The millennium development goals (MDGs) were eight international development targets for the year 2015 that were established following the adoption of the United Nations Millennium Declaration in 2000.The MDGs are aim...The millennium development goals (MDGs) were eight international development targets for the year 2015 that were established following the adoption of the United Nations Millennium Declaration in 2000.The MDGs are aimed at reducing extreme poverty and set a series of time-bound goals,particularly in health,gender equality,and environmental sustainability [1].The target set for tuberculosis (TB) was to reduce TB prevalence and mortality rates by half by 2015 compared to the 1990 baseline rates [2].China has in fact achieved the TB targets five years ahead of the scheduled timeline [3].From 1990 through 2010,TB case detections had decreased by 65%,from 170 to 59 cases per 100000 population and the mortality rates by almost 80% [4].展开更多
Introduction: The problems of adolescents’ sexual behavior are grave and far-reaching. Methods: Review of exiting literature via Google scholar, AJOL, Pubmed, HINARI and other relevant data bases on the common proble...Introduction: The problems of adolescents’ sexual behavior are grave and far-reaching. Methods: Review of exiting literature via Google scholar, AJOL, Pubmed, HINARI and other relevant data bases on the common problems of adolescents’ inappropriate sexual behavior. Result: Adolescent sexual behavior could result in adolescent pregnancy which prevalence varies widely throughout Nigeria perhaps due to differences in culture and development. Abortion, the willful termination of pregnancy is another problem which is often undertaken for pregnancies resulting from incest and sexual abuse. Also common is trans-generational sex which occurs when an adolescent has non-marital sex in the last 12 months with a man who is at least 10 years older than her. Also related to this, is transactional sex found in both committed and casual relationships. It is not always done for survival because in some cultures, sex for favor is carried out for reasons other than subsistence. Furthermore, multiple sexual partners are the engagement in sex with more than one partner over a particular time frame. It may be sequential or concurrent. The high prevalence of these problems in Nigeria raises a question of the possibility of achieving the millennium development goals (MDGs) 4, 5 and 6 specifically targeted at reducing child mortality, improving maternal health and combating HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases respectively. Conclusion: Policies and strategies such as family life and HIV/AIDs education (FLHE) curriculum on adolescent reproductive health should be pursued with greater vigor in our secondary schools in addition to establishing HIV counseling centers and vocational training programs for out-of-school adolescents. WHO support and commitment to key action areas for countries and member states will build and strengthen their capacity to improve reproductive and sexual health.展开更多
The paper addresses the failure of renewing the same millennium development goals （MDGs） format in measuring achievement in a region like the Middle East and North Africa （MENA） region which is drastically being t...The paper addresses the failure of renewing the same millennium development goals （MDGs） format in measuring achievement in a region like the Middle East and North Africa （MENA） region which is drastically being transformed. A new approach focusing on ＂human security＂ principles based on freedom, dignity, justice, equality, solidarity, tolerance, and respect articulated in the millennium declaration is needed. Achieving this requires a more integrated, inclusive, and comprehensive development framework that is able to analyze and understand the context with its progress and setbacks. The paper realizes that measuring MDGs achievement does not only need a comprehensive integrated approach, but also a defmition of risks and challenges that the region faces. Issues like poverty, inequality, unemployment of graduates, personal and collective insecurity due to conflict, migration, and brain drain, food insecurity, and gender inequality are all issues that need to be redefined when analyzing the region to suit the context. The paper concludes that in order to understand the context, re-definition of concepts like poverty reduction, participation, and empowerment is needed to make concepts more relevant to the context. Lastly, the paper reflects the new call from youth for a new development model that is not based on market economy, ends political economy of the rentier states, and emphasizes a productive oriented economy that is able to generate employment and decent work. It also emphasizes democratic governance as an only path for a sustainable participatory development that can realize ambitions and aspirations of the majority of population.展开更多
The United Nations Millennium Development Goals(MDGs)of 2015 sought to eradicate major problems facing the globe.Member states ratifying these goals were tasked to formulate and institute policies aimed at addressing ...The United Nations Millennium Development Goals(MDGs)of 2015 sought to eradicate major problems facing the globe.Member states ratifying these goals were tasked to formulate and institute policies aimed at addressing the global economic,political,social,and environmental challenges.Three major goals sought to address fundamental issues on poverty,universal education,and gender equality.The MDGs were succeeded by the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)which are targeted to be achieved by 2030.The intersectionality of the development goals and education cannot be underestimated.Education has been identified as a key strategy for addressing poverty,hunger,and gender equality.Although several countries ratified the MDGs,most did not achieve the goals by 2015.A shift in policy is necessary to close the achievement gap and to help the eff orts for achieving the 2030 SDGs.This paper addresses Zimbabwe’s progress towards the SDGs.Progress on key indicators of quality education,poverty,and inequality of opportunities is presented.Finally,the paper suggests a rights-based education programming framework to help accelerate achievement of the SDGs.展开更多
