Coping review of dementia fear studies among middle-aged and elderly people in the community

This study used Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review methodology as a framework and searched the following databases:PubMed,Embase,EBSCO,CINAHL,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,Scopus,CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,and the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database.The database is open to December 20,2023,and documents related to the fear of dementia among the elderly in the community are described and analyzed to provide a reference for future research in this field.At the same time,we screened,extracted,and summarized relevant information from 21 included documents(16 in English and 5 in Chinese),which consisted of 16 cross-sectional studies,2 quasi-experimental studies,2 randomized controlled studies,and 1 longitudinal study.Sixteen of the included documents mentioned the incidence or level of dementia fear among the elderly in the community,2 addressed the adverse effects of dementia fear,and 4 reported prevention and intervention measures for dementia fear.In total,there are 8 assessment tools,and the influencing factors are categorized into sociodemographic characteristics,psychological and behavioral characteristics,sociocultural background factors,and health and dementia-related factors.The final conclusion is that the fear of dementia is common among the elderly in the community.In the future,the application of research tools should be expanded among middle-aged individuals,with considerations for other types of dementia in mind.It is recommended to conduct large-scale,multi-center randomized controlled trials while confirming the intervention’s effect on different types of middle-aged and elderly individuals,focusing on the long-term impact of these intervention measures to promote healthy aging.

Public Square Dancing Intervention on Subjective Well-Being of Middle-Aged and Elderly People:A Meta-Analysis

Objective:To understand the influence of public square dancing on the subjective well-being of middle-aged and elderly people.Methods:According to the principle of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)guidelines,we search Chinese databases,such as CNKI,Wanfang Data,and VIP,and English databases,such as Proquest,Web of Science,Pubmed,Cochrane,and ScienceDirect,and collect relevant articles at home and abroad from 2006 to December 2019 for meta-analysis in January 2020.Result:A total of 10 articles were included.The meta-analysis results showed that the well-being of middle-aged and elderly people in the public square dancing intervention group was significantly higher than that of the other exercise group and control group(both P<0.01).The results of the subgroup analysis showed the following:Different durations of intervention significantly influence the intervention effect(P<0.01).No difference was found between the effect of the mixed-gender intervention and the individual female intervention(P>0.05).No significant difference was found between the groups with weekly intervention frequency(P>0.05).Conclusion:Public square dancing intervention is effective for middle-aged and elderly people’s subjective well-being.Neither mixed intervention nor the times of weekly intervention have an impact on the intervention effect.However,the length of duration of intervention influences the intervention effect.

Correlation between psychological traits and the use of smart medical services in young and middle-aged adults: An observational study

BACKGROUND Psychological problems affect economic development.However,there is a huge gap between mental health service resources and mental health service needs.Existing mental health service technology and platforms cannot meet all the diverse mental health needs of people.Smart medicine is a new medical system based online that can effectively improve the quality and efficiency of medical services and make mental health services accessible.AIM To explore the level of intelligent medical use among young and middle-aged people and its correlation with psychological factors.METHODS Convenience sampling was used to select 200 young and middle-aged patients with medical experience at the Third People's Hospital of Chengdu between January 2022 and January 2023 as the research subjects.The general condition Questionnaire,Eysenck Personality Questionnaire,Symptom Checklist-90,General Health Questionnaire,and Smart Medical Service Use Intention Questionnaire were used to collect data.Pearson’s correlation was used to analyze the correlation between the participants’willingness to use smart medical services and their personality characteristics,psychological symptoms,and mental health.RESULTS The results revealed that the mental health of young and middle-aged people was poor,and some had psycho-logical problems such as anxiety,depression,and physical discomfort.Familiarity,acceptance,and usage of smart healthcare in this population are at a medium level,and these levels correlate with psychological characteristics.Acceptance was positively correlated with E,and negatively correlated with P,anxiety,fear,anxiety/insomnia,and social dysfunction.The degree of use was negatively correlated with P,obsessive-compulsive symptoms,depression,anxiety,hostility,paranoia,and somatic symptoms.CONCLUSION The familiarity,acceptance,and usage of smart medical services among the middle-aged and young groups are related to various psychological characteristics.

