AIM:To investigate the association of macrophage migration inhibitory factor(MIF)promoter polymorphisms with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)risk.METHODS:One thousand and six New Zealand Caucasian cases and 540 Caucasi...AIM:To investigate the association of macrophage migration inhibitory factor(MIF)promoter polymorphisms with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)risk.METHODS:One thousand and six New Zealand Caucasian cases and 540 Caucasian controls were genotyped for the MIF SNP-173G>C(rs755622)and the repeat polymorphism CATT5-8(rs5844572)using a predesigned TaqMan SNP assay and capillary electrophoresis,respectively.Data were analysed for single site and haplotype association with IBD risk and phenotype.Meta-analysis was employed,to assess cumulative evidence of association of MIF-173G>C with IBD.All published genotype data for MIF-173G>C in IBD were identified using PubMed and subsequently searching the references of all PubMed-identified studies.Imputed genotypes for MIF-173G>C were generated from the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium(and National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases).Separate meta-analyses were performed on Caucasian Crohn’s disease(CD)(3863 patients,6031controls),Caucasian ulcerative colitis(UC)(1260 patients,1987 controls),and East Asian UC(416 patients and 789 controls)datasets using the Mantel-Haenszel method.The New Zealand dataset had 93%power,and the meta-analyses had 100%power to detect an effect size of OR=1.40 atα=0.05,respectively.RESULTS:In our New Zealand dataset,single-site analysis found no evidence of association of MIF polymorphisms with overall risk of CD,UC,and IBD or disease phenotype(all P values>0.05).Haplotype analysis found the CATT5/-173C haplotype occurred at a higher frequency in New Zealand controls compared to IBD patients(0.6 vs 0.01;P=0.03,OR=0.22;95%CI:0.05-0.99),but this association did not survive bonferroni correction.Meta-analysis of our New Zealand MIF-173G>C data with data from seven additional Caucasian datasets using a random effects model found no association of MIF polymorphisms with CD,UC,or overall IBD.Similarly,meta-analysis of all published MIF-173G>C data from East Asian datasets(416UC patients,789 controls)found no association of this promoter polymorphism with UC.展开更多
Gabbro is selected as a sample for experimental deformation to investigate and validate the migration of elements during rock deformation. Samples are deformed for 3 h under a strain of about 5 % at T =700 ℃, ...Gabbro is selected as a sample for experimental deformation to investigate and validate the migration of elements during rock deformation. Samples are deformed for 3 h under a strain of about 5 % at T =700 ℃, p =100 MPa, σ =50 MPa. It is shown that there are 4 areas with different colors in the section of the samples parallel to σ 1: the extensional, contractional, and strongly compressional areas and a ductile shear zone, respectively on the basis of the stress states and the direction of material movement. The chemical components such as K, Na, Al and Fe from materials in different areas have changed. The four elements mentioned above in pyroxene grains decrease in content from the extensional area through the ductile shear zone, the contractional area, to the strongly compressional area. The contents of the same elements in feldspar grain vary in a reverse direction.展开更多
This article explores the evolution of cloud computing, its advantages over traditional on-premises infrastructure, and its impact on information security. The study presents a comprehensive literature review covering...This article explores the evolution of cloud computing, its advantages over traditional on-premises infrastructure, and its impact on information security. The study presents a comprehensive literature review covering various cloud infrastructure offerings and security models. Additionally, it deeply analyzes real-life case studies illustrating successful cloud migrations and highlights common information security threats in current cloud computing. The article concludes by offering recommendations to businesses to protect themselves from cloud data breaches and providing insights into selecting a suitable cloud services provider from an information security perspective.展开更多
