Cherry blossoms at Qingchuan Pavilion in Wuhan,capital of central China’s Hubei Province,attract throngs of visitors on March 23.Illuminated by night lights,the cherry blossoms shone brightly,creating fantastic scene...Cherry blossoms at Qingchuan Pavilion in Wuhan,capital of central China’s Hubei Province,attract throngs of visitors on March 23.Illuminated by night lights,the cherry blossoms shone brightly,creating fantastic scenes of light and shadow with neon-clad bridges and landmark buildings along the Yangtze River.展开更多
As long as China and the EU adhere to strategic consensuses,keep in step with the times,and maintain mutual trust,they will be able to ensure the prosperity and stability of both sides.
Girls with flowers on their heads at a celebration for the traditional Ngarot festival in West Java,Indonesia,on December 13,2023.The festival is a traditional ceremony to welcome the rice planting season.
Time synchronization(TS)is crucial for ensuring the secure and reliable functioning of the distribution power Internet of Things(IoT).Multi-clock source time synchronization(MTS)has significant advantages of high reli...Time synchronization(TS)is crucial for ensuring the secure and reliable functioning of the distribution power Internet of Things(IoT).Multi-clock source time synchronization(MTS)has significant advantages of high reliability and accuracy but still faces challenges such as optimization of the multi-clock source selection and the clock source weight calculation at different timescales,and the coupling of synchronization latency jitter and pulse phase difference.In this paper,the multi-timescale MTS model is conducted,and the reinforcement learning(RL)and analytic hierarchy process(AHP)-based multi-timescale MTS algorithm is designed to improve the weighted summation of synchronization latency jitter standard deviation and average pulse phase difference.Specifically,the multi-clock source selection is optimized based on Softmax in the large timescale,and the clock source weight calculation is optimized based on lower confidence bound-assisted AHP in the small timescale.Simulation shows that the proposed algorithm can effectively reduce time synchronization delay standard deviation and average pulse phase difference.展开更多
Background:Prolonged sitting and reduced physical activity lead to low energy expenditures.However,little is known about the joint impact of daily sitting time and physical activity on body fat distribution.We investi...Background:Prolonged sitting and reduced physical activity lead to low energy expenditures.However,little is known about the joint impact of daily sitting time and physical activity on body fat distribution.We investigated the independent and joint associations of daily sitting time and physical activity with body fat among adults.Methods:This was a cross-sectional analysis of U.S.nationally representative data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey2011-2018 among adults aged 20 years or older.Daily sitting time and leisure-time physical activity(LTPA)were self-reported using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire.Body fat(total and trunk fat percentage)was determined via dual X-ray absorptiometry.Results:Among 10,808 adults,about 54.6%spent 6 h/day or more sitting;more than one-half reported no LTPA(inactive)or less than 150 min/week LTPA(insufficiently active)with only 43.3%reported 150 min/week or more LTPA(active)in the past week.After fully adjusting for sociodemographic data,lifestyle behaviors,and chronic conditions,prolonged sitting time and low levels of LTPA were associated with higher total and trunk fat percentages in both sexes.When stratifying by LTPA,the association between daily sitting time and body fat appeared to be stronger in those who were inactive/insuufficiently active.In the joint analyses,inactive/insuufficiently active adults who reported sitting more than 8 h/day had the highest total(female:3.99%(95%confidence interval(95%CI):3.09%-4.88%);male:3.79%(95%CI:2.75%-4.82%))and trunk body fat percentages(female:4.21%(95%CI:3.09%-5.32%);male:4.07%(95%CI:2.95%-5.19%))when compared with those who were active and sitting less than 4 h/day.Conclusion:Prolonged daily sitting time was associated with increased body fat among U.S.adults.The higher body fat associated with 6 h/day sitting may not be offset by achieving recommended levels of physical activity.展开更多