Physical and psychological condition of senior people in a residential care facility. The effects of an aerobic training

The present study is aimed at investigating the changes between pre-test and post-test, after having introduced an aerobic programme of physical activity (one session, each of 45’ per week for 15 weeks, over a span of roughly four months, delivered by specially trained instructor), in the psychological situation (perception of general health, feelings of geriatric depression) and physical condition (activities of daily living, physical performance in terms of balance and gait, weight, and body mass index–BMI) of a group of senior citizens slightly compromised at Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE: median 23) and living in a residential care facility in northern Italy. The 36-Item Short Form Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36), the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), the Italian short version of Barthel's Index of Activities of Daily Living (BADL), the Tinetti Assessment Tool were administered to 18 old men and women (median age 85.50 years). The findings (we used non- parametric statistical techniques) showed that: 1) general health perception, feelings of depression, and activities of daily were stable;2) general physical performance, and particularly the balance, increased between pre-test and post-test, while weight, BMI and waist circumference decreased. These results underline the importance, especially in the case of women, of participating at an aerobic training delivered by experienced instructors for the physical condition of senior citizens, also when they are slightly cognitively compromised.

The Relationship between Mental Health Literacy and Subjective Well-Being of Young and Middle-Aged Residents: Perceived the Mediating Role of Social Support and Its Urban-Rural Differences

This study investigates mental health literacy among young and middle-aged urban and rural residents and the differences in mental health literacy,perceived social support and subjective well-being.From January to February 2022,620 participants(320 rural and 300 urban residents)from three provinces of China were selected by con-venience sampling.A general data questionnaire,mental health literacy scale,perceived social support scale and subjective well-being scale were administered.The mental health literacy scores of urban residents were 3.34±0.57 and those of rural residents were 2.73±0.79.The results of multiple regression analysis showed that the mental health literacy scores of rural residents were more significant than those of urban residents in terms of sex and age,while urban residents’mental health literacy scores were more significant than those of rural resi-dents in terms of monthly income.Mental health literacy,perceived social support and subjective well-being of young and middle-aged urban and rural residents were all positively correlated(P<0.01).While the level of mental health literacy is better among urban residents than rural residents,perceived social support plays a partial mediating role between mental health literacy and subjective well-being of both urban and rural residents,and should be the focus of researchers seeking to improve the level of well-being of residents.

Relationship between Waist Circumference, Waist-Height Ratio, Body Fat Percentage, Visceral Fat and Bone Mineral Density in Middle-Aged and Elderly Zhuang of China

Objective: To understand the correlation between different degrees of obesity and bone mineral density (BMD). Methods: 772 cases (300 men and 472 females) of Zhuang over 40 years old were randomly selected. The BMD and T score were calculated by measuring the right heel bone using a quantitative-ultrasound densitometer. Body composition index of body weight, waist circumference (WC), waist height ratio (WtHR), body fat percentage (BFP) and visceral fat (VF) were measured using a bioelectrical impedance method. Results: The BMI, WC, and WtHR of the male osteoporosis group were lower than those of the normal bone mass (NBM) group (P Conclusion: BMI is positively correlated with BMD in Zhuang. BFP has a greater correlation with female BMD, and a small reduction in BFP can result in a significant decrease in BMD. BMD of male was positively correlated with abdominal obesity indicators (WC, WtHR, VF). However, abdominal obesity has no obvious effect on the promotion of BMD in women, and increased WtHR can lead to a decrease in BMD. Zhuang can appropriately increase the amount of fat within the normal weight range. At the same time, reasonable exercise and balanced nutrition to avoid excessive obesity or low body weight can reduce the incidence of osteoporosis and osteoporosis fractures.

