Color as Material: Ceramic Surfaces in the Work of Gio Ponti in Milan (1927-1970)

The study is based on the analysis of the design and operational path conducted by the architect Gio Ponti on ceramic materials between the late 1920s and the early 1970s,with particular attention to applications in the Milanese context.Milan represents the main laboratory for experimenting with the figurative,plastic and chromatic potential of modern ceramic surfaces.The analysis of archival documentation preserved at the CSAC Archive in Parma,the Gio Ponti Archives in Milan and the Archivio Progetti at the Iuav University of Venice allows for a deeper understanding of the design path at different scales,from the design of specific lines of ceramics for industry,to their application in buildings.The second part of the analysis is aimed at tracing the conservation problems of ceramic surfaces,with the aim of highlighting both the cultural and technical aspects that are affecting the conservation of this heritage.Connected to the latter aspect is a focus on the principal deterioration phenomena of modern ceramic surfaces related to different types of substrates,providing in-depth knowledge that opens up new strategies for their conservation.

符合Milan标准肝细胞癌患者行肝移植和肝切除术预后分析

目的：比较符合Milan标准肝细胞癌患者行肝移植和肝切除术后的生存和复发情况，分析影响患者肿瘤复发转移的相关危险因素。方法回顾性分析南方医院从2006年1月-2011年12月88例符合Milan标准肝细胞癌患者行肝移植或肝切除术的临床资料，比较两种术式的生存率及无瘤生存率；对围手术期的12个变量进行单因素分析，筛选影响术后肿瘤复发和转移的危险因素。结果移植组患者1、3、5年生存率与切除组差别无统计学意义（P＆gt;0.05）；移植组患者1、3、5年无瘤生存率优于切除组（P＆lt;0.05）；肝移植组肿瘤复发率明显低于肝切除组（P＆lt;0.05）；多因素分析提示性别、肿瘤大小、肿瘤病理分化程度、镜下微血管癌栓是影响无瘤生存率的重要预后因素。结论治疗符合Milan标准肝细胞癌，肝移植比肝切除能获得较长的无瘤生存时间；男性、肿瘤直径越大、有镜下血管癌栓、肿瘤病理分化程度低的患者术后更容易发生肿瘤复发和转移。

Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma beyond the Milan criteria: A review

Liver transplantation(LT) has been accepted as an effective therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). The Milan criteria(MC) are widely used across the world to select LT candidates in HCC patients. However, the MC may be too strict because a substantial subset of patients who have HCC exceed the MC and who would benefit from LT may be unnecessarily excluded from the waiting list. In recent years, many extended criteria beyond the MC were raised, which were proved to be able to yield similar outcomes compared with those patients meeting the MC. Because the simple use of tumor size and number was insufficient to indicate HCC biological features and to predict the risk of tumor recurrence, some biological markers such as Alphafetoprotein, Des-Gamma-carboxy prothrombin and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio were useful in selecting LT candidates in HCC patients beyond the MC. For patients with advanced HCC, downstaging therapy is an effective way to reduce the tumor stage to fulfill the MC by using liver-directed therapy such as transarterial chemoembolization, radiofrequency ablation and percutaneous ethanol injection. This article reviews the recent advances in LT for HCC beyond the MC.

Expansion of the hepatocellular carcinoma Milan criteria in liver transplantation: Future directions

Milan criteria are currently the benchmark related to liver transplantation(LT) for hepatocellular carcinoma. However, several groups have proposed different expanded criteria with acceptable results. In this article, we review the current status of LT beyond the Milan criteria in three different scenarios-expanded criteria with cadaveric LT, downstaging to Milan criteria before LT, and expansion in the context of adult living donor LT. The review focuses on three main questions: what would the impact of the expansion beyond Milan criteria be on the patients on the waiting list; whether the dichotomous criteria(yes/no) currently used are appropriate for LT or continuous survival estimations, such as the one of "Metroticket" and whether it should enter into the clinical practice; and, whether the use of living donor LT in the context of expansion beyond Milan criteria is justified.

