Mikania micrantha is a fast-growing global invasive weed species that causes severe damage to natural ecosystems and very large economic losses of forest and crop production.It has advantages in photosynthesis,includi...Mikania micrantha is a fast-growing global invasive weed species that causes severe damage to natural ecosystems and very large economic losses of forest and crop production.It has advantages in photosynthesis,including a similar net photosynthetic rate as C4 plants and a higher carbon fixation capacity.We used a combination of genomics and transcriptomics approaches to study the evolutionary mechanisms and circadian expression patterns of M.micrantha.In M.micrantha,16 positive selection genes focused on photoreaction and utilization of photoassimilates.In different tissues,98.1%of the genes associated with photoresponse had high expression in stems,and more than half of the genes of the C4 cycle had higher expression in stems than in leaves.In stomatal opening and closing,2 genes of carbonic anhydrase(CAs)had higher expression at 18:00 than at 8:00,and the slow anion channel 1(SLAC1)and high-leaf-temperature 1 kinase(HT1)genes were expressed at low levels at 18:00.In addition,genes associated with photosynthesis had higher expression levels at 7:00 and 17:00.We hypothesized that M.micrantha may undergo photosynthesis in the stem and flower organs and that some stomata of the leaves were opening at night by CO_(2)signals.In addition,its evolution may attenuate photoinhibition at high light intensities,and enhance more efficient of photosynthesis during low light intensity.And the tissue-specific photosynthetic types and different diurnal pattern of photosynthetic-related genes may contribute to its rapid colonization of new habitats of M.micrantha.展开更多
[Objectives]The paper was to understand the occurrence and damage regularity of the invasive plant Mikania micrantha in Huadu District of Guangzhou.[Methods]The damage status of M.micranthFa in different forest lands ...[Objectives]The paper was to understand the occurrence and damage regularity of the invasive plant Mikania micrantha in Huadu District of Guangzhou.[Methods]The damage status of M.micranthFa in different forest lands and its annual growth dynamics were investigated by field investigation.[Results]With the change of canopy density from low to high,the occurrence degree of M.micrantha changed from high to low.The occurrence degree of M.micrantha in different forest land types was:abandoned orchard>wasteland>roadside greenbelt>waterside>forest edge>normally managed orchard.[Conclusions]M.micrantha enters the rapid growth period from March to May in spring,with the growth rate gradually slowing down after June.The result provides a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the prevention and control of M.micrantha.展开更多
[ Objective ] The paper was to understand distribution and damage of alien weed Mikania micramhaln in Huiyang District of China. [ Method ] The coverage, nearby water sources, surrounding plants and control status of ...[ Objective ] The paper was to understand distribution and damage of alien weed Mikania micramhaln in Huiyang District of China. [ Method ] The coverage, nearby water sources, surrounding plants and control status of M. micranthain under different habitats in Huiyang District were surveyed. [ Result] M. micrantha grew violently in the habitats of irrigation ditches, orchard, field edge and wasteland with the coverage ranging from 10% to 90%. It grew more seriously around water sources and was very likely to recur after control. The wild growth of M. micranthaln was harmful to local agriculture, forestry and fishery. The com- prehensive control measures combing artificial control, chemical control, biological control and ecological control should be adopted in different habitats. [ Conclusion] The study orovided basis for comorehensive control and invasion risk assessment of M. micranthain.展开更多
[Objective] The paper was to explore the herbicidal effects of Periconia heveae culture filtrate on Mikania micrantha. [Method] Through indoor bioassay method, the inhibition effects of culture filtrates of seven spec...[Objective] The paper was to explore the herbicidal effects of Periconia heveae culture filtrate on Mikania micrantha. [Method] Through indoor bioassay method, the inhibition effects of culture filtrates of seven species of plant disease fungi on seed germination and seedling growth of M. micrantha were studied, and the security of P. heveae culture filtrate on pepper （Capsicum annuum） and tomato （Solanum lycopersicum） was also evaluated. [Result] The culture filtrates of P. heveae had strong inhibition effects on seed germination and the growth of root, shoot and seedling of M. micrantha, and the inhibition rates were 72.7%, 93.0%, 32.4%, and 54.6% （fresh weight）, respectively. Security tests showed that culture filtrates of P. heveae were safe to seed germination and root and shoot growth of tomato, and the growth rate had no significant difference with control, but they inhibited seed germination of pepper. [Conclusion] As potential biological herbicide, the culture filtrate and metabolites of P. heveae is worthy of further development. .展开更多
