia group and 103 patients in general anesthesia)were utilized in this study.67/309 patients had complications,including postoperative limb dysfunction,pulmonary infection,delirium,lower extremity venous thrombosis,and shock.The incidence of complications was not related to anesthesia methods(P>0.05),but the levels of D-Dimer(P=0.017),fibrinogen(P=0.005),and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs CRP)(P=0.002)in the spinal anesthesia group were significantly higher than those in the general anesthesia group.CONCLUSION Anesthesia technology is not a risk factor for postoperative complications of hip surgery.The levels of D-Dimer and hs CRP were higher in the spinal anesthesia group.

Excessive 5-year weight gain predicts metabolic syndrome development in healthy middle-aged adults

AIM:To quantitatively examine the impacts of an easyto-measure parameter-weight gain-on metabolic syndrome development among middle-aged adults. METHODS:We conducted a five-year interval observational study.A total of 1384 middle-aged adults not meeting metabolic syndrome(MetS)criteria at the initial screening were included in our analysis.Baseline data such as MetS-components and lifestyle factors were collected in 2002.Body weight and MetS-components were measured in both 2002 and 2007.Participants were classified according to proximal quartiles of weight gain(WG)in percentages(%WG≤1%,1%< %WG≤5%,5%<%WG≤10%and%WG>10%, defined as:control,mild-WG,moderate-WG and severe-WG groups,respectively)at the end of the follow-up. Multivariate models were used to assess the association between MetS outcome and excessive WG in the total population,as well as in both genders. RESULTS:In total,175(12.6%)participants fulfilled MetS criteria within five years.In comparison to the control group,mild-WG adults had an insignificant risk for MetS development while adults having moderate-WG had a 3.0-fold increased risk for progression to MetS [95%confidence interval(CI),1.8-5.1],and this risk was increased 5.4-fold(95%CI,3.0-9.7)in subjects having severe-WG.For females having moderate-and severe-WG,the risk for developing MetS was 3.6(95% CI,1.03-12.4)and 5.5(95%CI,1.4-21.4),respectively. For males having moderate-and severe-WG,the odds ratio for MetS outcome was respectively 3.0(95%CI, 1.6-5.5)and 5.2(95%CI,2.6-10.2). CONCLUSION:For early-middle-aged healthy adults with a five-year weight gain over 5%,the severity of weight gain is related to the risk for developing metabolic syndrome.

The effect of older population on public health spending:Evidence from Spain

ackground:The gradual ageing of the population,and its effect on public spending,constitutes an urgent challenge for advanced economies.Through this study,we analyse the effect of older people,and their health and individual characteristics,on public health spending.Methods:Using logistic regression methods,we have analysed the use of different health services and health technologies by older people in Spain,controlled for several health,socioeconomic,and other individual factors.Results:The main factors that explain the consumption of both health services and health technology,above age,are related to the so-called need factors:self-reported health status,presence of chronic diseases,and disability.Conclusion:Knowing the main factors that imply greater public health spending is a topic of special interest for designing efficient health policies,in a context of growth in public health spending.In this way,preventive attention on the so-called need factors may be an important driver to improve the effectiveness of spending.

Heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction in older patients with chronic kidney disease: the China Hypertension Survey (2012‒2015)

Background Heart failure(HF)is a leading cause of hospitalization and mortality for older chronic kidney disease(CKD)patients.However,the epidemiological data is scarce.We aimed to determine the prevalence of left ventricular(LV)dysfunction and HF,and to explore the risk factors for HF among those patients.Methods This is a cross-sectional analysis of the China Hypertension Survey conducted between October 2012 and December 2015.A total of 5,808 participants aged≥65 years were included in the analysis.Self-reported history of HF and any other cardiovascular diseases was acquired.2-D and Doppler echocardiography were used to assess LV dysfunction.CKD was defined as either estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)<60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 or urinary albumin to creatinine ratio(ACR)≥30 mg/g.Results Among CKD patients aged≥65 years,the weighted prevalence of HF,heart failure with preserved ejection fraction(HFpEF),heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction(HFmrEF),and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction(HFrEF)was 4.8%,2.5%,0.8%,and 1.7%,respectively.The weighted prevalence of HF was 5.0%in patients with eGFR<60 mL/min per 1.73 m2,and was 5.9%in patients with ACR≥30 mg/g.The prevalence of LV systolic dysfunction was 3.1%,and while it was 8.9%for moderate/severe diastolic dysfunction.Multivariate analysis showed that smoking was significantly associated with the risk of HF.Furthermore,age,smoking,and residents in rural areas were significantly associated with a risk of LV diastolic dysfunction.Conclusions The prevalence of HF and LV dysfunction was high in older patients with CKD,suggesting that particular strategies will be required.