The significance of source rocks for oil and gas accumulation has been indisputably acknowledged.Moreover,it has been gradually realized that there is difference between hydrocarbon generation capacity and hydrocarbon...The significance of source rocks for oil and gas accumulation has been indisputably acknowledged.Moreover,it has been gradually realized that there is difference between hydrocarbon generation capacity and hydrocarbon expulsion capacity,and this has prompted research on hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency.However,these studies dominantly highlight the results of hydrocarbon expulsion,and investigation into the corresponding process and mechanism is primarily from a macroscopic perspective.Despite its wide acceptance as the most direct hydrocarbon expulsion mode,hydrocarbon expulsion through micro-fractures is still not sufficiently understood.Therefore,this study obtains observations and performs experiments on two types of source rocks(mudstones and shales)of the Chang 7 oil group of the Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin,China.Microscopy reveals that organic matter is non-uniformly distributed in both types of source rocks.Specifically,mudstones are characterized by a cluster-like organic matter distribution,whereas shales are characterized by a layered organic matter distribution.Thermal evolution simulation experiments demonstrate that the hydrocarbon generation process is accompanied by the emergence of micro-fractures,which are favorable for hydrocarbon expulsion.Moreover,based on the theories of rock physics and fracture mechanics,this study establishes micro-fracture development models for both types of source rocks,associated with the calculation of the fracture pressure that is needed for the initiation of fracture development.Furthermore,the relationship between the fluid pressure,fracture pressure,and micro-fracture expansion length during micro-fracture development is quantitatively explored,which helps identify the micro-fracture expansion length.The results indicate that the development of micro-fractures is commonly impacted by the morphology and distribution pattern of the organic matter as well as the mechanical properties of the source rocks.The micro-fractures in turn further affect the hydrocarbon expulsion capacity of the source rocks.The results of this study are expected to provide theoretical and practical guidance for the exploration and exploitation of tight oil and shale oil.展开更多
QUARTZ is present mainly as the species H<sub>4</sub>SiO<sub>4</sub> in fluid. The currently accepted values for quartz solubility at low temperatures are low. At 300℃, quartz solubility is ab...QUARTZ is present mainly as the species H<sub>4</sub>SiO<sub>4</sub> in fluid. The currently accepted values for quartz solubility at low temperatures are low. At 300℃, quartz solubility is about 600×10<sup>-6</sup> in the quartz-fluid system. Therefore, the migration of quartz should not be evident at low temperatures. However, thepresent note shows that quartz can be enriched and migrate significantly at 300℃. The solid/fluid ratio（S/F） of the experiments is only about 10 g/mL.展开更多
基金Supported by The Health Research Council of New ZealandScholarships from the Canterbury Gastroenterology Research Trust,New Zealand Society of Gastroenterology Ferring Scholarship,the Bowel and Liver Trust Canterbury and from the University of Otago to Falvey JD
文摘AIM:To investigate the association of macrophage migration inhibitory factor(MIF)promoter polymorphisms with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)risk.METHODS:One thousand and six New Zealand Caucasian cases and 540 Caucasian controls were genotyped for the MIF SNP-173G>C(rs755622)and the repeat polymorphism CATT5-8(rs5844572)using a predesigned TaqMan SNP assay and capillary electrophoresis,respectively.Data were analysed for single site and haplotype association with IBD risk and phenotype.Meta-analysis was employed,to assess cumulative evidence of association of MIF-173G>C with IBD.All published genotype data for MIF-173G>C in IBD were identified using PubMed and subsequently searching the references of all PubMed-identified studies.Imputed genotypes for MIF-173G>C were generated from the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium(and National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases).Separate meta-analyses were performed on Caucasian Crohn’s disease(CD)(3863 patients,6031controls),Caucasian ulcerative colitis(UC)(1260 patients,1987 controls),and East Asian UC(416 patients and 789 controls)datasets using the Mantel-Haenszel method.The New Zealand dataset had 93%power,and the meta-analyses had 100%power to detect an effect size of OR=1.40 atα=0.05,respectively.RESULTS:In our New Zealand dataset,single-site analysis found no evidence of association of MIF polymorphisms with overall risk of CD,UC,and IBD or disease phenotype(all P values>0.05).Haplotype analysis found the CATT5/-173C haplotype occurred at a higher frequency in New Zealand controls compared to IBD patients(0.6 vs 0.01;P=0.03,OR=0.22;95%CI:0.05-0.99),but this association did not survive bonferroni correction.Meta-analysis of our New Zealand MIF-173G>C data with data from seven additional Caucasian datasets using a random effects model found no association of MIF polymorphisms with CD,UC,or overall IBD.Similarly,meta-analysis of all published MIF-173G>C data from East Asian datasets(416UC patients,789 controls)found no association of this promoter polymorphism with UC.