The invasive plant Mikania micrantha Kunth(M.micrantha)from South America poses a significant threat to the stability and biodiversity of ecosystems.However,an effective and economical method to control M.micrantha is...The invasive plant Mikania micrantha Kunth(M.micrantha)from South America poses a significant threat to the stability and biodiversity of ecosystems.However,an effective and economical method to control M.micrantha is still lacking.RNA interference(RNAi)has been widely studied and applied in agriculture for trait improvement.Spray-induced gene silencing(SIGS)can produce RNAi silencing effects without introducing heritable modifications to the plant genome and is becoming a novel nontransformation strategy for plant protection.In this study,the genes encoding chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins were selected as targets of RNAi,based on high-throughput sequencing of M.micrantha transcriptome and bioinformatic analyses of sequence specificity.Three types of RNAi molecules,double-stranded RNA,RNAi nanomicrosphere,and short hairpin RNA(shRNA),with their corresponding short interfering RNA sequences were designed and synthesized for SIGS vector construction,from which each RNAi molecule was transcribed and extracted to be sprayed on M.micrantha leaves.Whereas water-treated control leaves remained green,leaves treated with RNAi molecules turned yellow and eventually wilted.Quantitative real-time PCR showed that the expression levels of target genes were significantly reduced in the RNAi-treated groups compared with those of the control,suggesting that all three types of RNAi herbicides effectively silenced the endogenous target genes,which are essential for the growth of M.micrantha.We also found that shRNA showed better silencing efficiency than the other two molecules.Taken together,our study successfully designed three types of RNAi-based herbicides that specifically silenced endogenous target genes and controlled the growth of M.micrantha.Moreover,we identified a gene family encoding chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins that is important for the growth and development of M.micrantha and could serve as potential targets for controlling the spread of M.micrantha.展开更多
Soil microbes contribute to native plant species successful resistance against invasive plant.Three native tree species,Heteropanax fragrans (HF),Cinnamomum burmanii (CB),and Macaranga tanarius (MT) were effective in ...Soil microbes contribute to native plant species successful resistance against invasive plant.Three native tree species,Heteropanax fragrans (HF),Cinnamomum burmanii (CB),and Macaranga tanarius (MT) were effective in controlling the notorious invasive vine Mikania micrantha (MM).Biomass production and allocation patterns (shoot/root biomass ratio (shoot/root)) are important indicators of MM climbing coverage and competitive light-capturing capacity.An investigation was conducted to test the role of soil microbes associated with the three native tree species to inhibit MM biomass production and shift MM shoot/root.Rhizosphere soils originating from preculture HF,CB,MT,and MM plots were collected separately for use as inocula.The inocula were mixed with sterilized river sand at a 1:9 (w/w) ratio to grow MM.The fungicide carbendazim (methyl benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate) was applied to half the treatments to kill pathogenic soil fungi.Two nutrient levels were established based on the natural soil nutrient concentration from a field stand invaded by MM.MM were grown from seeds in a glasshouse,harvested 15 weeks after sowing,and separated into shoot and root portions.Results showed that under interaction of soil origin and nutrient levels,MM biomass production was unchanged,but biomass allocation patterns were significantly different.MM biomass production grown in the three native tree soils under two nutrient levels was similar or higher than MM biomass production in MM conspecific soil,indicating the absence of species-specific pathogens that inhibited MM biomass production in native tree soils.However,in both conspecific and tree soils,MM biomass production was significantly reduced in the presence of pathogenic soil fungi,i.e.MM experienced significant fungal inhibition,demonstrating the pathogenic soil fungi promoted native tree resistence to MM.MM exhibited decreased shoot biomass allocation when cultivated in native tree soil relative to MM conspecific soil under field stand nutrient level conditions.Reduced resource allocation to shoot biomass could result in diminished capacity to climb,cover,and subsequent smother to native trees,and reduced surface area exposed to available light.Following fungicide application,significant biomass allocation differences disappeared,suggesting the native tree soil fungi were responsible for decreasing MM shoot biomass.The overall results indicated tree soil fungi serve an integral role in controlling invasive MM through fungal inhibition on MM biomass production,and shifts in MM biomass allocation patterns.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072490)the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFC2600100 and2021YFC2600101)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program,China。
