Lactose-free milk powder can effectively relieve diarrhea symptoms in weaning SD rats and children

Diarrhea has become the leading cause of illness and death among infants and young children in developing countries.Clinically,patients with diarrhea showed damaged intestinal epithelial villi,usually accompanied by lactase deficiency.In this study,we evaluated the therapeutic effects of lactose-free milk powder on rats and children with diarrhea.Antibiotic-associated diarrhea(AAD)model was established by gavage with antibiotic mixture in SD rats,followed by administration of milk powder containing lactose or not.The results showed that lactose-free milk powder ameliorated A AD-related diarrhea symptoms,and accelerated the recovery from diarrhea.And 16S sequencing results indicated lactose-free milk powder contributed to increase theα-andβ-diversity of intestinal flora,and restore the intestinal microbiota disorder.In conclusion,our data demonstrate that lactose-free milk powder could alleviate diarrhea by restoring gut microbiota and intestinal barrier function.

Simultaneous Determination of 2- and 3-MCPD Esters in Infant Formula Milk Powder and Edible Vegetable Oils by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Esters of 2- and 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (MCPD) are significative contaminants of processed edible oils used as foods or food ingredients. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a new method by GC-MS for the simultaneous quantification of 2 and 3-MCPD esters in infant milk powder and edible vegetable oils. The developed protocol included fat fraction in infant milk powder and edible vegetable oils samples was extracted and treated with sodium methylate-methanol to cleave the ester bonds of the 2- and 3-MCPD esters, moreover, standard samples of deuterium isotope-labeled 2- and 3-MCPD palmitic acid double esters and stearic acid double esters were used as the internal standards. Furthermore, this method was validated when it was applied to food products, concrete manifestation in its good accuracy (the recovery of MCPD esters ranged from 86% to 114%), high sensitivity (the LOD of 3-MCPD and 2-MCPD esters were 0.025 and 0.020 mg/kg, LOQ were 0.075, 0.060 mg/kg, respectively) and satisfactory repeatability (RSD below 6.8%) for all analytes. In the 150 commercial edible vegetable oils and infant formula milk powder samples, we obtained a preliminary profile of MCPD ester contamination.

Design of Multifunctional Milk Powder Spoon Based on Environment-friendly and Developmental Concept

Recycling of junks is positive for the environmental protection.Along with the proposal of three-child policy,purchase volume of milk powder surely will experience a drastic growth,and the milk powder spoon as an affiliated product will win the attention of parents.Against the background of consumption upgrading,consumers have had higher requirements on the humanization and safety design of products.Most of milk powder spoons on the market are plastic,and the disposal of waste milk powder spoon has gradually become a burden for the environment.Based on the environment-friendly and developmental concept,and also the characteristics of infant development,this paper proposed the“in-one”design,applied color and tactile designs into the milk powder design,chose food grade silicone to make the milk powder spoon not only a spoon but also a baby teether toy,so as to expand the service life and functions of the product,meet the requirements of saving energy,protecting environment and developing circular economy,which also to some extent reduces the burden on environment brought by plastics,improves the efficiency of junk recycling,and meet the individualized needs of consumers.

Major and trace elemental analysis in milk powder by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry(ICP-OES) and instrumental neutron activation analysis(INAA)

Major and trace element in seven different kinds of milk powder were studied. The concentration of 24 elements were determined by ICP OES method, from these elements 9 elements determined by INAA. The determination of trace element contents of foodstuffs, especially milk as daily drink for all peoples age which being a complex food has great importance. The elemental analysis of milk is important both as an indicator of environmental contamination and because milk is a significant pathway for toxic metal intake and a source of essential nutrients for humans. The major elements are Ca, K, Mg, Na, P and S. While trace element are B, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sb, Se, Sn, Sr, V, W and Zn. ICP OES technique is shown to be a powerful tool for trace determinations in powder samples. This is shown by its use for analysis of a series of the milk powders mentioned and comparative results of other direct technique such as instrumental neutron activation analysis. Analysis of both standard reference material A 11 milk powder and NBS Orchard leaves for quality accurance had been completed, and used for a relative method calculate. The importance of the major and trace elements to human health was discussed.