Associations of short-term ambient temperature exposure with lung function in middle-aged and elderly people:A longitudinal study in China

The short-term associations of ambient temperature exposure with lung function in middle-aged and elderly Chinese remain obscure.The study included 19,128 participants from the Dongfeng-Tongji cohort's first(2013)and second(2018)follow-ups.The lung function for each subject was determined between April and December 2013 and re-assessed in 2018,with three parameters(forced vital capacity[FVC],forced expiratory volume in 1 s[FEV1],and peak expiratory flow[PEF])selected.The China Meteorological Data Sharing Service Center provided temperature data during the study period.In the two follow-ups,a total of 25,511 records(average age:first,64.57;second,65.80)were evaluated,including 10,604 males(41.57%).The inversely J-shaped associations between moving average temperatures(lag01–lag07)and FVC,FEV1,and PEF were observed,and the optimum temperatures at lag04 were 16.5C,18.7C,and 16.2C,respectively.At lag04,every 1C increase in temperature was associated with 14.07 mL,9.78 mL,and 62.72 mL/s increase in FVC,FEV1,and PEF in the lowtemperature zone(<the optimum temperatures),whereas 5.72 mL,2.01 mL,and 11.64 mL/s decrease in the high-temperature zone(the optimum temperatures),respectively(all P<0.05).We observed significant effect modifications of gender,age,body mass index,body surface area,smoking status,drinking status,and physical activity on the associations(all Pmodification<0.05).Non-optimal temperatures may cause lung function decline.Several individual characters and lifestyles have effect modification on the temperature effects.

Prevalence and influence factors of self-medication in Chinese middle-aged and elderly people: evidence from 2011, 2013 and 2015 CHARLS panel data

Self-medication is an increasingly frequent phenomenon worldwide and has an important influence on health.In this study,we analyzed the self-medication prevalence rate in Chinese middle-aged and elderly people,and explored the influence factors.The data from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS)in 2011,2013 and 2015 were used.Self-medication prevalence was calculated as the number of whole people divided by the number of people taking self-medication.The influence factors of self-medication were analyzed by panel data random effect model.We excluded observations with missing values in our analysis,leaving 16 962,17 876 and 19 572 observations in 2011,2013 and 2015,respectively.The average 3-year self-medication prevalence was 45.52%.Moreover,11.70%of respondents practiced self-medication with prescription medicine in 2011,2013 and 2015.Respondents living in non-rural areas(P=0.009)and western region(P=0.000)took more self-medication.Self-medication was a common phenomenon among middle-aged and elderly population in China.The government should strengthen the guidance for the middle-aged and elderly people who took more self-medication,such as those living in urban and western region.

Analysis of the impact of exercise education interventions on middle-aged and elderly people in Central-western rural China

This study aims to analyze the impact of health education effort that promote exercise activities have had on middle-aged and older people in central-western rural China.The Project for Family Health Care(PFHC)of the population in central and western China used questionnaires completed anonymously to survey 4217 randomly selected respondents in the baseline year of 2011,and 4529 in the end-line year of 2015.We used bivariate and multivariate analyses to examine the associations between several factors and regular exercise activities.The 2011 baseline year sample indicated that 90.5%of respondents knew the functions of regular exercise,but that only 45.4%participated in regular exercise activities.In the baseline multivariate model,a number of factors were positively associated with the prevalence of participation in regular exercise activities.Respondents who were women,older,retired,lived with children,had chronic diseases,and self-reported better health were more likely to participate in regular exercise.The proportion of those participating in regular exercise increased to 75.9%among the end-line year respondents after health education.This study revealed that health education interventions effectively encouraged rural middle-aged and elderly people to participate in regular exercise activities.Health education efforts of this sort for rural middle-aged and older adults should be further strengthened,and more public facilities for exercise should be provided.