文摘Mikania micrantha is a fast-growing global invasive weed species that causes severe damage to natural ecosystems and very large economic losses of forest and crop production.It has advantages in photosynthesis,including a similar net photosynthetic rate as C4 plants and a higher carbon fixation capacity.We used a combination of genomics and transcriptomics approaches to study the evolutionary mechanisms and circadian expression patterns of M.micrantha.In M.micrantha,16 positive selection genes focused on photoreaction and utilization of photoassimilates.In different tissues,98.1%of the genes associated with photoresponse had high expression in stems,and more than half of the genes of the C4 cycle had higher expression in stems than in leaves.In stomatal opening and closing,2 genes of carbonic anhydrase(CAs)had higher expression at 18:00 than at 8:00,and the slow anion channel 1(SLAC1)and high-leaf-temperature 1 kinase(HT1)genes were expressed at low levels at 18:00.In addition,genes associated with photosynthesis had higher expression levels at 7:00 and 17:00.We hypothesized that M.micrantha may undergo photosynthesis in the stem and flower organs and that some stomata of the leaves were opening at night by CO_(2)signals.In addition,its evolution may attenuate photoinhibition at high light intensities,and enhance more efficient of photosynthesis during low light intensity.And the tissue-specific photosynthetic types and different diurnal pattern of photosynthetic-related genes may contribute to its rapid colonization of new habitats of M.micrantha.
文摘[Objectives]The paper was to understand the occurrence and damage regularity of the invasive plant Mikania micrantha in Huadu District of Guangzhou.[Methods]The damage status of M.micranthFa in different forest lands and its annual growth dynamics were investigated by field investigation.[Results]With the change of canopy density from low to high,the occurrence degree of M.micrantha changed from high to low.The occurrence degree of M.micrantha in different forest land types was:abandoned orchard>wasteland>roadside greenbelt>waterside>forest edge>normally managed orchard.[Conclusions]M.micrantha enters the rapid growth period from March to May in spring,with the growth rate gradually slowing down after June.The result provides a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the prevention and control of M.micrantha.
基金Supported by Special Fund for Scientific Research in the Public Interest(201103027)Eleventh Five-Year National Science and Technology Support Project(2006BAD32B0103)
文摘[ Objective ] The paper was to understand distribution and damage of alien weed Mikania micramhaln in Huiyang District of China. [ Method ] The coverage, nearby water sources, surrounding plants and control status of M. micranthain under different habitats in Huiyang District were surveyed. [ Result] M. micrantha grew violently in the habitats of irrigation ditches, orchard, field edge and wasteland with the coverage ranging from 10% to 90%. It grew more seriously around water sources and was very likely to recur after control. The wild growth of M. micranthaln was harmful to local agriculture, forestry and fishery. The com- prehensive control measures combing artificial control, chemical control, biological control and ecological control should be adopted in different habitats. [ Conclusion] The study orovided basis for comorehensive control and invasion risk assessment of M. micranthain.
基金Supported by Research Special Project of Public Industry(Agriculture)(201103027)Control of Invasive Alien Species of MOA & International Cooperation Project of MOST(2011DFB30040)+1 种基金Key Project of Science andTechnology of Hainan Province(080149)Basic Scientific Research Expenses for Central Scientific Research Institutes in Environment and Plant Protection Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences(2009hzs1J018)
文摘[Objective] The paper was to explore the herbicidal effects of Periconia heveae culture filtrate on Mikania micrantha. [Method] Through indoor bioassay method, the inhibition effects of culture filtrates of seven species of plant disease fungi on seed germination and seedling growth of M. micrantha were studied, and the security of P. heveae culture filtrate on pepper （Capsicum annuum） and tomato （Solanum lycopersicum） was also evaluated. [Result] The culture filtrates of P. heveae had strong inhibition effects on seed germination and the growth of root, shoot and seedling of M. micrantha, and the inhibition rates were 72.7%, 93.0%, 32.4%, and 54.6% （fresh weight）, respectively. Security tests showed that culture filtrates of P. heveae were safe to seed germination and root and shoot growth of tomato, and the growth rate had no significant difference with control, but they inhibited seed germination of pepper. [Conclusion] As potential biological herbicide, the culture filtrate and metabolites of P. heveae is worthy of further development. .