The interplay between noise and nonlinearites can lead to escape dynamics.Associated nonlinear phe-nomena have been observed in various applications ranging from climatology to biology and engineering.For reasons of c...The interplay between noise and nonlinearites can lead to escape dynamics.Associated nonlinear phe-nomena have been observed in various applications ranging from climatology to biology and engineering.For reasons of computational ease,in most studies,Gaussian white noise is used.However,this noise model is not physical due to the associated infinite energy content.Here,the authors present extensive experimental investigations and numerical simulations conducted to examine the impact of noise color on escape times in nonlinear oscillators.With a careful parameterization of the numerical simulations,the authors are able to make quantitative comparisons with experimental results.Through the experi-ments and simulations,it is illustrated that the noise color can drastically influence escape times and escape probability.展开更多
In the Internet of Things(IoT)system,relay communication is widely used to solve the problem of energy loss in long-distance transmission and improve transmission efficiency.In Body Sensor Network(BSN)systems,biosenso...In the Internet of Things(IoT)system,relay communication is widely used to solve the problem of energy loss in long-distance transmission and improve transmission efficiency.In Body Sensor Network(BSN)systems,biosensors communicate with receiving devices through relay nodes to improve their limited energy efficiency.When the relay node fails,the biosensor can communicate directly with the receiving device by releasing more transmitting power.However,if the remaining battery power of the biosensor is insufficient to enable it to communicate directly with the receiving device,the biosensor will be isolated by the system.Therefore,a new combinatorial analysis method is proposed to analyze the influence of random isolation time(RIT)on system reliability,and the competition relationship between biosensor isolation and propagation failure is considered.This approach inherits the advantages of common combinatorial algorithms and provides a new approach to effectively address the impact of RIT on system reliability in IoT systems,which are affected by competing failures.Finally,the method is applied to the BSN system,and the effect of RIT on the system reliability is analyzed in detail.展开更多
This study investigated the impacts of increasing model resolutions and shortening forecast lead times on the quantitative precipitation forecast(QPF)for heavy-rainfall events over south China during the rainy seasons...This study investigated the impacts of increasing model resolutions and shortening forecast lead times on the quantitative precipitation forecast(QPF)for heavy-rainfall events over south China during the rainy seasons in 2013-2020.The control experiment,where the analysis-forecast cycles run with model resolutions of about 3 km,was compared to a lower-resolution experiment with model resolutions of about 9 km,and a longer-term experiment activated 12 hours earlier.Rainfall forecasting in the presummer rainy season was significantly improved by improving model resolutions,with more improvements in cases with stronger synoptic-scale forcings.This is partially attributed to the improved initial conditions(ICs)and subsequent forecasts for low-level jets(LLJs).Forecasts of heavy rainfall induced by landfalling tropical cyclones(TCs)benefited from increasing model resolutions in the first 6 hours.Forecast improvements in rainfall due to shortening forecast lead times were more significant at earlier(1-6 h)and later(7-12 h)lead times for cases with stronger and weaker synoptic-scale forcings,respectively,due to the area-and case-dependent improvements in ICs for nonprecipitation variables.Specifically,significant improvements mainly presented over the northern South China Sea for low-level onshore wind of weak-forcing cases but over south China for LLJs of strong-forcing cases during the presummer rainy season,and over south China for all the nonprecipitation variables above the surface during the TC season.However,some disadvantages of higher-resolution and shorter-term forecasts in QPFs highlight the importance of developing ensemble forecasting with proper IC perturbations,which include the complementary advantages of lower-resolution and longer-term forecasts.展开更多
