Comparative analysis of urinary schistosomiasis among primary school children and rural farmers in Obollo-Eke,Enugu State,Nigeria:Implications for control

Objective:To determine the prevalence,sex-age related intensity of urinary schistosomiasis and to compare such parameters among rural school children and rural fanners in selected communities in Obollo-Eke located in Southeast,Nigeria.Methods:A cross-sectional survey involving 1 337 school children and farmers was conducted in Obollo-Eke community between September 2006 and July 2007.Demographic data of subjects was collected using a questionnaire prepared for this purpose.Urine samples were collected and examined for haematuria and ova of Schistosoma haematobium(S.haematobium) using Medi-test Combi 9 and sedimentation technique respectively.Results:The prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis based on microscopic examination of the urine sediment for the ova of 5.haematobium was 17.5%while the prevalence of haematuria was 15.6%.Infection intensity varied from light to heavy.In general,the prevalence was higher among males(20.8%) than females(14.6%;P】0.05) and was slightly higher among primary school children(18.0%;n=762) than farmers(16.9%;n=575;P】0.05).The age-specific prevalence of schistosomiasis among the study subjects ranged from 8.3%to 21.2%in 0-5 years and 11-15 years age groups respectively.Conclusions:Haematuria and mean egg/10 mL urine (r = 0.95;P【0.01) showed that both procedures are reliable for the diagnosis of the disease and can be used to ascertain the prevalence of the disease in any community.The comparative analysis of urinary bilharziasis among primary school children and rural farmers demonstrated that the infection is moderately high in these two risk population groups at Obollo-Eke.A robust intervention strategy is clearly needed.

Ecological migration effects on the Tianchi Scenic Area in Xinjiang:from the perspective of migrant farmer families

As an important approach for relieving conflicts between ecosystems and human activities in the Tianchi Scenic Area, Xinjiang of China, an ecological migration policy was implemented, aiming to improve the regional ecological environment. The case of resettlement was closely related to the smooth implementation of the migration project. Based on the questionnaires and farmer family interviews, both changes in the ecological environment and the living conditions of migrant farmer families in the Tianchi Scenic Area were investigated in this study. The objectives were to assess the benefits of the ecological migration policy and to analyze the effects of ecological migration on migrant farmer families. The results showed that （1） awareness of the need for ecological environmental protection and the types of migrant families had a great influence on the willingness to migration; （2） since the implementation of the ecological migration project, the ecological environment in the Tianchi Scenic Area had improved significantly, particutarly in terms of returning farmland to forestry, while pressures on grassland had also been relieved to some extent; （3） the major income sources and occupations of the migrant farmer families changed, the range of their income sources declined, and their per capita incomes decreased at different degrees; and （4） nearly half of the farmer families were not satisfied with the living environment of new settlements and the decline in the quality of life had significant influences on the attitudes of migrants. In order to ensure the successful implementation of an ecological migration project, it is essential to enhance farmer awareness of needs for ecological environmental protection, and to solve resettlement problems properly.

Physical Performance of Migrant Schoolchildren with Marginal and Severe Iron Deficiency in the Suburbs of Beijing

Objectives To investigate relationship between iron deficiency of different degrees and physical performance and habitual activity of migrant schoolchildren at the age of 11-14 years. Methods Ninety one randomly selected schoolchildren were divided into three groups according to their iron status. Iron status including hemoglobin （Hb）, serum ferritin （SF）, serum iron （SI） and sTfR was determined. Physical performance tests included maximum oxygen consumption （VO2max） and maximum work time. Energy expenditure （EE） and daily physical activity were estimated by recording 24-h heart rate （HR）. Dietary intake was assessed with frequency questionnaires, and physical activity level was estimated with frequency and physical activity questionnaires. Results Severe iron deficiency （IDA） impaired the aerobic capacity and habitual physical activity. When fat-free mass （FFM） was considered, VO2max （VO2max/FFM） was significantly lower in the iron-marginal group than in the iron-adequate groups among girls （P=0.02）, but such a deference was not found among boys （P=0.28）. Aerobic activity and EE at leisure were significantly lower in the severe iron deficient group than in the marginal iron deficient and iron adequate groups. Net HR at leisure time was correlated with lib, log SF, body weight, and FFM （P〈0.05）. Conclusion The functional effect of iron deficiency on physical performance and habitual physical activity rely on the degree of current iron deficiency. Severe iron deficiency significantly impairs both aerobic capacity and habitual physical activity. Iron-marginal deficiency impairs VO2max/FFM in girls, rather than in boys.