基金This research was financially supported by grants from the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program,China(Grant No.JCYJ20190808115005598)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31801078)+1 种基金Guangdong Innovation Research Team Fun(Grant No.2014ZT05S078),Natural Science Foundation of SZU(Grant.No.2019080)the Undergraduate Academic Competition Project of Shenzhen University(Grant No.803-0000290846).
文摘The invasive plant Mikania micrantha Kunth(M.micrantha)from South America poses a significant threat to the stability and biodiversity of ecosystems.However,an effective and economical method to control M.micrantha is still lacking.RNA interference(RNAi)has been widely studied and applied in agriculture for trait improvement.Spray-induced gene silencing(SIGS)can produce RNAi silencing effects without introducing heritable modifications to the plant genome and is becoming a novel nontransformation strategy for plant protection.In this study,the genes encoding chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins were selected as targets of RNAi,based on high-throughput sequencing of M.micrantha transcriptome and bioinformatic analyses of sequence specificity.Three types of RNAi molecules,double-stranded RNA,RNAi nanomicrosphere,and short hairpin RNA(shRNA),with their corresponding short interfering RNA sequences were designed and synthesized for SIGS vector construction,from which each RNAi molecule was transcribed and extracted to be sprayed on M.micrantha leaves.Whereas water-treated control leaves remained green,leaves treated with RNAi molecules turned yellow and eventually wilted.Quantitative real-time PCR showed that the expression levels of target genes were significantly reduced in the RNAi-treated groups compared with those of the control,suggesting that all three types of RNAi herbicides effectively silenced the endogenous target genes,which are essential for the growth of M.micrantha.We also found that shRNA showed better silencing efficiency than the other two molecules.Taken together,our study successfully designed three types of RNAi-based herbicides that specifically silenced endogenous target genes and controlled the growth of M.micrantha.Moreover,we identified a gene family encoding chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins that is important for the growth and development of M.micrantha and could serve as potential targets for controlling the spread of M.micrantha.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30570330and30370243)Shenzhen Greening Committee:Non-Environmental Disruptive Control of Mikania micrantha(2010-2013)+1 种基金Special Fund for Agroscientific Research in the Public Interest(201103027)the Zhang Hongda Scientific Research Fund
文摘Soil microbes contribute to native plant species successful resistance against invasive plant.Three native tree species,Heteropanax fragrans (HF),Cinnamomum burmanii (CB),and Macaranga tanarius (MT) were effective in controlling the notorious invasive vine Mikania micrantha (MM).Biomass production and allocation patterns (shoot/root biomass ratio (shoot/root)) are important indicators of MM climbing coverage and competitive light-capturing capacity.An investigation was conducted to test the role of soil microbes associated with the three native tree species to inhibit MM biomass production and shift MM shoot/root.Rhizosphere soils originating from preculture HF,CB,MT,and MM plots were collected separately for use as inocula.The inocula were mixed with sterilized river sand at a 1:9 (w/w) ratio to grow MM.The fungicide carbendazim (methyl benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate) was applied to half the treatments to kill pathogenic soil fungi.Two nutrient levels were established based on the natural soil nutrient concentration from a field stand invaded by MM.MM were grown from seeds in a glasshouse,harvested 15 weeks after sowing,and separated into shoot and root portions.Results showed that under interaction of soil origin and nutrient levels,MM biomass production was unchanged,but biomass allocation patterns were significantly different.MM biomass production grown in the three native tree soils under two nutrient levels was similar or higher than MM biomass production in MM conspecific soil,indicating the absence of species-specific pathogens that inhibited MM biomass production in native tree soils.However,in both conspecific and tree soils,MM biomass production was significantly reduced in the presence of pathogenic soil fungi,i.e.MM experienced significant fungal inhibition,demonstrating the pathogenic soil fungi promoted native tree resistence to MM.MM exhibited decreased shoot biomass allocation when cultivated in native tree soil relative to MM conspecific soil under field stand nutrient level conditions.Reduced resource allocation to shoot biomass could result in diminished capacity to climb,cover,and subsequent smother to native trees,and reduced surface area exposed to available light.Following fungicide application,significant biomass allocation differences disappeared,suggesting the native tree soil fungi were responsible for decreasing MM shoot biomass.The overall results indicated tree soil fungi serve an integral role in controlling invasive MM through fungal inhibition on MM biomass production,and shifts in MM biomass allocation patterns.