Recurrent event time data and more general multiple event time data are commonly analyzed using extensions of Cox regression, or proportional hazards regression, as used with single event time data. These methods trea...Recurrent event time data and more general multiple event time data are commonly analyzed using extensions of Cox regression, or proportional hazards regression, as used with single event time data. These methods treat covariates, either time-invariant or time-varying, as having multiplicative effects while general dependence on time is left un-estimated. An adaptive approach is formulated for analyzing multiple event time data. Conditional hazard rates are modeled in terms of dependence on both time and covariates using fractional polynomials restricted so that the conditional hazard rates are positive-valued and so that excess time probability functions (generalizing survival functions for single event times) are decreasing. Maximum likelihood is used to estimate parameters adjusting for right censored event times. Likelihood cross-validation (LCV) scores are used to compare models. Adaptive searches through alternate conditional hazard rate models are controlled by LCV scores combined with tolerance parameters. These searches identify effective models for the underlying multiple event time data. Conditional hazard regression is demonstrated using data on times between tumor recurrence for bladder cancer patients. Analyses of theory-based models for these data using extensions of Cox regression provide conflicting results on effects to treatment group and the initial number of tumors. On the other hand, fractional polynomial analyses of these theory-based models provide consistent results identifying significant effects to treatment group and initial number of tumors using both model-based and robust empirical tests. Adaptive analyses further identify distinct moderation by group of the effect of tumor order and an additive effect to group after controlling for nonlinear effects to initial number of tumors and tumor order. Results of example analyses indicate that adaptive conditional hazard rate modeling can generate useful insights into multiple event time data.展开更多
Recurrent event time data and more general multiple event time data are commonly analyzed using extensions of Cox regression, or proportional hazards regression, as used with single event time data. These methods trea...Recurrent event time data and more general multiple event time data are commonly analyzed using extensions of Cox regression, or proportional hazards regression, as used with single event time data. These methods treat covariates, either time-invariant or time-varying, as having multiplicative effects while general dependence on time is left un-estimated. An adaptive approach is formulated for analyzing multiple event time data. Conditional hazard rates are modeled in terms of dependence on both time and covariates using fractional polynomials restricted so that the conditional hazard rates are positive-valued and so that excess time probability functions (generalizing survival functions for single event times) are decreasing. Maximum likelihood is used to estimate parameters adjusting for right censored event times. Likelihood cross-validation (LCV) scores are used to compare models. Adaptive searches through alternate conditional hazard rate models are controlled by LCV scores combined with tolerance parameters. These searches identify effective models for the underlying multiple event time data. Conditional hazard regression is demonstrated using data on times between tumor recurrence for bladder cancer patients. Analyses of theory-based models for these data using extensions of Cox regression provide conflicting results on effects to treatment group and the initial number of tumors. On the other hand, fractional polynomial analyses of these theory-based models provide consistent results identifying significant effects to treatment group and initial number of tumors using both model-based and robust empirical tests. Adaptive analyses further identify distinct moderation by group of the effect of tumor order and an additive effect to group after controlling for nonlinear effects to initial number of tumors and tumor order. Results of example analyses indicate that adaptive conditional hazard rate modeling can generate useful insights into multiple event time data.展开更多
Chalcidoidea is one of the most biologically diverse groups among Hymenoptera.Members are characterized by extraordinary parasitic lifestyles and extensive host ranges,among which several species attack plants or serv...Chalcidoidea is one of the most biologically diverse groups among Hymenoptera.Members are characterized by extraordinary parasitic lifestyles and extensive host ranges,among which several species attack plants or serve as pollinators.However,higher-level chalcidoid relationships remain controversial.Here,we performed mitochondrial phylogenomic analyses for major clades(18out of 25 families)of Chalcidoidea based on 139 mitochondrial genomes.The compositional heterogeneity and conflicting backbone relationships in Chalcidoidea