数智化时代老年人社会参与的挑战与应对策略——基于MOA理论的实证研究

随着积极应对人口老龄化国家战略的实施,养老观念正发生转变,从传统单纯地为老年人生活提供支持,逐步转向鼓励老年人继续参与社会活动,即进行积极的社会参与。数智化技术既给老年人积极社会参与带来更多的机遇,也是未来老年人社会参与的必由之路。基于MOA理论对20位老年人开展为期14天的日记研究,结果表明,数智化技术确实为老年人带来了更多社会参与的机会,但也造成老年人在社会参与时面临“想参与但无从参与”“有机会但参与困难”与“参与但获得感不强”三大挑战。要改善这一现状,首先,要完善制度设计,通过出台老年人社会参与统一平台建设、技术赋能老年社会参与的相关政策,保障参与环境;其次,要建设统一平台,构建包含老年人、养老服务机构(企业)和医疗(健康)服务机构等不同主体共同聚合的生态系统,保障老年人的社会参与机会;再次,推动技术赋能,在做好高频应用适老化改造的基础上,加强对智能化功能的建设,对技术使用的门槛做减法,为技术应用形式做加法;最后,要积极鼓励和推广以志愿服务、银发网红、再就业等为代表形式的“老有所为”活动,支持老年人继续发挥余热,使晚年生活更充实、更有意义。

老年人口腔自我保健健康信念问卷的编制及信效度检验

目的编制老年人口腔自我保健健康信念问卷并检验其信效度。方法以健康信念模式为理论基础,通过文献回顾、半结构访谈构建条目池,通过专家函询、预调查形成初始问卷,便利抽样选取565名社区老年人进行问卷调查,检验信效度。结果老年人口腔自我保健健康信念问卷包括感知益处、感知障碍、感知严重性、感知易感性和感知自我效能5个维度共25个条目。探索性因子分析共提取5个公因子,累计方差贡献率为71.524%;验证性因子分析:χ2/df=2.766,IFI=0.929、CFI=0.928、TLI=0.917、PCFI=0.798、PNFI=0.768,RMESA=0.079。I-CVI为0.833~1.000,S-CVI/UA为0.920;问卷总体Cronbach′sα系数为0.959。结论老年人口腔自我保健健康信念问卷信效度良好,可用于老年人口腔自我保健健康信念测评。

数字鸿沟对农村老年人社会参与的影响

在数字时代与老龄化社会的双重背景下,数字鸿沟对农村老年人社会参与造成的影响亟待关注。基于2020年中国家庭追踪调查数据,运用层次回归和中介效应检验法实证研究数字鸿沟对农村老年人社会参与的影响及作用机制。研究发现:数字鸿沟对农村老年人社会参与有显著负向影响,其中使用沟与知识沟负向作用于农村老年人社会参与,接入沟则正向作用于农村老年人社会参与。数字鸿沟主要通过健康状况、文化资本和社会信任3个渠道影响农村老年人社会参与,且健康状况、文化资本和社会信任均正向作用于农村老年人社会参与。异质性分析发现,相较于女性,数字鸿沟对农村男性老年人社会参与的负向影响效果更大,但在政治参与方面则相反。研究结论可为提升农村老年人社会参与水平、积极应对人口老龄化危机提供参考意见。

老年友善医院的建设现状及推动策略研究

研究发现,随着人口老龄化的深入,建设老年友善医院已成为当前医疗改革的重要内容,并取得一定进展,但总体来说,还存在概念意识需要深入、硬软件设施需完善、地区差异明显等问题。为解决这些问题,文章通过分析我国老年友善医院建设的现状,探讨其面临的问题和不足,并提出了以下策略:一是加强理念宣传,提高各界对老年友善的认识;二是健全评估标准和激励机制,推动医院建设步伐;三是加大政府投入支持医院建设;四是开展不同地区之间的经验交流合作。因此,全面推进老年友善医院建设,需要全社会共同参与,以更好满足老年人日益增长的医疗需求。未来还需深入研究各地区差异化的对策,促进我国老年友善医疗体系的完善与发展。

老年人在线医疗健康信息获取能力及影响因素研究进展

综述老年群体在线医疗健康信息获取能力现状,从人口学、健康状况、健康素养、社会支持、互联网健康服务等方面深入分析老年群体在线医疗健康信息获取能力的影响因素,为制定有效干预措施提高老年群体数字健康信息获取能力提供参考。

Do social contacts improve the mental health of middle-aged and older adults in China?

This paper aims to investigate how social contacts affect middle-aged and older adults’(MOA)mental health,happiness,depression,and loneliness in China.The results show that social relations lead to an improvement of mental health and hap-piness and relief of depression and loneliness.For respondents who changed the sta-tus of their social contacts during the sample period,social relations benefit overall mental health and happiness but have no significant impact on depression and lone-liness.Moreover,the loss in mental health and happiness from quitting the social activities exceeds the gain from joining.This asymmetrical impact between adding and dropping social contacts emphasizes the importance of maintaining the social relations of current participants.On average,the MOA’s willingness to pay(WTP)for social contacts ranges from$235 to$270,or 9.57-11.00%of income a year.