文摘Gabbro is selected as a sample for experimental deformation to investigate and validate the migration of elements during rock deformation. Samples are deformed for 3 h under a strain of about 5 % at T =700 ℃, p =100 MPa, σ =50 MPa. It is shown that there are 4 areas with different colors in the section of the samples parallel to σ 1: the extensional, contractional, and strongly compressional areas and a ductile shear zone, respectively on the basis of the stress states and the direction of material movement. The chemical components such as K, Na, Al and Fe from materials in different areas have changed. The four elements mentioned above in pyroxene grains decrease in content from the extensional area through the ductile shear zone, the contractional area, to the strongly compressional area. The contents of the same elements in feldspar grain vary in a reverse direction.
文摘This article explores the evolution of cloud computing, its advantages over traditional on-premises infrastructure, and its impact on information security. The study presents a comprehensive literature review covering various cloud infrastructure offerings and security models. Additionally, it deeply analyzes real-life case studies illustrating successful cloud migrations and highlights common information security threats in current cloud computing. The article concludes by offering recommendations to businesses to protect themselves from cloud data breaches and providing insights into selecting a suitable cloud services provider from an information security perspective.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41572137,41872165)National Science and Technology Major Project of China(Grant No.2017ZX05001002-003)Research and Innovation fund for Graduate Students of Southwest Petroleum University(Grant No.2019cxyb006)。
文摘The significance of source rocks for oil and gas accumulation has been indisputably acknowledged.Moreover,it has been gradually realized that there is difference between hydrocarbon generation capacity and hydrocarbon expulsion capacity,and this has prompted research on hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency.However,these studies dominantly highlight the results of hydrocarbon expulsion,and investigation into the corresponding process and mechanism is primarily from a macroscopic perspective.Despite its wide acceptance as the most direct hydrocarbon expulsion mode,hydrocarbon expulsion through micro-fractures is still not sufficiently understood.Therefore,this study obtains observations and performs experiments on two types of source rocks(mudstones and shales)of the Chang 7 oil group of the Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin,China.Microscopy reveals that organic matter is non-uniformly distributed in both types of source rocks.Specifically,mudstones are characterized by a cluster-like organic matter distribution,whereas shales are characterized by a layered organic matter distribution.Thermal evolution simulation experiments demonstrate that the hydrocarbon generation process is accompanied by the emergence of micro-fractures,which are favorable for hydrocarbon expulsion.Moreover,based on the theories of rock physics and fracture mechanics,this study establishes micro-fracture development models for both types of source rocks,associated with the calculation of the fracture pressure that is needed for the initiation of fracture development.Furthermore,the relationship between the fluid pressure,fracture pressure,and micro-fracture expansion length during micro-fracture development is quantitatively explored,which helps identify the micro-fracture expansion length.The results indicate that the development of micro-fractures is commonly impacted by the morphology and distribution pattern of the organic matter as well as the mechanical properties of the source rocks.The micro-fractures in turn further affect the hydrocarbon expulsion capacity of the source rocks.The results of this study are expected to provide theoretical and practical guidance for the exploration and exploitation of tight oil and shale oil.
文摘QUARTZ is present mainly as the species H<sub>4</sub>SiO<sub>4</sub> in fluid. The currently accepted values for quartz solubility at low temperatures are low. At 300℃, quartz solubility is about 600×10<sup>-6</sup> in the quartz-fluid system. Therefore, the migration of quartz should not be evident at low temperatures. However, thepresent note shows that quartz can be enriched and migrate significantly at 300℃. The solid/fluid ratio（S/F） of the experiments is only about 10 g/mL.