were assessed using various datasets and tree inferences.Our phylogenetic results supported the monophyly of 16families and polyphyly of Aphelinidae and Pteromalidae.Our preferred topology recovered the relationship(Mymaridae+(Signiphoridae+Leucospidae)+(Chalcididae+((Perilampidae+Eucharitidae)+remaining Chalcidoidea))).The monophyly of Agaonidae and Sycophaginae was rejected,while the gall-associated((Megastigmidae+Ormyridae)+(Ormocerinae+Eurytomidae))relationship was supported in most results.A six-gene inversion may be a synapomorphy for most families,whereas other derived gene orders may introduce confusion in phylogenetic signals at deeper nodes.Dating estimates suggested that Chalcidoidea arose near the Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary and that two dynamic shifts in diversification occurred during the evolution of Chalcidoidea.We hypothesized that the potential codiversification between chalcidoids and their hosts may be crucial for accelerating the diversification of Chalcidoidea.Ancestral state reconstruction analyses supported the hypothesis that gallinducers were mainly derived from parasitoids of gallinducers,while other gall-inducers were derived from phytophagous groups.Taken together,these findings advance our understanding of mitochondrial genome evolution in the major interfamilial phylogeny of Chalcidoidea.展开更多
The two-stage hybridflow shop problem under setup times is addressed in this paper.This problem is NP-Hard.on the other hand,the studied problem is modeling different real-life applications especially in manufacturing...The two-stage hybridflow shop problem under setup times is addressed in this paper.This problem is NP-Hard.on the other hand,the studied problem is modeling different real-life applications especially in manufacturing and high performance-computing.Tackling this kind of problem requires the development of adapted algorithms.In this context,a metaheuristic using the genetic algorithm and three heuristics are proposed in this paper.These approximate solutions are using the optimal solution of the parallel machines under release and delivery times.Indeed,these solutions are iterative procedures focusing each time on a particular stage where a parallel machines problem is called to be solved.The general solution is then a concatenation of all the solutions in each stage.In addition,three lower bounds based on the relaxation method are provided.These lower bounds present a means to evaluate the efficiency of the developed algorithms throughout the measurement of the relative gap.An experimental result is discussed to evaluate the performance of the developed algorithms.In total,8960 instances are implemented and tested to show the results given by the proposed lower bounds and heuristics.Several indicators are given to compare between algorithms.The results illustrated in this paper show the performance of the developed algorithms in terms of gap and running time.展开更多
The exhibition presents the life of Confucius and the essence of his thoughts through plates,accompanied by replicas of related cultural objects and cultural creative products,with the purposeof helping local people u...The exhibition presents the life of Confucius and the essence of his thoughts through plates,accompanied by replicas of related cultural objects and cultural creative products,with the purposeof helping local people understand the origin of Confucianism and presenting the modern charm of traditional culture.展开更多
Kenya has large media markets and a complex media environment.Since it was put into operation in 2013,StarTimes Kenya has taken the responsibility of tellig China's stories well,making the nation's voices hear...Kenya has large media markets and a complex media environment.Since it was put into operation in 2013,StarTimes Kenya has taken the responsibility of tellig China's stories well,making the nation's voices heard and presenting a true,multidimensional,and panoramic view of China".展开更多
Visitors experience the future Internet of Things at the World Internet Science and Technology Museum,the world’s first Internetthemed large-scale science and technology museum,on November 9 during the 2023 World Int...Visitors experience the future Internet of Things at the World Internet Science and Technology Museum,the world’s first Internetthemed large-scale science and technology museum,on November 9 during the 2023 World Internet Conference Wuzhen Summit in Wuzhen,Zhejiang Province.展开更多
On February 6,locals carry a Chinese sedan chair while performing the traditional fire-jumping dance to celebrate the Lantern Festival in Shanmei Village of Hui’an County,Quanzhou,Fujian Province.