Selection of HCC patients for liver transplantation: the Milan criteria,Hangzhou criteria and beyond

Deceased or living liver graft should be considered as a valuable community resource. They should be implanted in patients who

Radiofrequency ablation vs surgical resection in elderly patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in Milan criteria

BACKGROUND Surgical resection and radiofrequency ablation(RFA)represent two possible strategy in treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in Milan criteria.AIM To evaluate short-and long-term outcome in elderly patients(>70 years)with HCC in Milan criteria,which underwent liver resection(LR)or RFA.METHODS The study included 594 patients with HCC in Milan criteria(429 in LR group and 165 in RFA group)managed in 10 European centers.Statistical analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method before and after propensity score matching(PSM)and Cox regression.RESULTS After PSM,we compared 136 patients in the LR group with 136 patients in the RFA group.Overall survival at 1,3,and 5 years was 91%,80%,and 76%in the LR group and 97%,67%,and 41%in the RFA group respectively(P=0.001).Diseasefree survival at 1,3,and 5 years was 84%,60%and 44%for the LR group,and 63%,36%,and 25%for the RFA group(P=0.001).Postoperative Clavien-Dindo IIIIV complications were lower in the RFA group(1%vs 11%,P=0.001)in association with a shorter length of stay(2 d vs 7 d,P=0.001).In multivariate analysis,Model for End-stage Liver Disease(MELD)score(>10)[odds ratio(OR)=1.89],increased value of international normalized ratio(>1.3)(OR=1.60),treatment with radiofrequency(OR=1.46),and multiple nodules(OR=1.19)were independent predictors of a poor overall survival while a high MELD score(>10)(OR=1.51)and radiofrequency(OR=1.37)were independent factors associated with a higher recurrence rate.CONCLUSION Despite a longer length of stay and a higher rate of severe postoperative complications,surgery provided better results in long-term oncological outcomes as compared to ablation in elderly patients(>70 years)with HCC in Milan criteria.

Hepatocellular carcinoma beyond Milan criteria: Management and transplant selection criteria

Liver transplantation(LT) for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) has been established as a standard treatment in selected patients for the last two and a half decades. After initially dismal outcomes, the Milan criteria(MC)(single HCC ≤ 5 cm or up to 3 HCCs ≤ 3 cm) have been adopted worldwide to select HCC patients for LT, however cumulative experience has shown that MC can be too strict. This has led to the development of numerous expanded criteria worldwide. Morphometric expansions on MC as well as various criteria which incorporate biomarkers as surrogates of tumor biology have been described. HCC that presents beyond MC initially can be downstaged with locoregional therapy(LRT). Post-LRT monitoring aims to identify candidates with favorable tumor behavior. Similarly, tumor marker levels as response to LRT has been utilized as surrogate of tumor biology. Molecular signatures of HCC have also been correlated to outcomes; these have yet to be incorporated into HCC-LT selection criteria formally. The ongoing discrepancy between organ demand and supply makes patient selection the most challenging element of organ allocation. Further validation of extended HCCLT criteria models and pre-LT treatment strategies are required.

术前低血小板水平是影响Milan标准内HCC射频消融治疗预后的独立危险因素

目的探讨影响Milan标准内肝细胞癌(HCC)射频消融治疗预后的危险因素。方法本研究回顾性分析了2011年1月~2015年12月在我院初次行射频消融治疗的223例符合Milan标准HCC患者的临床资料和随访资料,采用Kaplan-Meier法(Log-rank检验)行单因素分析,Cox回归模型行多因素分析。结果随访截止至2017年8月31日或患者死亡时,中位随访时间37.9个月(7.9月~79.1月),至随访截止日期共89例(39.9%)复发,27例(12.1%)死亡。单因素分析显示肿瘤多发和术前血小板(Platelet,PLT)<10~0×10~9/L是影响Milan标准内HCC患者行射频消融治疗后无瘤生存的危险因素;有酗酒史、术前PLT<10~0×10~9/L是影响Milan标准内HCC患者行射频消融治疗后总体生存的危险因素。多因素分析结果示术前PLT<10~0×10~9/L是影响射频消融治疗Milan标准内HCC患者无瘤生存和总体生存的独立危险因素,肿瘤多发是影响射频消融治疗后无瘤生存的独立危险因素。PLT<10~0×10~9/L组(PLT降低组)与PLT≥10~0×10~9/L(非PLT降低组)相比,前者无瘤生存(P=0.006)及总体生存(P=0.001)均差于后者,两组1、2、3、5年无瘤生存率分别为85%、68.8%、56.3%、50.0%和89.5%、76.9%、69.9%、68.5%,两组1、2、3、5年OS率分别为10~0%、93.8%、86.3%、77.5%和99.3%、96.5%、94.4%、93.7%。结论术前低水平血小板计数是影响射频消融治疗Milan标准内HCC患者预后的一个简单、直观的血液学指标,对于术前低血小板水平的HCC患者,行RFA治疗后应进行更加严密的随访。