The Policy for Education of Migrant Workers＇ Children：Situation Analysis and the Future Orientation

The education of migrant workers＇ children is not only education but also social issue. Countries and places have introduced a number of policies to address the issue in a timely manner. At first, this paper analyzes the compulsory education policy for migrant workers＇ children and off-site college entrance policy, then find that there are still many problems in the formulation and implementation of policy. In the future, the relevant departments should be through improving the social status of migrant workers, increasing efforts to support the private school children of migrant workers, increasing investment in adult education, increasing the publicity of city, such the four aspects of policy guidance to coordinate and solve the education of migrant workers＇ children.

The Practice of Elementary Education Right Protection Proposed in International Human Rights Conventions in China——From the Perspective of the Compulsory Education of Migrant Children

The right to education is a basic human right China has actively implemented the international treaties on the right of migrant children to elementary education and provided institutional support to ensure the implementation of elementary education policy In practice,however,due to factors such as regional differences and fiscal capacity,the problems of equal treatment and a balanced distribution of educational resources remain to be addressed In this regard,this paper suggests solving the problems from the perspectives of enhancing the implementation of international treaties,increasing compulsory education resources,improving the quality of education,and adjusting policies

Education for Migrant Children To Be Guaranteed

Urged by media and advocates, Beijing and many other Chinese cities have issued regulations to provide and guarantee basic education for migrant laborers’ children. The municipal govemment of Beijing has decided that beginning in September, public schools in the Chinese capital should become more open to eligible migrant children by lowering the charges, and qualified social organizations and individuals will be allowed to run schools for migrant children in migrant population communities in light of the standard of average local public schools.

流动儿童绘画作品中“家”的想象与实践:批判地理学视角

“家”是文化地理学的重要研究议题之一,以往研究多从成人的视角出发,儿童与家这一关键地方的关系尚未得到充分关注。以广州市番禺区QX村为研究案例地,通过分析165位流动儿童以“家”为主题的绘画作品,并结合参与式观察、文本分析和照片引谈的混合研究方法,从批判地理学视角讨论流动儿童对于“家”在不同尺度的想象。研究结果表明:①流动儿童绘画作品中“家”的要素由自然环境要素和人文文化要素构成,既是流动儿童生活经验的表达,也体现了其对“家”的想象与期望,“家”的物质层面与情感层面相互关联相互影响。②基于流动的生活实践,流动儿童对“家”的想象具有多尺度特征,“家”与住所、社区乃至更广泛的空间关联密切,其中社区是流动儿童与地方建立积极情感链接的重要空间;③“家远在故乡”是流动儿童的共同认知,“家”总是指向户籍所在地,体现了流动儿童日常生活空间与“家”的地方归属之间的错位。研究尝试为国内人文地理学的移民研究提供新的理论视角,为“以人为核心的新型城镇化”建设提供案例借鉴,并对城市管理者创设更有利于流动儿童融入的友好环境提供依据。

新时代乡村振兴中的小农户多元化发展——一个河西走廊生态移民村的个案考察

小农户生存与发展仍然是巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接的重中之重。河西走廊东段生态移民村富民新村的经济发展表现出农业规模化、现代化发展趋势明显,农业经营主体多元化特征鲜明,生计策略多元和小农户分化多样等特征。乡村振兴阶段性成效则突出表现在产业兴旺带动乡村集体经济发展壮大、农民可支配收入增加以及美丽乡村和幸福家园建设等方面。因此,优化生产要素结构、解决土地流转和劳动力流失问题、按照“纵向一体化”的方式推进农业生产全程社会化服务及重视地方知识激活乡村社会文化资源,是进一步推动小农户发展的关键策略。

流动儿童社会排斥、自尊、亲子依恋与抑郁的关系:一项追踪研究

目的:为探讨流动儿童社会排斥、自尊、亲子依恋与抑郁的动态关系。方法:以班级为单位对385名流动儿童进行为期一年的纵向追踪调查。采用协方差结构方程模型对前、后两次4个研究变量间的动态关系进行检验。结果:控制年龄和性别作用后显示:①流动儿童前测社会排斥可以预测其后测抑郁水平(β=0.12,P<0.01);②流动儿童前测自尊在社会排斥对抑郁的即时和延时预测中均起部分中介作用,中介效应值分别是0.11和0.03;③流动儿童前测亲子依恋在其前测社会排斥影响后测抑郁的中介路径前半段中起延时调节作用,调节效应值为-0.12。结论:①社会排斥可以预测流动儿童的抑郁水平;②自尊在社会排斥和流动儿童抑郁中起即时和延时中介作用;③亲子依恋能够延时调节流动儿童社会排斥与自尊的关系。