The rise of the Chinese economy and China’s cultural confidence is driving the popularity of brands rooted in the unique Chinese culture.LITERALLY meaning a national wave or national trend,Guochao denotes a new consu...The rise of the Chinese economy and China’s cultural confidence is driving the popularity of brands rooted in the unique Chinese culture.LITERALLY meaning a national wave or national trend,Guochao denotes a new consumer trend emerging in China in recent years.With the rise of the Chinese economy,domestic brands are embracing traditional cultural elements boosted by the Chinese pride in the achievements of the nation.Traditional culture has become a unique feature of Chinese brands going abroad and even foreign brands courting the Chinese market.From clothing and daily necessities to cell phones and cars。展开更多
A villager checks drying chili peppers in Jinji Village,Dafang County,Guizhou Province,on September 13.In recent years,Dafang County has leveraged its favorable plateau climate to develop some 7,000 hectares of pepper...A villager checks drying chili peppers in Jinji Village,Dafang County,Guizhou Province,on September 13.In recent years,Dafang County has leveraged its favorable plateau climate to develop some 7,000 hectares of pepper fields,with an annual output value of more than 200 million yuan(US$27.39 million).The chili industry has become a key booster for local income increases.展开更多
文摘Cherry blossoms at Qingchuan Pavilion in Wuhan,capital of central China’s Hubei Province,attract throngs of visitors on March 23.Illuminated by night lights,the cherry blossoms shone brightly,creating fantastic scenes of light and shadow with neon-clad bridges and landmark buildings along the Yangtze River.
文摘As long as China and the EU adhere to strategic consensuses,keep in step with the times,and maintain mutual trust,they will be able to ensure the prosperity and stability of both sides.
文摘Girls with flowers on their heads at a celebration for the traditional Ngarot festival in West Java,Indonesia,on December 13,2023.The festival is a traditional ceremony to welcome the rice planting season.
基金supported by Science and Technology Project of China Southern Power Grid Company Limited under Grant Number 036000KK52200058(GDKJXM20202001).
文摘Time synchronization(TS)is crucial for ensuring the secure and reliable functioning of the distribution power Internet of Things(IoT).Multi-clock source time synchronization(MTS)has significant advantages of high reliability and accuracy but still faces challenges such as optimization of the multi-clock source selection and the clock source weight calculation at different timescales,and the coupling of synchronization latency jitter and pulse phase difference.In this paper,the multi-timescale MTS model is conducted,and the reinforcement learning(RL)and analytic hierarchy process(AHP)-based multi-timescale MTS algorithm is designed to improve the weighted summation of synchronization latency jitter standard deviation and average pulse phase difference.Specifically,the multi-clock source selection is optimized based on Softmax in the large timescale,and the clock source weight calculation is optimized based on lower confidence bound-assisted AHP in the small timescale.Simulation shows that the proposed algorithm can effectively reduce time synchronization delay standard deviation and average pulse phase difference.
文摘Background:Prolonged sitting and reduced physical activity lead to low energy expenditures.However,little is known about the joint impact of daily sitting time and physical activity on body fat distribution.We investigated the independent and joint associations of daily sitting time and physical activity with body fat among adults.Methods:This was a cross-sectional analysis of U.S.nationally representative data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey2011-2018 among adults aged 20 years or older.Daily sitting time and leisure-time physical activity(LTPA)were self-reported using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire.Body fat(total and trunk fat percentage)was determined via dual X-ray absorptiometry.Results:Among 10,808 adults,about 54.6%spent 6 h/day or more sitting;more than one-half reported no LTPA(inactive)or less than 150 min/week LTPA(insufficiently active)with only 43.3%reported 150 min/week or more LTPA(active)in the past week.After fully adjusting for sociodemographic data,lifestyle behaviors,and chronic conditions,prolonged sitting time and low levels of LTPA were associated with higher total and trunk fat percentages in both sexes.When stratifying by LTPA,the association between daily sitting time and body fat appeared to be stronger in those who were inactive/insuufficiently active.In the joint analyses,inactive/insuufficiently active adults who reported sitting more than 8 h/day had the highest total(female:3.99%(95%confidence interval(95%CI):3.09%-4.88%);male:3.79%(95%CI:2.75%-4.82%))and trunk body fat percentages(female:4.21%(95%CI:3.09%-5.32%);male:4.07%(95%CI:2.95%-5.19%))when compared with those who were active and sitting less than 4 h/day.Conclusion:Prolonged daily sitting time was associated with increased body fat among U.S.adults.The higher body fat associated with 6 h/day sitting may not be offset by achieving recommended levels of physical activity.