More Chinese Enterprises Involved in Milan Expo 2015

Profile of Expo Milan 2015Open from May 1 to October 31,2015,the Expo will be held in Milan,the industrial center and economic center of Italy,running for 184 days.The theme of Milan Expo will be"Feeding the Planet,Energy for Life",focusing on food,nutrition and resources,like water and food security,global biodiversity and so on.The Expo will raise the issues instead of solutions,promoting people to think

China's Image Earned Great Attention at Milan Expo 2015

"Milan Expo 2015 was opened in Italy on May 1,and the China Pavilion opened on the same day.Since its opening,the China Pavilion has earned wide attention and praise by virtue of its bravo design and sound operation services,which has turned into a significant platform for

Milan Expo 2015 will be a Platform for China and Italy

At a press conference on December 29,2014,Wang Jinzhen,general representative for the China Pavilion at World Expo 2015&vice president of CCPIT said,"This is the first time that China will open a national pavilion at an overseas expo.During Milan Expo 2015,the China Pavilion will hold hundreds of activities and act as a platform for further promoting cooperation between China and Italy in a variety of fields such as agriculture,travel,culture,and finance."

China to be Major Player at Milan Expo 2015

In preparation for the upcomingMilan Expo 2015,China is focus-ing on its pavilions to be showcasedat the event.China has offi cially begun itsprepa ra tions for Expo Milano 2015,after a con tract signed on Novem ber 20,2013 by Wang Jinzhen,Com mis sionerGen eral for the Chi nese Pavil ion andVice Chairman of the China Coun-cil for the Promotion of

What Will Expo Milan Bring to China?——An exclusive interview with Italian Ambassador to China,H.E.Mr.Alberto Bradanini

We still remember the S hanghai World Expo in 2010,which impressed the whole world.After a blink,another World Expo is here soon.Milan in Italy will be the host next year,and the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade(CCPIT)will host the China pavilion there.To know more about the Milan World Expo2015,China’s Foreign Trade magazine had an exclusive interview with Italian Ambassador to China,H.E.Mr.Alberto Bradanini.

‘Great Ambition: Qi Baishi's Art World'Exhibition Opens in Milan

Co-hosted by Bauhinia Culture.Group Co.,Ltd.,the Beling Municlpal Bureau of Culture and Tourism and the Milan Municipal Bureau of Cuture,and co-organized by China Arts and Entertainment Group Ltd.(CAEG),the Beiing Fine Art Academy.

Milan Kundera: In Exile

《生命中不能承受之轻》(又译《不能承受的生命之轻》)在近两年中一直被列为畅销书,也是我们较为熟悉的米兰·昆德拉的一部作品。在我们了解的他的成长历程之后,我们才能更深地理解这其中的“轻”和“重”——

汽车环保“瘦身”先行 专访朗盛高性能材料业务部(亚太区)销售和市场总监Milan Vignjevic

汽车轻量化并不是新鲜的名词,汽车制造商早在几十年前就已开始着手研究如何减轻汽车的重量。当时轻量化的主要目的在于辅助一些性能较弱的发动机,之后又用于赛车运动,通过减轻跑车重量提升跑车的动力。近年来,随着空气污染、资源短缺和可持续交通等问题逐渐受到重视,汽车轻量化也渐渐进入了公众的视野。

LIN28 expression and prognostic value in hepatocellular carcinoma patients who meet the Milan criteria and undergo hepatectomy