互联网嵌入、资源获取与新农人创业成长绩效

将互联网思维纳入互联网嵌入变量,依据江西、河南和安徽512户新农人调查数据,运用内生转换回归(ESR)模型考察了互联网嵌入对新农人创业成长绩效的影响效应,并采用中介效应模型实证检验了资源获取在二者之间的传导机制。研究发现:互联网嵌入显著提升了新农人创业成长绩效,同时扩大了新农人创业成长绩效的差距;相对于返乡创业农民工和本土农业创业者,互联网嵌入对返乡创业大学生和跨界创业者创业成长绩效的促进作用更大,相对于非新型经营主体,互联网嵌入对新型经营主体新农人创业成长绩效的促进作用更大。机制结果分析显示:互联网嵌入有利于提升新农人的人力资源、社会资源、财务资源、政策资源,进而提高其创业成长绩效。因此,要进一步提高新农人互联网嵌入水平,提升其互联网的资源获取能力,增强互联网嵌入对创业成长绩效的作用,同时采取差异化支持政策,加强对弱势新农人支持力度,促进新农人创业成长。

惠农义务教育政策执行中的“空转”现象与矫治——城镇化进程视野下的分析

作为推进城乡教育公平的关键,惠农义务教育政策已经实施多年,但城镇化的快速发展引致流动随迁子女和留守儿童现象并存。原有的惠农义务教育政策陷入了执行中的“空转”困境,具体表现在:一些施惠措施的目标精准性和时代适应性不足、城市学校义务教育资源难以均衡惠及流动人口、留守儿童义务教育质弱量缺的困局尚未扭转。基于政策执行过程分析框架,从政策执行的视角发现:公共服务消极供给、顶层设计不足、流入地财政压力过大、农民工参与空间与能力有限是造成惠农义务教育政策“空转”现象的主要原因。基于城镇化进程提出四个矫治路径,即:推进更高质量的城镇化、让农民有更多机会进入公共决策体系、建立完善的经费保障机制和消除社会歧视,以期提高惠农义务教育政策执行的有效性。

新生代农民工举家迁移对教育支出的影响研究

基于中国家庭追踪调查数据和实地调研发现:存在子女随迁现象的新生代农民工家庭均为举家迁移。举家迁移显著增加家庭教育支出,随迁子女数与家庭教育支出显著正相关。家中既有男孩又有女孩的举家迁移家庭教育支出显著增加,家中只有男孩的家庭教育支出显著高于家中只有女孩的家庭。相比中部和东部,西部新生代农民工举家迁移显著增加家庭教育支出。建议积极落实“两为主”“两纳入”“两统一”“同城化”等随迁子女教育政策,切实减轻农民工家庭教育负担;统筹义务教育资源均衡配置,努力缩小教育区域化差异;完善户籍制度和流动人口服务体系,衔接城乡有关社会保障与福利政策,促进农民工随迁家庭整体市民化。

体育参与促进流动儿童社会融入的作用机制与实施路径

运用文献资料、逻辑分析等方法,厘清体育参与促进流动儿童社会融入的作用机制、困境,并提出实施路径。作用机制:学校体育参与消解城市空间隔离,课外体育锻炼编织社会关系网络,运动具身实践构建社会身份认同。困境:体育基础保障体系不全,学校体育资源配置失衡,家庭体育文化资本参差,社区体育支持网络滞后。实施路径:健全体育基础保障体系,推动健康发展;优化学校体育教育资源,提高体育参与程度;增强家庭体育文化资本,促进多维身份认同;发挥社区体育支持功能,丰富社会交往网络。

返乡创业质量与农民共同富裕

本文在高质量发展和共同富裕目标背景下,基于2019年和2022年返乡创业企业调查数据,实证检验了返乡创业质量对农民收入的影响及作用机制,进而回答返乡创业高质量发展对实现农民共同富裕的影响。研究发现,返乡创业质量显著提高了农民收入,返乡创业质量每提高1个标准差,农民收入增加1.111%。调节效应表明,营商环境强化了返乡创业质量对农民增收的影响,且这一效应在第三产业和中部、西部地区更强。进一步研究发现,返乡创业质量显著促进了低收入群体增收,并提高其进入中高收入群体的概率,缩小了农民内部收入差距和城乡收入差距。本文结论为全面认识返乡创业行为的影响效应提供新证据,对促进企业高质量发展和实现农民共同富裕具有政策启示。