基金CMMI 1760366 and the as-sociated data science supplementsA preliminary report of this work has been presented and discussed at the ASME 2022 Inter-national Design Engineering Technical Conference&Computer and Information in Engineering conference(IDETC/CIE 2022)。
文摘The interplay between noise and nonlinearites can lead to escape dynamics.Associated nonlinear phe-nomena have been observed in various applications ranging from climatology to biology and engineering.For reasons of computational ease,in most studies,Gaussian white noise is used.However,this noise model is not physical due to the associated infinite energy content.Here,the authors present extensive experimental investigations and numerical simulations conducted to examine the impact of noise color on escape times in nonlinear oscillators.With a careful parameterization of the numerical simulations,the authors are able to make quantitative comparisons with experimental results.Through the experi-ments and simulations,it is illustrated that the noise color can drastically influence escape times and escape probability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(GrantNo.62172058)the Hunan ProvincialNatural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.2022JJ10052,2022JJ30624).
文摘In the Internet of Things(IoT)system,relay communication is widely used to solve the problem of energy loss in long-distance transmission and improve transmission efficiency.In Body Sensor Network(BSN)systems,biosensors communicate with receiving devices through relay nodes to improve their limited energy efficiency.When the relay node fails,the biosensor can communicate directly with the receiving device by releasing more transmitting power.However,if the remaining battery power of the biosensor is insufficient to enable it to communicate directly with the receiving device,the biosensor will be isolated by the system.Therefore,a new combinatorial analysis method is proposed to analyze the influence of random isolation time(RIT)on system reliability,and the competition relationship between biosensor isolation and propagation failure is considered.This approach inherits the advantages of common combinatorial algorithms and provides a new approach to effectively address the impact of RIT on system reliability in IoT systems,which are affected by competing failures.Finally,the method is applied to the BSN system,and the effect of RIT on the system reliability is analyzed in detail.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC1501603)National Natural Science Foundation of China(41975136,42075014)+2 种基金Startup Foundation for Introducing Talent of NUIST(2023r121)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2019A1515011118)Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Planning Project of China(202103000030)。
文摘This study investigated the impacts of increasing model resolutions and shortening forecast lead times on the quantitative precipitation forecast(QPF)for heavy-rainfall events over south China during the rainy seasons in 2013-2020.The control experiment,where the analysis-forecast cycles run with model resolutions of about 3 km,was compared to a lower-resolution experiment with model resolutions of about 9 km,and a longer-term experiment activated 12 hours earlier.Rainfall forecasting in the presummer rainy season was significantly improved by improving model resolutions,with more improvements in cases with stronger synoptic-scale forcings.This is partially attributed to the improved initial conditions(ICs)and subsequent forecasts for low-level jets(LLJs).Forecasts of heavy rainfall induced by landfalling tropical cyclones(TCs)benefited from increasing model resolutions in the first 6 hours.Forecast improvements in rainfall due to shortening forecast lead times were more significant at earlier(1-6 h)and later(7-12 h)lead times for cases with stronger and weaker synoptic-scale forcings,respectively,due to the area-and case-dependent improvements in ICs for nonprecipitation variables.Specifically,significant improvements mainly presented over the northern South China Sea for low-level onshore wind of weak-forcing cases but over south China for LLJs of strong-forcing cases during the presummer rainy season,and over south China for all the nonprecipitation variables above the surface during the TC season.However,some disadvantages of higher-resolution and shorter-term forecasts in QPFs highlight the importance of developing ensemble forecasting with proper IC perturbations,which include the complementary advantages of lower-resolution and longer-term forecasts.