Fatty liver disease and risk of all cause and cause-specific mortality outcomes in the older population

Accumulating evidence in recent years has reinforced the notion that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease/metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease/metabolic dysfunction steatotic liver disease(NAFLD/MAFLD/MASLD)is a multisystem disease that increases the risk of all-cause and disease-specific mortality(1,2).

我国老年痴呆研究概况

检索中、西文大型权威数据库(包括CNKI、PubMed、Elsevier and PsycInfo)中有关中国老年人口的痴呆研究文献13037篇,对这些文献的分析结果表明:1.研究主题涉及痴呆的流行病学(1.68%)、痴呆的发病机制与风险因素(37.4%)、痴呆的临床表现与诊断(9.8%)、痴呆的治疗与干预(40.2%)以及关于痴呆的其它研究(10.9%);2.不同研究所报道的我国痴呆患病率彼此差异很大,60岁及以上人口的痴呆患病率平均为3.5%(95%CI 2.8-4.2),且患病率随年龄而增长;3.痴呆的发病机制非常复杂,是由内外多种因素交互作用的结果,其中,有些风险因素的结果比较一致,有些保护因素的结果也有共识,但不少因素的影响尚需进一步探讨;4.研究认为,今后需要增强样本代表性、完善检测与诊断工具、在加强痴呆流行病学和临床症状研究的同时,进一步加强痴呆患病的延缓因素研究,以便为老年痴呆的护理和干预提供客观的科学依据。

国外老年人口长期护理服务支付方式及其对中国的启示

人口老龄化使长期护理成为国际社会关注的热点问题。文章根据一些国家经验,从支付单位选择、支付水平和需方补偿内容选择3个方面,分析了长期护理的支付制度。针对我国老年长期护理支付的现状,提出通过评估自理能力来确定护理级别,并按护理级别细化服务内容和支付水平,积极发展实物补偿的形式,并通过受益者共付等方式降低道德风险和提高服务质量。

老年人出行选择行为影响因素研究

研究老年人出行选择行为影响因素,有利于提高城市交通系统对老龄化社会的适应性。根据北京市居民出行调查数据,利用非集计理论和方法构建的老年人出行选择行为模型,可从源头上分析影响老年人出行选择行为的个人、家庭社会经济背景等因素,并对老年人出行选择行为进行预测。研究结果表明:性别,年龄,是否持有驾照、月票,家庭月收入,家庭交通工具拥有情况等对老年人出行选择行为有显著影响;利用模型估计得到的参数计算事件发生比,可进一步了解各影响因素对老年人出行选择行为的影响程度。

我国老年人消费需求和老年消费品市场研究

随着老年人口数量的增加,老年人口的需求在社会总需求的比重也逐渐上升,为老年消费品市场的发展创造了良好的条件。但是我国老年消费品市场的现状却与这种发展趋势不相适应。因此,我们应当看到老年消费品市场的规模和增长潜力,重视并大力发展老年消费品市场。

流动老人社会融合的概念和指标体系研究

文章阐述了流动老人社会融合概念的内涵与外延,并建构该概念的测量指标体系。流动老人兼具老年和流动的双重特征,使得老年社会学和流动人口两种研究视角交织在一条轨道上来理解流动老人社会融合的内涵。流动老人社会融合是指流动老人在流入地通过自我应对,尤其是社会支持等途径,消减遭受社会排斥的风险,建立起与其生活空间的良好互动关系,从而满足各种老年生活基本需要,实现生活质量提高的状态。从流动老人所处生活空间的角度分析,流动老人社会融合包括心理认同、家庭融洽、社区融合、区域适应、制度包融五个维度,每个维度包含若干代表性指标。

“银发一族”成为网络达人有可能么?——基于老年电子商务现状及问题的探析

人口老龄化的推进,使得老年人数量逐渐增加,老年群体逐渐受到重视,老年服务业也逐渐兴起。互联网已成为人们生活中相互交流的必备的工具。网络也不再成为年轻人的专利,触网的老年人越来越多,老年人网购、网上聊天、网上冲浪成为一些老年人茶余饭后的话题。本文在分析我国人口老龄化、互联网发展现状的基础上,对国内外老年电子商务发展进行研究,进而发现老年电子商务在发展中存在的问题,最后提出相关建议,希望对老年电子商务——这一新兴产业的发展有所帮助。

中国老年人口高龄化趋势及原因的国际比较分析

进入本世纪 ,在人口老龄化速度加快的同时 ,老年人口将呈现高龄化趋势。本文运用历次人口普查资料 ,对我国老年人口年龄结构及高龄老人规模变动趋势、成因及所带来的影响进行了分析。通过国际比较 ,对我国老年人口高龄化程度及高龄老年人口状况有一较客观的认识。与发达国家相比 ,我国老年人口高龄化进程在很大程度上受出生人口队列影响 ,同时死亡率下降的作用在逐渐增大。老年人口高龄化趋势将使孤寡老人及老年妇女问题尤为突出。