Quantitative Analysis of Cr in Milk Powder by Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy( LIBS)

At present, heavy metal pollution in food occurs frequently, which requires a novel method for rapid detection. Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy （LIBS） is a new technique for rapid and environmental friendly detection, but it lacks high sensitivity and stability which restrict its development. In this study, Cr-polluted infant milk powder was used as experimental material to explore the feasibility of the application of LIBS technique in food safety detection. Aiming at improving the precision and accuracy of Cr detection by LIBS technique, LIBS spectra of samples were collected by a spectrometer with an intensified charge-cou- pled device （ICCD） using three gratings with different resolutions to comprehensively compare and analyze the stability, sensitivity and quantitative analysis accura- cy of LIBS detection. The results showed that average relative standard deviation （RSD） of LIBS spectral intensity was below 10%, indicating good stability. LIBS signals were collected by three gratings for quantitative analysis, and the results demonstrated that the linear correlation coefficient R2 of fitting curves was 0. 248 87, 0.903 12 and 0.992 81, respectively; the relative errors between actual and predicted concentrations were 38.23%, 8.84% and 7.43%, respectively, indicating that gratings with higher resolutions could lead to higher linear correlation coefficient and better detection accuracy. According to the results, high-resolu- tion spectrometer could significantly improve the accuracy of LIBS detection of Cr concentration in milk powder, suggesting that it is feasible to detect heavy metals in food by LIBS technique with the improvement of core device performance.

Fluorescence-based PCR Detection of Goat Milk Powder Mixed with Cow Milk

[Objectives]To amplify and identify the specific gene fragments of cattle and sheep by real-time fluorescence-based PCR,and quickly and accurately identify the adulteration problem of goat milk powder according to the differences of mitochondrial genes among different species.[Methods]The specificity,limit of detection and repeatability test were carried out by isolating somatic cells,extracting template DNA and determining the reaction conditions of real-time fluorescence-based PCR.[Results]The real-time fluorescence-based PCR method could be used to identify the bovine and ovine-derived materials of milk powder with high specificity,high sensitivity and good repeatability,and the limit of detection of milk components in goat milk powder could reach 0.01%.[Conclusions]The real-time fluorescence-based PCR method can be used to quickly and accurately detect the milk components in goat milk powder,and provide some technical support for the adulteration detection of dairy industry.

Kinetic Determination of Urea in Milk Powder by Nonlinear Chemical Fingerprint Technique

To detect urea content in milk powder, a nonlinear chemical fingerprint technique was developed. In our study, Belousov-Zhabotinsky oscillatory chemical reaction (B-Z) was performed using milk powder and malonic acid as main dissipative substances. The same dosage of milk powder with or without artificially added urea was introduced to “H+ + Ce4+ + + malonic acid” oscillating system, respectively, and nonlinear chemical fingerprints of different milk powder were thus obtained. The proposed method was based on a linear relationship between inductive time of non-linear chemical fingerprints and urea content in milk powder, which held when urea content in milk powder was in the range of 0 - 40 mg/g. A detection limit of 7.8 × 10-3mg/g was also obtained. Our results showed that the method could be used to certify urea content in milk powder without pretreatment of samples, which was more simple and economical compared with traditional methods.

Zinc-carrying Shenguo Milk Powder

Zinc is one of the trace elements necessary to the human body. It can produce an important effect on the growth of the human body, the intelligence, immunity, and the functions of internal secretion and metabolism. Bezoar acid is one of the amino acid necessary to the body, especially to babies. It plays an important part in helping the growth of the brains, the work of the nervous system, and the functions of the eyes.

Qingshan Brand Milk Powder with Tea

Qingshan brand milk powder with teais produced by the Inner Mongolia QingshanMilk Holdings Co.Ltd.It is prepared on thebasis of the original taste of Inner Mongolianmilk with tea and a folk tonic prescription.The fresh milk and fine pressed tea areprocessed into a powder through sterilizing,vacuum-condensing and dry spraying.

Use of fluorometry for determination of skim milk powder adulteration in fresh milk

A FAST (fluorescence of advanced Maillard products and Soluble Tryptophan) method for identification of recon- stituted milk made from skim milk powder in the fresh milk was developed. Considering milk and skim milk powders variations from different seasons and countries, milk was collected from different dairy farms in different seasons and skim milk powders were collected from different countries to measure the Tryptophan (Trp), advanced Maillard products (AMP) fluorescence values. The results showed that there were differences (P<0.01) between raw and reconstituted milk. The plot of values in each mixed level of raw and reconstituted milk had a correlation coefficient >0.97. The FAST method is a simple, rapid, low-cost and sensitive method enabling the detection of 5% reconstituted milk in fresh milk. The measurement of the Trp, AMP fluorescence values and calculation of the FAST index is a suitable method for large-scale monitoring of fresh milk samples.