The Millennium Development Goals(MDGs)with their holistic perspective of development are focused on different issues of vulnerability.This article highlights the situation of women in disasters and the challenges in a...The Millennium Development Goals(MDGs)with their holistic perspective of development are focused on different issues of vulnerability.This article highlights the situation of women in disasters and the challenges in achieving the MDGs with special reference to India.It is accepted that there is no disaster without human engagement and that issues of differential impact on genders is an essential consideration for recovery.The international guidelines on disaster management and intervention have a considerable focus on gender equality,balance,mainstreaming,and sensitive programing,yet the situation is quite grim.India still lacks separate policy guidelines on gender aspects in disaster.In the twenty-first century,India has witnessed a series of disasters in different parts of the country.The author's personal experiences of working in intervention programs of these disasters showed that gender vulnerability depends on various factors like the intensity of the disaster impact,local sociocultural perspectives,effective disaster intervention strategies,the specific focus on issues of women in training of personnel,and gender-sensitive disaster intervention programs in the community.In the context of the MDGs,while development has become a priority concern to end age-old inequalities in society,the added challenge of disasters needs considerable focus on gender inequalities to achieve the goal of gender equity.展开更多
Climate change is becoming a serious issue nowadays.There are profound environmental,economic and political implications of global warming. Ecosystems,from mountains to oceans and from the poles to the tropics,are und...Climate change is becoming a serious issue nowadays.There are profound environmental,economic and political implications of global warming. Ecosystems,from mountains to oceans and from the poles to the tropics,are undergoing rapid change.The cost will be borne by all,but especially by the展开更多
The paper presents and examines the impact of dollarization on growth and development of emerging economies with specific reference to Zimbabwe’s experience in the period, 2009-2018. The research study explores the t...The paper presents and examines the impact of dollarization on growth and development of emerging economies with specific reference to Zimbabwe’s experience in the period, 2009-2018. The research study explores the theoretical and empirical evidence drawn from countries of the world that dollarized for various economic reasons. The study used a descriptive survey design to analyse the research data drawn from the field on the impact of dollarization on economic growth and development prospects of dollarized emerging economies. It was found out that dollarization was essential in reducing high inflation and unemployment rates to acceptable levels, increased aggregate supply and demand, the gross domestic product (GDP), and living standards of the citizens of developing nations. The study concluded that dollarization contributed significantly to the growth and development of most emerging economies of the world. It was therefore recommended that emerging economies such as Zimbabwe should rationally and effectively dollarize in their desire to attain all the millennium development goals (MDGs), and drive towards elimination of dependence on rich nations, self-reliance, and sustainable development.展开更多
随着2015年联合国千年发展目标（millennium development goals,MDG）设定的终点时间即将到来,围绕千年发展目标的实施进度、如何设定后千年发展目标等议题,国际社会展开了一场大讨论。联合国相关组织、一些国家政府、民间社会组织等纷...随着2015年联合国千年发展目标（millennium development goals,MDG）设定的终点时间即将到来,围绕千年发展目标的实施进度、如何设定后千年发展目标等议题,国际社会展开了一场大讨论。联合国相关组织、一些国家政府、民间社会组织等纷纷加入这场讨论。展开更多
文摘The millennium development goals (MDGs) were eight international development targets for the year 2015 that were established following the adoption of the United Nations Millennium Declaration in 2000.The MDGs are aimed at reducing extreme poverty and set a series of time-bound goals,particularly in health,gender equality,and environmental sustainability [1].The target set for tuberculosis (TB) was to reduce TB prevalence and mortality rates by half by 2015 compared to the 1990 baseline rates [2].China has in fact achieved the TB targets five years ahead of the scheduled timeline [3].From 1990 through 2010,TB case detections had decreased by 65%,from 170 to 59 cases per 100000 population and the mortality rates by almost 80% [4].
文摘Introduction: The problems of adolescents’ sexual behavior are grave and far-reaching. Methods: Review of exiting literature via Google scholar, AJOL, Pubmed, HINARI and other relevant data bases on the common problems of adolescents’ inappropriate sexual behavior. Result: Adolescent sexual behavior could result in adolescent pregnancy which prevalence varies widely throughout Nigeria perhaps due to differences in culture and development. Abortion, the willful termination of pregnancy is another problem which is often undertaken for pregnancies resulting from incest and sexual abuse. Also common is trans-generational sex which occurs when an adolescent has non-marital sex in the last 12 months with a man who is at least 10 years older than her. Also related to this, is transactional sex found in both committed and casual relationships. It is not always done for survival because in some cultures, sex for favor is carried out for reasons other than subsistence. Furthermore, multiple sexual partners are the engagement in sex with more than one partner over a particular time frame. It may be sequential or concurrent. The high prevalence of these problems in Nigeria raises a question of the possibility of achieving the millennium development goals (MDGs) 4, 5 and 6 specifically targeted at reducing child mortality, improving maternal health and combating HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases respectively. Conclusion: Policies and strategies such as family life and HIV/AIDs education (FLHE) curriculum on adolescent reproductive health should be pursued with greater vigor in our secondary schools in addition to establishing HIV counseling centers and vocational training programs for out-of-school adolescents. WHO support and commitment to key action areas for countries and member states will build and strengthen their capacity to improve reproductive and sexual health.
