Comparative analysis of urinary schistosomiasis among primary school children and rural farmers in Obollo-Eke,Enugu State,Nigeria:Implications for control

Objective:To determine the prevalence,sex-age related intensity of urinary schistosomiasis and to compare such parameters among rural school children and rural fanners in selected communities in Obollo-Eke located in Southeast,Nigeria.Methods:A cross-sectional survey involving 1 337 school children and farmers was conducted in Obollo-Eke community between September 2006 and July 2007.Demographic data of subjects was collected using a questionnaire prepared for this purpose.Urine samples were collected and examined for haematuria and ova of Schistosoma haematobium(S.haematobium) using Medi-test Combi 9 and sedimentation technique respectively.Results:The prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis based on microscopic examination of the urine sediment for the ova of 5.haematobium was 17.5%while the prevalence of haematuria was 15.6%.Infection intensity varied from light to heavy.In general,the prevalence was higher among males(20.8%) than females(14.6%;P】0.05) and was slightly higher among primary school children(18.0%;n=762) than farmers(16.9%;n=575;P】0.05).The age-specific prevalence of schistosomiasis among the study subjects ranged from 8.3%to 21.2%in 0-5 years and 11-15 years age groups respectively.Conclusions:Haematuria and mean egg/10 mL urine (r = 0.95;P【0.01) showed that both procedures are reliable for the diagnosis of the disease and can be used to ascertain the prevalence of the disease in any community.The comparative analysis of urinary bilharziasis among primary school children and rural farmers demonstrated that the infection is moderately high in these two risk population groups at Obollo-Eke.A robust intervention strategy is clearly needed.

Ecological migration effects on the Tianchi Scenic Area in Xinjiang:from the perspective of migrant farmer families

As an important approach for relieving conflicts between ecosystems and human activities in the Tianchi Scenic Area, Xinjiang of China, an ecological migration policy was implemented, aiming to improve the regional ecological environment. The case of resettlement was closely related to the smooth implementation of the migration project. Based on the questionnaires and farmer family interviews, both changes in the ecological environment and the living conditions of migrant farmer families in the Tianchi Scenic Area were investigated in this study. The objectives were to assess the benefits of the ecological migration policy and to analyze the effects of ecological migration on migrant farmer families. The results showed that （1） awareness of the need for ecological environmental protection and the types of migrant families had a great influence on the willingness to migration; （2） since the implementation of the ecological migration project, the ecological environment in the Tianchi Scenic Area had improved significantly, particutarly in terms of returning farmland to forestry, while pressures on grassland had also been relieved to some extent; （3） the major income sources and occupations of the migrant farmer families changed, the range of their income sources declined, and their per capita incomes decreased at different degrees; and （4） nearly half of the farmer families were not satisfied with the living environment of new settlements and the decline in the quality of life had significant influences on the attitudes of migrants. In order to ensure the successful implementation of an ecological migration project, it is essential to enhance farmer awareness of needs for ecological environmental protection, and to solve resettlement problems properly.

Physical Performance of Migrant Schoolchildren with Marginal and Severe Iron Deficiency in the Suburbs of Beijing

Objectives To investigate relationship between iron deficiency of different degrees and physical performance and habitual activity of migrant schoolchildren at the age of 11-14 years. Methods Ninety one randomly selected schoolchildren were divided into three groups according to their iron status. Iron status including hemoglobin （Hb）, serum ferritin （SF）, serum iron （SI） and sTfR was determined. Physical performance tests included maximum oxygen consumption （VO2max） and maximum work time. Energy expenditure （EE） and daily physical activity were estimated by recording 24-h heart rate （HR）. Dietary intake was assessed with frequency questionnaires, and physical activity level was estimated with frequency and physical activity questionnaires. Results Severe iron deficiency （IDA） impaired the aerobic capacity and habitual physical activity. When fat-free mass （FFM） was considered, VO2max （VO2max/FFM） was significantly lower in the iron-marginal group than in the iron-adequate groups among girls （P=0.02）, but such a deference was not found among boys （P=0.28）. Aerobic activity and EE at leisure were significantly lower in the severe iron deficient group than in the marginal iron deficient and iron adequate groups. Net HR at leisure time was correlated with lib, log SF, body weight, and FFM （P〈0.05）. Conclusion The functional effect of iron deficiency on physical performance and habitual physical activity rely on the degree of current iron deficiency. Severe iron deficiency significantly impairs both aerobic capacity and habitual physical activity. Iron-marginal deficiency impairs VO2max/FFM in girls, rather than in boys.