METABONOMICS CHARACTERISTICS OF MIDDLE-AGED AND ELDERLY CHINESE PEOPLE WITH QI-INSUFFICIENCY CONSTITUTION

The aim of the work was to investigate the metabonomic characteristics of qi-insufficiency constitution among middle-aged and elderly healthy Chinese people.All healthy Chinese participants were screened from 2012annual health check-up for middle-aged and elderly community residents(=50 years old)at Chajiao community,

彭真指导《民法通则》制定中的立法经验

《民法通则》的制定过程充满各种曲折、争议,作为组织者的彭真,一方面要从整体上制定符合时代需要的法律,另一方面也要平衡各种利益、需求以及不同观点。在立法中坚持一切从实际出发、发扬民主、与中央保持一致、发挥全国人大常委会的作用是几个重要的立法经验。这些立法经验对今天的立法工作仍有重要现实意义。

不同运动项目对老年人认知能力的影响

目的：研究不同运动项目对老年人认知能力的影响。方法：采用整群随机抽样方法,在上海市部分社区招募常年具有运动习惯的健康老年人群（60-69岁）。根据既定的标准,将其纳入5个运动项目组,即乒乓球组、广场舞组、游泳组、太极拳组和易筋经组;对照组除日常体力活动外,不做任何项目运动锻炼。采用蒙特利尔认知评估量表（Mo CA）对老年人的认知能力进行评估。结果：乒乓球组、太极拳组和易筋经组老年人的认知水平显著高于对照组（P〈0.01）;在控制年龄或学历等因素后,乒乓球组和易筋经组与对照组相比,依然存在统计学差异（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）;同时控制年龄和学历的影响因素之后,只有易筋经组老年人的认知评分显著高于对照组（P〈0.01）。结论：不同运动项目对老年人认知能力的影响存在差异,其中乒乓球和易筋经对老年人认知能力的促进作用较为显著。

老年人6种常见慢性病的疾病负担

目的了解我国老年人中脑血管疾病、恶性肿瘤、心脏病、糖尿病、高血压、呼吸系统疾病等6种常见的老年慢性疾病的疾病负担现状。方法通过对国家卫生服务调查数据的分析,采用患病率、死亡率、去死因期望寿命等指标对健康损失进行估计;并计算了这6种疾病的直接经济损失。结果在8811万65岁以上人群中受这6种疾病侵害的老年人在2000万以上。去死因期望寿命计算结果显示,这6种疾病导致的65岁以上老年人期望寿命损失,城市为8.18岁,农村为7.78岁,全国合计为7.86岁,分别占65岁时期望寿命的51.35%,50.82%和50.78%;我国目前这6种慢性病在65岁以上老年人群中造成的直接经济负担约为340亿元人民币,约占2002年我国卫生总费用的6%。结论无论是健康损失还是经济损失,这6种常见慢性疾病导致的疾病负担均是巨大的,将给社会和政府造成巨大的压力。

体育锻炼对老年人整体自尊与心理幸福感的影响研究

以天津市、北京市、扬州市、西安市等4个城市,60-80岁的老年人为研究对象,采用问卷调查、量表测量和数据统计等方法,从心理学角度探讨体育锻炼在老年人整体自尊与心理幸福感关系中的影响,以期为老年人进行适当的体育锻炼提供科学依据。研究结果表明:由于体育锻炼的介入,使得整体自尊对老年人心理幸福感的影响增强,因而体育锻炼在老年人整体自尊与其心理幸福感的关系中起到了调节作用。

老年耐药菌肺炎的中医证型演变规律研究

目的探寻老年人耐药菌肺炎的中医证候分布与证候演变的规律。方法对144例老年耐药菌肺炎患者的中医四诊资料进行辨证,判断其入院不同时间点的中医证型,分析其证型的演变特点。结果不同年龄段、性别和发病季节的患者,入院时的中医证候分布差异无统计学意义;而不同耐药致病菌感染引起的老年耐药菌肺炎入院第1天时的中医证候分布、不同病情转归患者之间中医证型分布有差异;老年耐药菌肺炎初期以痰热壅肺证为主,亦可见热闭心包证,中期是是否出现变证的关键时期,邪陷正脱证由其他证候演变而来,后期气阴两虚证常见。结论老年耐药菌肺炎入院时的中医证型分布与患者的年龄、性别、发病季节等无相关性,而与感染的致病耐药菌及病情转归有相关性,且老年人耐药菌肺炎的中医证候在入院不同时间点呈现出动态演变过程。