城市义务教育入学门槛与流动人口子女随迁决策——人口流动新形势下的教育资源空间配置优化

在流动人口向城市群集聚的新形势下,城市群承担着创新公共服务均等化提供机制的重要责任。以长三角城市群为样本,基于政策文本研究各城市针对流动人口随迁子女设置的义务教育入学门槛,并定量分析其对流动人口子女随迁决策的影响。研究发现,各城市以材料准入制和积分入学制两种模式设置入学门槛,其高低并没有呈现从核心城市(上海)到中心城市(南京、杭州等)再到其他城市递减的趋势。义务教育入学门槛与子女随迁之间具有显著的负相关关系,高入学门槛城市比低入学门槛城市的流动人口子女随迁几率低55%,且这种关系在低收入流动人口群体中更加明显。为了构建人口流动新形势下的共享型教育体系,应当优化教育资源的空间配置:在理念上探索城市群教育资源统筹配置的思路,在制度上创新突破行政区划的教育公共服务提供机制,在技术上完善以常住人口为基础的义务教育资源规划布局。

流动儿童免疫规划管理在儿童疫苗接种中的应用效果分析

目的:分析流动儿童免疫规划管理在儿童疫苗接种中的应用效果。方法:选取2021年3月—2022年3月滨州市疾病预防控制中心登记的流动儿童1 000例作为研究对象,随机分为研究组和对照组,各500例。对照组实施常规管理,研究组在对照组基础上实施流动儿童免疫规划管理。比较两组家长疫苗接种知识掌握情况、儿童按时接种情况、接种依从性、接种满意度。结果:研究组家长疫苗接种知识总掌握率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。研究组按时接种率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。研究组接种依从性高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。研究组家长接种总满意度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论:流动儿童免疫规划管理在儿童疫苗接种中的应用价值较高,能够提高家长疫苗接种知识掌握率、接种依从性及接种满意度。

教育戏剧影响中班流动幼儿社会情感能力的实证研究

流动儿童作为社会弱势群体,往往面临情感忽视、校园霸凌等风险。探讨和支持流动儿童社会情感能力发展具有重要意义。本研究采用多组前后测设计,辅以个案观察、访谈、教学日志等定性数据,选取某市城中村一所民办普惠幼儿园各27名中班幼儿分别作为实验组和对照组,针对实验组开展连续12周共24次教育戏剧活动。结果发现:在共情与亲社会行为方面,两组前测差异不显著,干预后实验组幼儿共情与亲社会行为得分显著高于对照组;在认知控制、情绪表达和情绪调节方面,两组前测差异不显著,干预后实验组虽得分优于对照组但差异不显著。这说明,教育戏剧能促进中班流动幼儿社会情感能力发展,其中对共情和亲社会行为的发展能起到有效的促进作用。教育戏剧能为指导流动幼儿社会情感能力发展提供有益参考,幼儿园应以教育戏剧为契机形成适宜的园所课程并持续开展,教师可将戏剧范式应用到一日生活和其他教育活动中解决流动幼儿社会交往的实际问题,将幼儿的戏剧体验转化为个人能力。同时,注重家园社协同育人,共同关注流动儿童社会情感能力的发展。

国内流动儿童研究概况、热点与趋势——基于热点可视化的探析

伴随着人口迁移由个体迁移向家庭迁移的转变,流动儿童问题逐渐受到学者的关注。利用CiteSpace可视化软件分析2001—2022年我国流动儿童研究的相关文献,探究流动儿童研究概况、热点以及发展趋势。结果显示:国内流动儿童研究经历了萌芽期、快速增长期、多元发展期三个发展阶段,发文量变化与同期国家流动儿童相关政策的出台动态保持一致,目前流动儿童研究内容逐渐深入,研究角度呈现多样化;流动儿童研究机构与作者多处于独立研究状态,主要集中在教育学与心理学领域,目前机构合作以相同机构间的内部合作、不同机构之间的合作为主;研究热点与政策结合度较高,以教育、预防接种、社会支持和融入为方向;社会工作、影响因素、社会融入、子女随迁将是流动儿童研究的趋势。流动儿童领域未来研究可以社会生态系统为视角,构建流动儿童的社会支持体系,在微观层面加强教养、教育和交往支持,在中观层面发挥学校、社区和社工站的积极作用,在宏观层面完善以发展为导向的教育政策。