文摘Recurrent event time data and more general multiple event time data are commonly analyzed using extensions of Cox regression, or proportional hazards regression, as used with single event time data. These methods treat covariates, either time-invariant or time-varying, as having multiplicative effects while general dependence on time is left un-estimated. An adaptive approach is formulated for analyzing multiple event time data. Conditional hazard rates are modeled in terms of dependence on both time and covariates using fractional polynomials restricted so that the conditional hazard rates are positive-valued and so that excess time probability functions (generalizing survival functions for single event times) are decreasing. Maximum likelihood is used to estimate parameters adjusting for right censored event times. Likelihood cross-validation (LCV) scores are used to compare models. Adaptive searches through alternate conditional hazard rate models are controlled by LCV scores combined with tolerance parameters. These searches identify effective models for the underlying multiple event time data. Conditional hazard regression is demonstrated using data on times between tumor recurrence for bladder cancer patients. Analyses of theory-based models for these data using extensions of Cox regression provide conflicting results on effects to treatment group and the initial number of tumors. On the other hand, fractional polynomial analyses of these theory-based models provide consistent results identifying significant effects to treatment group and initial number of tumors using both model-based and robust empirical tests. Adaptive analyses further identify distinct moderation by group of the effect of tumor order and an additive effect to group after controlling for nonlinear effects to initial number of tumors and tumor order. Results of example analyses indicate that adaptive conditional hazard rate modeling can generate useful insights into multiple event time data.
文摘Recurrent event time data and more general multiple event time data are commonly analyzed using extensions of Cox regression, or proportional hazards regression, as used with single event time data. These methods treat covariates, either time-invariant or time-varying, as having multiplicative effects while general dependence on time is left un-estimated. An adaptive approach is formulated for analyzing multiple event time data. Conditional hazard rates are modeled in terms of dependence on both time and covariates using fractional polynomials restricted so that the conditional hazard rates are positive-valued and so that excess time probability functions (generalizing survival functions for single event times) are decreasing. Maximum likelihood is used to estimate parameters adjusting for right censored event times. Likelihood cross-validation (LCV) scores are used to compare models. Adaptive searches through alternate conditional hazard rate models are controlled by LCV scores combined with tolerance parameters. These searches identify effective models for the underlying multiple event time data. Conditional hazard regression is demonstrated using data on times between tumor recurrence for bladder cancer patients. Analyses of theory-based models for these data using extensions of Cox regression provide conflicting results on effects to treatment group and the initial number of tumors. On the other hand, fractional polynomial analyses of these theory-based models provide consistent results identifying significant effects to treatment group and initial number of tumors using both model-based and robust empirical tests. Adaptive analyses further identify distinct moderation by group of the effect of tumor order and an additive effect to group after controlling for nonlinear effects to initial number of tumors and tumor order. Results of example analyses indicate that adaptive conditional hazard rate modeling can generate useful insights into multiple event time data.
基金supported by the Key International Joint Research Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31920103005)General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32070467)+3 种基金Provincial Key R&D Program of Zhejiang,China(2021C02045)Key Project of Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture(NT2021003)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesSpecial Research Fund for Distinguished Scholars of Zhejiang Province,China(2018R51004)。
文摘Chalcidoidea is one of the most biologically diverse groups among Hymenoptera.Members are characterized by extraordinary parasitic lifestyles and extensive host ranges,among which several species attack plants or serve as pollinators.However,higher-level chalcidoid relationships remain controversial.Here,we performed mitochondrial phylogenomic analyses for major clades(18out of 25 families)of Chalcidoidea based on 139 mitochondrial genomes.The compositional heterogeneity and conflicting backbone relationships in Chalcidoidea were assessed using various datasets and tree inferences.Our phylogenetic results supported the monophyly of 16families and polyphyly of Aphelinidae and Pteromalidae.Our preferred topology recovered the relationship(Mymaridae+(Signiphoridae+Leucospidae)+(Chalcididae+((Perilampidae+Eucharitidae)+remaining Chalcidoidea))).The monophyly of Agaonidae and Sycophaginae was rejected,while the gall-associated((Megastigmidae+Ormyridae)+(Ormocerinae+Eurytomidae))relationship was supported in most results.A six-gene inversion may be a synapomorphy for most families,whereas other derived gene orders may introduce confusion in phylogenetic signals at deeper nodes.Dating estimates suggested that Chalcidoidea arose near the Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary and that two dynamic shifts in diversification occurred during the evolution of Chalcidoidea.We hypothesized that the potential codiversification between chalcidoids and their hosts may be crucial for accelerating the diversification of Chalcidoidea.Ancestral state reconstruction analyses supported the hypothesis that gallinducers were mainly derived from parasitoids of gallinducers,while other gall-inducers were derived from phytophagous groups.Taken together,these findings advance our understanding of mitochondrial genome evolution in the major interfamilial phylogeny of Chalcidoidea.