The Policy for Education of Migrant Workers＇ Children：Situation Analysis and the Future Orientation

The education of migrant workers＇ children is not only education but also social issue. Countries and places have introduced a number of policies to address the issue in a timely manner. At first, this paper analyzes the compulsory education policy for migrant workers＇ children and off-site college entrance policy, then find that there are still many problems in the formulation and implementation of policy. In the future, the relevant departments should be through improving the social status of migrant workers, increasing efforts to support the private school children of migrant workers, increasing investment in adult education, increasing the publicity of city, such the four aspects of policy guidance to coordinate and solve the education of migrant workers＇ children.

The Practice of Elementary Education Right Protection Proposed in International Human Rights Conventions in China——From the Perspective of the Compulsory Education of Migrant Children

The right to education is a basic human right China has actively implemented the international treaties on the right of migrant children to elementary education and provided institutional support to ensure the implementation of elementary education policy In practice,however,due to factors such as regional differences and fiscal capacity,the problems of equal treatment and a balanced distribution of educational resources remain to be addressed In this regard,this paper suggests solving the problems from the perspectives of enhancing the implementation of international treaties,increasing compulsory education resources,improving the quality of education,and adjusting policies

Education for Migrant Children To Be Guaranteed

Urged by media and advocates, Beijing and many other Chinese cities have issued regulations to provide and guarantee basic education for migrant laborers’ children. The municipal govemment of Beijing has decided that beginning in September, public schools in the Chinese capital should become more open to eligible migrant children by lowering the charges, and qualified social organizations and individuals will be allowed to run schools for migrant children in migrant population communities in light of the standard of average local public schools.

互联网嵌入、资源获取与新农人创业成长绩效

将互联网思维纳入互联网嵌入变量,依据江西、河南和安徽512户新农人调查数据,运用内生转换回归(ESR)模型考察了互联网嵌入对新农人创业成长绩效的影响效应,并采用中介效应模型实证检验了资源获取在二者之间的传导机制。研究发现:互联网嵌入显著提升了新农人创业成长绩效,同时扩大了新农人创业成长绩效的差距;相对于返乡创业农民工和本土农业创业者,互联网嵌入对返乡创业大学生和跨界创业者创业成长绩效的促进作用更大,相对于非新型经营主体,互联网嵌入对新型经营主体新农人创业成长绩效的促进作用更大。机制结果分析显示:互联网嵌入有利于提升新农人的人力资源、社会资源、财务资源、政策资源,进而提高其创业成长绩效。因此,要进一步提高新农人互联网嵌入水平,提升其互联网的资源获取能力,增强互联网嵌入对创业成长绩效的作用,同时采取差异化支持政策,加强对弱势新农人支持力度,促进新农人创业成长。

流动儿童社会排斥、自尊、亲子依恋与抑郁的关系:一项追踪研究

目的:为探讨流动儿童社会排斥、自尊、亲子依恋与抑郁的动态关系。方法:以班级为单位对385名流动儿童进行为期一年的纵向追踪调查。采用协方差结构方程模型对前、后两次4个研究变量间的动态关系进行检验。结果:控制年龄和性别作用后显示:①流动儿童前测社会排斥可以预测其后测抑郁水平(β=0.12,P<0.01);②流动儿童前测自尊在社会排斥对抑郁的即时和延时预测中均起部分中介作用,中介效应值分别是0.11和0.03;③流动儿童前测亲子依恋在其前测社会排斥影响后测抑郁的中介路径前半段中起延时调节作用,调节效应值为-0.12。结论:①社会排斥可以预测流动儿童的抑郁水平;②自尊在社会排斥和流动儿童抑郁中起即时和延时中介作用;③亲子依恋能够延时调节流动儿童社会排斥与自尊的关系。