Stem cell marker LIN28,related closely with SOX2 and OCT4,has been studied as a biomarker for the maintainance of pluripotent cells in several malignancies.Our previous study showed that SOX2 and OCT4 were negative predictors for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).However,the predictive value of LIN28 in HCC outcome is still undetermined.We hypothesized that LIN28 may also play a role as a biomarker for HCC.To test this hypothesis,we examined the expression of LIN28 in 129 radically resected HCC tissues using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and analyzed the association of LIN28 expression with clinicopathologic features and prognosis.Our study showed that LIN28 was expressed at a higher frequency in tumor tissues than in non-HCC tissues(45.0% vs.21.7%,P = 0.020).Moreover,LIN28 expression was significantly increased in cases with large tumor size(P = 0.010).Univariate analysis did not reveal a significant correlation between LIN28 expression and overall survival or recurrence-free survival.For HCC patients who met the Milan criteria,stratified analysis revealed shorter overall survival(P = 0.007) and recurrence-free survival(P < 0.001) in those with detectable LIN28 expression compared to those with no detectable LIN28 expression.Furthermore,multivariate analysis revealed that LIN28 was a negative independent predictor for both overall survival(hazard ratio= 7.093,P = 0.017) and recurrence-free survival(hazard ratio=5.518,P = 0.004) in patients who met the Milan criteria.Taken together,our results suggest that LIN28 identifies low-risk and high-risk subsets of HCC patients meeting the Milan criteria who undergo hepatectomy.

Milan criteria are useful predictors for favorable outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma patients undergoing liver transplantation after transarterial chemoembolization

AIM: To evaluate whether the Milan criteria are useful in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who received transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) before liver transplantation (LT). METHODS: Thirty-six HCC patients who fulfilled the Milan criteria after having received TACE and subsequently underwent LT were included (TACE + LT group) in the study. As controls, 21 patients who also met the Milan criteria and underwent LT without prior treatment were selected (LT group). Post-LT clinical outcomes, such as HCC recurrence, survival rate, and histologic features of explanted livers, were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics were not different between the two groups. Pre-LT maximal tumor diameter in TACE + LT group was similar to that of LT group (2.0 ± 0.6 cm vs 2.3 ± 0.9 cm; P = 0.10). Post-LT histologic findings also revealed similar maximal tumor diameter in the two groups (2.4 ± 1.4 cm vs 2.3 ± 0.9 cm; P = 0.70). Explanted livers showed similar incidence of unfavorable pathologic features. The morality within 60 d after transplantation was not different between the two groups (8.3% vs 9.5%; P = 0.99). Post-LT 5-year survival rate (57% vs 74%; P = 0.70) and cumulative recurrence rate (8.3% vs 4.8%; P = 0.90) were not significantly different between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The Milan criteria are still a useful selec- tion criteria showing favorable outcomes in HCC patientsreceiving TACE before LT.

基于MRI肝脏影像报告和数据系统特征构建的列线图预测符合Milan标准肝细胞癌微血管侵犯的价值

目的建立并验证基于MRI的肝脏影像报告和数据系统(LI-RADS)特征的列线图模型预测符合Milan标准的肝细胞癌(HCC)微血管侵犯(MVI)的价值。方法回顾性分析2016年6月至2022年6月在苏州大学第三附属医院118例经病理证实的HCC患者的资料,共121个病灶,包括47个病理诊断为MVI阳性病灶和74个MVI阴性病灶。采用交叉验证方法随机分为训练集(83例84个病灶,MVI阳性病灶31个、MVI阴性病灶53个)和测试集(35例37个病灶,MVI阳性病灶16个、MVI阴性病灶21个)。以2018版LI-RADS定义的征象评价每个病灶。在训练集中采用χ2检验比较MVI阳性组与MVI阴性组间LI-RADS征象的差异,采用logistic回归获得MVI阳性的独立危险因素并构建列线图模型。采用受试者操作特征曲线和决策曲线分析(DCA)评估列线图模型预测MVI的效能和临床受益。结果训练集中MVI阳性组与MVI阴性组间HCC大小、边缘、结中结、马赛克征、晕环状强化差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素logistic分析结果显示,HCC最大径>3 cm(OR=1.427,95%CI 1.314~12.227,P=0.009)、肿瘤边缘不光滑(OR=3.167,95%CI 1.227~461.232,P=0.041)、马赛克征(OR=1.769,95%CI 1.812~61.434,P=0.022)、晕环状强化(OR=4.015,95%CI 3.327~836.384,P=0.011)是MVI阳性的独立危险因素。基于以上4个参数构建的列线图模型预测MVI的曲线下面积在训练集和测试集中分别为0.863(95%CI 0.768~0.947)和0.887(95%CI 0.804~0.987)。DCA结果显示训练集中列线图的曲线在所有合理阈值概率中均高于默认线,表明患者能获得临床受益。结论基于MRI的LI-RADS征象列线图模型术前可有效预测符合Milan标准HCC的MVI,可使患者临床受益。