文摘The paper addresses the failure of renewing the same millennium development goals （MDGs） format in measuring achievement in a region like the Middle East and North Africa （MENA） region which is drastically being transformed. A new approach focusing on ＂human security＂ principles based on freedom, dignity, justice, equality, solidarity, tolerance, and respect articulated in the millennium declaration is needed. Achieving this requires a more integrated, inclusive, and comprehensive development framework that is able to analyze and understand the context with its progress and setbacks. The paper realizes that measuring MDGs achievement does not only need a comprehensive integrated approach, but also a defmition of risks and challenges that the region faces. Issues like poverty, inequality, unemployment of graduates, personal and collective insecurity due to conflict, migration, and brain drain, food insecurity, and gender inequality are all issues that need to be redefined when analyzing the region to suit the context. The paper concludes that in order to understand the context, re-definition of concepts like poverty reduction, participation, and empowerment is needed to make concepts more relevant to the context. Lastly, the paper reflects the new call from youth for a new development model that is not based on market economy, ends political economy of the rentier states, and emphasizes a productive oriented economy that is able to generate employment and decent work. It also emphasizes democratic governance as an only path for a sustainable participatory development that can realize ambitions and aspirations of the majority of population.
文摘The United Nations Millennium Development Goals(MDGs)of 2015 sought to eradicate major problems facing the globe.Member states ratifying these goals were tasked to formulate and institute policies aimed at addressing the global economic,political,social,and environmental challenges.Three major goals sought to address fundamental issues on poverty,universal education,and gender equality.The MDGs were succeeded by the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)which are targeted to be achieved by 2030.The intersectionality of the development goals and education cannot be underestimated.Education has been identified as a key strategy for addressing poverty,hunger,and gender equality.Although several countries ratified the MDGs,most did not achieve the goals by 2015.A shift in policy is necessary to close the achievement gap and to help the eff orts for achieving the 2030 SDGs.This paper addresses Zimbabwe’s progress towards the SDGs.Progress on key indicators of quality education,poverty,and inequality of opportunities is presented.Finally,the paper suggests a rights-based education programming framework to help accelerate achievement of the SDGs.
文摘The Millennium Development Goals(MDGs)with their holistic perspective of development are focused on different issues of vulnerability.This article highlights the situation of women in disasters and the challenges in achieving the MDGs with special reference to India.It is accepted that there is no disaster without human engagement and that issues of differential impact on genders is an essential consideration for recovery.The international guidelines on disaster management and intervention have a considerable focus on gender equality,balance,mainstreaming,and sensitive programing,yet the situation is quite grim.India still lacks separate policy guidelines on gender aspects in disaster.In the twenty-first century,India has witnessed a series of disasters in different parts of the country.The author's personal experiences of working in intervention programs of these disasters showed that gender vulnerability depends on various factors like the intensity of the disaster impact,local sociocultural perspectives,effective disaster intervention strategies,the specific focus on issues of women in training of personnel,and gender-sensitive disaster intervention programs in the community.In the context of the MDGs,while development has become a priority concern to end age-old inequalities in society,the added challenge of disasters needs considerable focus on gender inequalities to achieve the goal of gender equity.
文摘Climate change is becoming a serious issue nowadays.There are profound environmental,economic and political implications of global warming. Ecosystems,from mountains to oceans and from the poles to the tropics,are undergoing rapid change.The cost will be borne by all,but especially by the
文摘The paper presents and examines the impact of dollarization on growth and development of emerging economies with specific reference to Zimbabwe’s experience in the period, 2009-2018. The research study explores the theoretical and empirical evidence drawn from countries of the world that dollarized for various economic reasons. The study used a descriptive survey design to analyse the research data drawn from the field on the impact of dollarization on economic growth and development prospects of dollarized emerging economies. It was found out that dollarization was essential in reducing high inflation and unemployment rates to acceptable levels, increased aggregate supply and demand, the gross domestic product (GDP), and living standards of the citizens of developing nations. The study concluded that dollarization contributed significantly to the growth and development of most emerging economies of the world. It was therefore recommended that emerging economies such as Zimbabwe should rationally and effectively dollarize in their desire to attain all the millennium development goals (MDGs), and drive towards elimination of dependence on rich nations, self-reliance, and sustainable development.