流动儿童绘画作品中“家”的想象与实践:批判地理学视角

“家”是文化地理学的重要研究议题之一,以往研究多从成人的视角出发,儿童与家这一关键地方的关系尚未得到充分关注。以广州市番禺区QX村为研究案例地,通过分析165位流动儿童以“家”为主题的绘画作品,并结合参与式观察、文本分析和照片引谈的混合研究方法,从批判地理学视角讨论流动儿童对于“家”在不同尺度的想象。研究结果表明:①流动儿童绘画作品中“家”的要素由自然环境要素和人文文化要素构成,既是流动儿童生活经验的表达,也体现了其对“家”的想象与期望,“家”的物质层面与情感层面相互关联相互影响。②基于流动的生活实践,流动儿童对“家”的想象具有多尺度特征,“家”与住所、社区乃至更广泛的空间关联密切,其中社区是流动儿童与地方建立积极情感链接的重要空间;③“家远在故乡”是流动儿童的共同认知,“家”总是指向户籍所在地,体现了流动儿童日常生活空间与“家”的地方归属之间的错位。研究尝试为国内人文地理学的移民研究提供新的理论视角,为“以人为核心的新型城镇化”建设提供案例借鉴,并对城市管理者创设更有利于流动儿童融入的友好环境提供依据。

成为受惠者:学校感恩教育话语建构与农民工随迁子女的感恩体验

运用福柯关于话语与权力互构的理论,将感恩教育置于具体的学校情境中加以检视,分析城市公办学校如何为农民工随迁子女建构感恩教育话语,以及这些教育话语又产生了什么样的后果。研究发现,学校感恩教育话语将落实“两为主”政策,随迁子女进入城市公办学校就读建构为学校和教师“施惠”、随迁子女“受惠”的过程;然而,这一感恩教育并不能回应随迁子女的感恩诉求,忽视了他们自主选择道德角色和道德责任的权利,其结果是延续了城市主流社会在教育资源分配格局和社会阶层关系中的优势地位。本研究揭示了教育场域社会再生产的微观机制。

新时代乡村振兴中的小农户多元化发展——一个河西走廊生态移民村的个案考察

小农户生存与发展仍然是巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接的重中之重。河西走廊东段生态移民村富民新村的经济发展表现出农业规模化、现代化发展趋势明显,农业经营主体多元化特征鲜明,生计策略多元和小农户分化多样等特征。乡村振兴阶段性成效则突出表现在产业兴旺带动乡村集体经济发展壮大、农民可支配收入增加以及美丽乡村和幸福家园建设等方面。因此,优化生产要素结构、解决土地流转和劳动力流失问题、按照“纵向一体化”的方式推进农业生产全程社会化服务及重视地方知识激活乡村社会文化资源,是进一步推动小农户发展的关键策略。

惠农义务教育政策执行中的“空转”现象与矫治——城镇化进程视野下的分析

作为推进城乡教育公平的关键,惠农义务教育政策已经实施多年,但城镇化的快速发展引致流动随迁子女和留守儿童现象并存。原有的惠农义务教育政策陷入了执行中的“空转”困境,具体表现在:一些施惠措施的目标精准性和时代适应性不足、城市学校义务教育资源难以均衡惠及流动人口、留守儿童义务教育质弱量缺的困局尚未扭转。基于政策执行过程分析框架,从政策执行的视角发现:公共服务消极供给、顶层设计不足、流入地财政压力过大、农民工参与空间与能力有限是造成惠农义务教育政策“空转”现象的主要原因。基于城镇化进程提出四个矫治路径,即:推进更高质量的城镇化、让农民有更多机会进入公共决策体系、建立完善的经费保障机制和消除社会歧视,以期提高惠农义务教育政策执行的有效性。

流动儿童社会保护政策的保护困境与未来进路

当前,中国流动儿童社会保护政策面临着难以形成全国统一的政策,难以应对不断出现的社会保护问题,以及政策难以落实的困境。这需要在政策制定方式上从传统的以解决问题为目标的“问题导向”,转向以保障权利为目标的“权利导向”。流动儿童权利实现障碍的根源,在于其基本生态系统因流动而发生负面转向,立足流动儿童权利的保护优化社会保护政策,就是重构其基本生态系统以保障权利的实现。而这实质上是将对流动儿童的社会保护政策从原有的面向保护对象领域拓展至保护主体领域,由此实现流动儿童社会保护政策的制定从问题导向转向权利导向,切实保障流动儿童权利的实现。