Study on screening potential allergenic proteins from infant milk powders based on human mast cell membrane chromatography and histamine release assays

Cow's milk allergy is mainly observed in infants and young children. Most allergic reactions affect the skin, followed by the gastrointestinal and respiratory systems. Conventional diagnosis is based on positive allergy studies and evaluation of parameters including IgE and IgG1 levels, acute allergic skin response and anaphylactic shock reactions. We developed a cell membrane chromatographic(CMC)method based on human mast cells(HMC-1) for screening potential allergens in infant formula milk powders(IFMP). HMC-1 cell membranes were extracted and mixed with silica to prepare cell membrane chromatography columns(10 mm ? 2 mm i.d., 5 mm). Under the conditions of 0.2 mL/min flow rate and214 nm detection wavelength, human breast milk showed no retention. However, IFMP showed clear retention. The retained fractions were collected and analyzed through matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF-MS). Four major milk proteins, i.e., α-casein, β-casein, α-lactalbumin, and β-lactoglobulin A, were identified. Furthermore, these proteins and β-lactoglobulin B showed clear retention on HMC-1/CMC columns. To test the degranulation effects of the five proteins, histamine and β-hexosaminidase release assays were carried out. All five proteins induced HMC-1 cells to release histamine and β-hexosaminidase. Also, we established a reversed phase liquid chromatographic(RPLC) method for the determination of the five proteins in IFMP and the results showed that 90% proteins in IFMP were α-casein and β-casein. We concluded that cow's milk proteins may be potential allergens and caseins cause more β-casein allergic risk than other proteins. This conclusion was consistent with other studies.

Global warming potential associated with Irish milk powder production

Climate change is an ever growing issue and a major concem worldwide. Both producers and processors need to address the issue now by reducing, their carbon footprint. Additionally, if Ireland is to meet their climate and energy targets, as outlined in Food Harvest 2020, which outlines a range ot objectives for the Irish agricultural sector, the efficient use of resources and fuels within the industry will need to be increased. In Ireland, agriculture accounts for 29.2% of the total greenhouse gas powder, is examined in order to estimate the global warming potential （GWP） associated with its manufacture using life cycle assessment. A cradle-to-processing factory gate analysis, which includes raw milk production, raw milk transportation to the processmg tactory, its processing into eacla product and product packaging, is assessed in this study using data collected circa 2013. The factories surveyed processed approximately 24% of the total raw milk processed in the Republic of Ireland in 2013, which was 5.83 billion liter. The average total GWP associated with the manufacture of milk powder is 9.731 kg CO2eq·kg^-1 milk powder, which has a standard deviation of 2.26 kg CO2eq·kg^-1 milk powder, for the life cycle stages analyzed in this study. The most significant contributor to GWP is raw milk production （84%）, followed by dairy processing （14%）, with the remainder of the life cycle stages contributing approximately 2%.

Development of milk powder containing Lactobacillus plantarum NCIMB 8826 immobilized with prebiotic hi-maize starch and survival under simulated gastric and intestinal conditions

The objectives of this study were to develop a probiotic milk powder containing Lactobacillus plantarum NCIMB 8826 immobilized with prebiotic Hi-maize starch and to analyze cell viability after spray drying and exposure to simulated gastric and intestinal conditions.Milk powders containing free L.plantarum and cells immobilized with Hi-maize starch were assessed.Powders were evaluated during storage at 4°C for 15 days.After spray drying,at 0 and 15 days of storage both treatments had over 8 log CFU/g of viable cells and there were higher viable counts found for immobilized cells compared to free cells after 120 min in simulated gastric fluid.At 15 days of storage,immobilized cells had higher viable counts than free cells after exposure to simulated intestinal fluid for 120 min.The combined probiotic and prebiotic milk powder had stable viable cell counts at refrigerated storage conditions and under simulated gastric and intestinal transit.