基金The authors would like to thank the Deanship of Scientific Research at Majmaah University for supporting this work under Project Number No.1439-19.
文摘The two-stage hybridflow shop problem under setup times is addressed in this paper.This problem is NP-Hard.on the other hand,the studied problem is modeling different real-life applications especially in manufacturing and high performance-computing.Tackling this kind of problem requires the development of adapted algorithms.In this context,a metaheuristic using the genetic algorithm and three heuristics are proposed in this paper.These approximate solutions are using the optimal solution of the parallel machines under release and delivery times.Indeed,these solutions are iterative procedures focusing each time on a particular stage where a parallel machines problem is called to be solved.The general solution is then a concatenation of all the solutions in each stage.In addition,three lower bounds based on the relaxation method are provided.These lower bounds present a means to evaluate the efficiency of the developed algorithms throughout the measurement of the relative gap.An experimental result is discussed to evaluate the performance of the developed algorithms.In total,8960 instances are implemented and tested to show the results given by the proposed lower bounds and heuristics.Several indicators are given to compare between algorithms.The results illustrated in this paper show the performance of the developed algorithms in terms of gap and running time.
文摘The exhibition presents the life of Confucius and the essence of his thoughts through plates,accompanied by replicas of related cultural objects and cultural creative products,with the purposeof helping local people understand the origin of Confucianism and presenting the modern charm of traditional culture.
文摘Kenya has large media markets and a complex media environment.Since it was put into operation in 2013,StarTimes Kenya has taken the responsibility of tellig China's stories well,making the nation's voices heard and presenting a true,multidimensional,and panoramic view of China".
文摘Visitors experience the future Internet of Things at the World Internet Science and Technology Museum,the world’s first Internetthemed large-scale science and technology museum,on November 9 during the 2023 World Internet Conference Wuzhen Summit in Wuzhen,Zhejiang Province.
文摘On February 6,locals carry a Chinese sedan chair while performing the traditional fire-jumping dance to celebrate the Lantern Festival in Shanmei Village of Hui’an County,Quanzhou,Fujian Province.
文摘The rise of the Chinese economy and China’s cultural confidence is driving the popularity of brands rooted in the unique Chinese culture.LITERALLY meaning a national wave or national trend,Guochao denotes a new consumer trend emerging in China in recent years.With the rise of the Chinese economy,domestic brands are embracing traditional cultural elements boosted by the Chinese pride in the achievements of the nation.Traditional culture has become a unique feature of Chinese brands going abroad and even foreign brands courting the Chinese market.From clothing and daily necessities to cell phones and cars。
文摘A villager checks drying chili peppers in Jinji Village,Dafang County,Guizhou Province,on September 13.In recent years,Dafang County has leveraged its favorable plateau climate to develop some 7,000 hectares of pepper fields,with an annual output value of more than 200 million yuan(US$27.39 million).The chili industry has become a key booster for local income increases.