体育参与促进流动儿童社会融入的作用机制与实施路径

运用文献资料、逻辑分析等方法,厘清体育参与促进流动儿童社会融入的作用机制、困境,并提出实施路径。作用机制:学校体育参与消解城市空间隔离,课外体育锻炼编织社会关系网络,运动具身实践构建社会身份认同。困境:体育基础保障体系不全,学校体育资源配置失衡,家庭体育文化资本参差,社区体育支持网络滞后。实施路径:健全体育基础保障体系,推动健康发展;优化学校体育教育资源,提高体育参与程度;增强家庭体育文化资本,促进多维身份认同;发挥社区体育支持功能,丰富社会交往网络。

新生代农民工举家迁移对教育支出的影响研究

基于中国家庭追踪调查数据和实地调研发现:存在子女随迁现象的新生代农民工家庭均为举家迁移。举家迁移显著增加家庭教育支出,随迁子女数与家庭教育支出显著正相关。家中既有男孩又有女孩的举家迁移家庭教育支出显著增加,家中只有男孩的家庭教育支出显著高于家中只有女孩的家庭。相比中部和东部,西部新生代农民工举家迁移显著增加家庭教育支出。建议积极落实“两为主”“两纳入”“两统一”“同城化”等随迁子女教育政策,切实减轻农民工家庭教育负担;统筹义务教育资源均衡配置,努力缩小教育区域化差异;完善户籍制度和流动人口服务体系,衔接城乡有关社会保障与福利政策,促进农民工随迁家庭整体市民化。

美国流动儿童家庭教育指导服务体系构建:历程、特征与挑战

流动儿童家庭教育指导服务体系的构建是提升家庭教育质量、实现社会公平的必然要求。美国流动儿童家庭教育指导服务体系的构建历经起步阶段政府介入服务到发展阶段形成流动儿童家庭教育指导服务框架,再到全面完善阶段构建流动儿童家庭教育指导服务体系的三个历史阶段,呈现出服务理念从机会公平走向结果公平、服务对象从单一主体转为家庭整体训练、服务主体从各司其职趋向多方协同共治、服务手段从信息共享转为精准技术治理的显著特征。美国流动儿童家庭教育指导服务体系的发展已趋于成熟,但仍存在贫困与就业困难阻碍流动儿童家庭教育指导服务效果、移民增多与地方竞争增加财政压力以及信息和政策壁垒制约流动儿童家庭教育指导服务获得等挑战。

外来务工人员子女社会支持对学业情绪的影响:自我概念的中介作用

为了解自我概念对外来务工人员子女学业情绪的影响,并探讨社会支持在其中所起到的作用,采用社会支持评定量表、田纳西自我概念量表以及学业情绪评定量表,在河南省鹤壁、新郑、新乡等地对385名外来务工人员子女进行调查。在问卷处理时,删除废卷25份,最终有效问卷360份。研究结果显示:(1)外来务工人员子女学业情绪的积极低唤醒和消极高唤醒维度在不同性别方面存在显著性差异(t=3.026,P<0.05;t=1.974,P<0.05),不同外来务工人员子女的客观社会支持维度在不同年级方面存在显著性差异(F=8.096,P<0.01);(2)外来务工人员子女的社会支持与自我概念(r=0.655,P<0.01)及学业情绪(r=0.165,P<0.01)间呈现正相关,自我概念与学业情绪之间呈现正相关(r=0.257,P<0.01);(3)自我概念在外来务工人员子女的社会支持和学业情绪关系中起完全中介作用,直接效应为-0.278,95%的可置信区间为(0.919,-0.567)。结论:外来务工人员子女的社会支持对其学业情绪具有正向预测作用,且全部影响可能是通过其自我概念来实现的。

返乡创业质量与农民共同富裕

本文在高质量发展和共同富裕目标背景下,基于2019年和2022年返乡创业企业调查数据,实证检验了返乡创业质量对农民收入的影响及作用机制,进而回答返乡创业高质量发展对实现农民共同富裕的影响。研究发现,返乡创业质量显著提高了农民收入,返乡创业质量每提高1个标准差,农民收入增加1.111%。调节效应表明,营商环境强化了返乡创业质量对农民增收的影响,且这一效应在第三产业和中部、西部地区更强。进一步研究发现,返乡创业质量显著促进了低收入群体增收,并提高其进入中高收入群体的概率,缩小了农民内部收入差距和城乡收入差距。本文结论为全面认识返乡创业行为的影响效应提供新证据,对促进企业高质量发展和实现农民共同富裕具有政策启示。