Perfluorinated compounds in milk, milk powder and yoghurt purchased from markets in China

The exposure to perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) through the diet for humans is of great concern. Among the diet, dairy products are in great demand. This paper reports the study on the levels of 9 perfluorinated acids and 2 fluorotelomer acids in milk, milk powder and yoghurt purchased from Chinese markets from 2008 to 2009. The analytes were quantitated by high performance liquid chromatography/electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS). In milk samples, perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA) and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) were detected frequently, both in 68% of samples. In milk powder samples, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and PFNA were the only detected PFCs and none of them was observed in more than 35% of samples. In yoghurt, PFOA was the most frequently detected compound, found in 69% of samples. None of fluorotelomer acids was observed in any samples. The mean concentrations of total PFCs were 178 pg/g (wet weight) in milk, 98 pg/g (dry weight) in milk powder and 42 pg/g in yoghurt (wet weight). It is notable that the data of this study indicate significant differences (P<0.001) among three kinds of packaging of milk in the concentration of total PFCs. A preliminary human health risk assessment of milk and dairy products consumption was conducted in this study. For adults, the mean daily intake of PFOS and total PFCs was equal to or lower than 23 and 167 pg kg-1 d-1 (body weight), respectively.

Determination of Cyanuric Acid in Milk Powder and Swimming Pool Water by Ion-pair Reversed-phase Liquid Chromatography

离子对反向阶段的高效的液体色析法的方法，把 tetrabutylammonium 溴化物(TBAB ) 用作离子对试剂，在奶粉和游泳池水为氰尿酸酸(CA ) 的分析被开发了。氰尿酸酸的保留上的离子对试剂的集中的效果为标准答案和不同真实样品是不同的，这被发现。分离与 85:15 (V/V ) 在反向阶段的 C18 列上被执行为不同样品包含 TBAB 同样活动的阶段的不同集中的 water-acetonitrile (ACN ) 。为 CA 的刻度曲线的线性范围是 0.1100

Determination of Iron in Baby Weaning Food and Powder Milk

Infant formula provides the largest, if not sole, source of nutrition for an extended interval;the nutritional adequacy of the formula must be confirmed and the indications for its use were well understood. Both iron deficiency and iron excess during the fetal and neonatal period bode poorly for developing organ systems. Voltammetry is analytical method based on current potential measurements in electrochemical cells. In this study the concentration of iron in four brands of powder milk and baby food (based on rice and based on wheat) was analyzed with DPASV and voltammeter device. Total Means ± SE of Iron in baby foods and powder milk (n = 40) were 8.55 ± 1.18 mg/100g, 5.21 ± 0.66 respectively. Iron level in baby food type I and II was lower than labeled value (p p < 0.05).

基于电子鼻和一维拉普拉斯卷积核的奶粉基粉产地鉴别

奶粉基粉是配方奶粉的基础原材料,其产地影响到终端乳制品的品质。本文提出了一种电子鼻技术与一维拉普拉斯卷积核相结合的基粉奶源地判别方法。通过电子鼻采集样本数据,经过时域信号对齐,尝试使用不同阶数的一维拉普拉斯卷积核进行特征提取,并对比了统计数字特征、快速傅里叶变换、离散余弦变换等其他特征提取方法,最后使用偏最小二乘及可视化进行可分性分析。实验结果发现快速傅里叶变换、离散余弦变换、二阶的一维拉普拉斯卷积核相对于原始特征均有效提升了可分性,偏最小二乘的R2效应量从0.61分别提升到0.95、0.96和1.00。一维拉普拉斯卷积核特征提取方法能够准确区分产自国内和国外(澳大利亚)的基粉,在案例研究中取得了最优判别效果,说明其能够有效提取到电子鼻各通道序列信号的时间响应特征。该方法能够完成中澳两国奶粉基粉样本的区分工作,为快速鉴定奶粉基粉来源提供技术支撑。

基于顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法分析加速氧化过程中全脂牛羊乳粉挥发性化合物

为探究全脂牛羊乳粉在储存过程中风味物质的变化,本研究采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱技术对加速氧化过程中全脂牛羊乳粉挥发性化合物进行分析。研究表明,全脂牛乳粉和全脂羊乳粉中分别鉴定出56、63种挥发性物质,主要为酸类、醇类、羰基类、酯类、芳香族类、杂环类等挥发性化合物。通过主成分分析和聚类热图分析,在全脂牛羊乳粉中筛选出10种显著性差异挥发性化合物,全脂牛乳粉在储存过程中丁酸相对含量降低,2-壬酮、1-氯戊烷相对含量升高;全脂羊乳粉中壬醛、辛酸、丙酸、丁羟甲苯相对含量降低,苯甲醛、2-庚酮、烯丙基正丙酯相对含量升高。