老年人太极拳运动前后心肺功能的变化

通过系统观察测试部分长年参加武术锻炼和无训练者在完成规定的太极拳运动前、运动中、运动后的心肺功能指标变化后发现：长期从事太极拳运动的老年人心脏射血速度和射血加速度均显著性优于普通人（Ｐ＜０．０５），而且肺活量也显著大于普通人（Ｐ＜０．０５）。此外，一系列指标显示长年从事太极拳运动对促进老年人心肺功能的改善确实具有积极作用，同时大量的研究结果也为老年人如何参加该项运动锻炼提供了切实可行的实验依据。

不同架势太极拳练习对老年男性心肺功能和运动能力影响的差异性

目的:探讨不同架势太极拳练习对老年人心肺功能和运动能力影响的差异性。方法:选取30名有2年太极拳练习经历的老年男性,随机分为低架势组和高架势组,进行12个月的太极拳练习,每天1次,每次1小时,每周练习5天,分别在12个月不同架势太极拳练习前和练习后,进行安静时的心肺功能测试和自行车递增负荷运动能力测试。结果:长期低架太极拳练习对老年男性心血管指标:射血前期/射血期比值、每搏输出量、HR×SBP、收缩压和舒张压;肺功能指标:VE、VC、FEV1/FEV和MVV;运动能力指标:Vo2max/kg、RQ、Tmax和Wmax等具有更为显著影响。结论:不同架势太极拳练习对老年男性心血管功能、肺功能及运动能力改善具有明显差异性,架势依赖性非常显著。长期低架太极拳练习对老年男性的心肌收缩力量和速度、心脏泵血效率以及血管弹性;肺通气能力和贮备能力;有氧和无氧运动能力提高以及最大运动能力的维持等具有更为有效的改善作用。

发展老龄体育产业的思考

进入 2 1世纪 ,我国迈入了老龄化人口的国家 ,老龄体育产业作为社会体育的重要组成部分 ,理应受到进一步的重视。为了进一步关注老龄体育产业的发展 ,本文分析了发展老龄体育产业的必然性和可行性 ,提出发展老龄体育产业的现实意义和历史意义 ,以及扶持老龄体育产业的优惠政策。

健身气功锻炼对老年人心境状态影响的调查研究

目的:探讨健身气功锻炼对老年人心境状态的影响。方法:选取江苏省无锡市锡山区健身气功锻炼的133名老年人作为健身气功组,南京市栖霞区、玄武区、鼓楼区18所老年公寓及社区部分老年人108名作为普通组,采用简式POMS问卷,测查健身气功锻炼对老年人心境的影响。结果:老年人参与健身气功锻炼能有效改善心境状态,且效果量受锻炼年限、锻炼频率、每次持续时间和锻炼形式影响。结论:长期有规律参与健身气功锻炼对老年人心境状态有积极影响。

太极拳干预老年人原发性高血压的气体信号分子机制

目的：探讨太极拳改善老年人原发性高血压的气体信号分子调控机制.方法：选取50名老年原发性高血压患者,随机分为高血压组、太极拳高压组,并选取25名健康老年志愿者作为对照组.其中太极拳高血压组进行12周太极拳练习,每次1h,每天1次,每周5天,分别在12周太极拳练习开始前1天和结束后次日清晨08：00～09：00,测试各组受试者SBP、DBP、NO和H2S.结果：太极拳练习能显著降低老年原发性高血压患者SBP、DBP,提高血清NO和H2S水平,且NO与SBP、DBP,H2S与SBP、DBP间均分别呈现显著负相关,NO与H2S间呈现显著正相关.结论：太极拳运动可多途径提高原发性高血压患者血清NO和H2S水平,改善原发性高血压患者的健康,提示内源性NO和H2S水平改善可能是太极拳降压效应的分子生物学机制之一.