Outputs from a high-resolution data assimilation system,the global Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model and Navy Coupled Ocean Data Assimilation （HYCOM＋NCODA） 1/12° analysis,were analyzed for the period September 200...Outputs from a high-resolution data assimilation system,the global Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model and Navy Coupled Ocean Data Assimilation （HYCOM＋NCODA） 1/12° analysis,were analyzed for the period September 2008 to February 2012.The objectives were to evaluate the performance of the system in simulating ocean circulation in the tropical northwestern Pacific and to examine the seasonal to interannual variations of the western boundary currents.The HYCOM assimilation compares well with altimetry observations and mooring current measurements.The mean structures and standard deviations of velocities of the North Equatorial Current （NEC）,Mindanao Current （MC） and Kuroshio Current （KC） also compare well with previous observations.Seasonal to interannual variations of the NEC transport volume are closely correlated with the MC transport volume,instead of that of the KC.The NEC and MC transport volumes mainly show well-defined annual cycles,with their maxima in spring and minima in fall,and are closely related to the circulation changes in the Mindanao Dome （MD） region.In seasons of transport maxima,the MD region experiences negative SSH anomalies and a cyclonic gyre anomaly,and in seasons of transport minima the situation is reversed.The sea surface NEC bifurcation latitude （NBL） in the HYCOM assimilation also agrees well with altimetry observations.In 2009,the NBL shows an annual cycle similar to previous studies,reaching its southernmost position in summer and its northernmost position in winter.In 2010 and 2011,the NBL variations are dominantly influenced by La Ni（n）a events.The dynamics responsible for the seasonal to interannual variations of the NEC-MC-KC current system are also discussed.展开更多
Results of numerical simulation of currents in the western North Tropical Pacific Ocean by using a barotropic primitive equation model with fine horizontal resolution agreed well with observations and showed that the ...Results of numerical simulation of currents in the western North Tropical Pacific Ocean by using a barotropic primitive equation model with fine horizontal resolution agreed well with observations and showed that the Mindanao Cyclonic Eddy located north of the equator and east of Mindanao Island exists during most of the year with monthly (and large seasonal) variations in scope . strength and central location . In June , an anticyclonic eddy occurs northeast of Halmahera Island, strengthens to maximum in August , exists until October and then disappears . The observed large-scale circulation systems such as the North Equatorial Current . the Mindanao Current and the North Equatorial Countercurrent are all very well reproduced in the simulations.展开更多
Based on nearly 4 year-long moored velocity measurements at 8°N/127°E and a high-resolution ocean model output,a signifi cant 30–50-day variation in the subthermocline current east of Mindanao was identifi ...Based on nearly 4 year-long moored velocity measurements at 8°N/127°E and a high-resolution ocean model output,a signifi cant 30–50-day variation in the subthermocline current east of Mindanao was identifi ed for the fi rst time in addition to the 60–80-day variation reported in previous studies.The 30–50-day variation is an important component and it explains considerable variance same as that of the 60–80-day variation.The 30–50-day variation is vertically coherent in the subthermocline current.The standard deviations of the 30–50-day variation in zonal and meridional directions are of comparable,and is about 4.5–5 cm/s.Eddy-tracking analysis indicated that ocean eddies originating from the North Equatorial Current(10°N–11°N)contribute to the 30–50-day and the 60–80-day variations.The 30–50-day eddies propagate faster than the 60–80-day eddies.展开更多
The ocean general circulation model for the earth simulator（OFES） products is applied to estimate the transports of the Mindanao Current（MC） and the Mindanao undercurrent（MUC） and explore the relation between th...The ocean general circulation model for the earth simulator（OFES） products is applied to estimate the transports of the Mindanao Current（MC） and the Mindanao undercurrent（MUC） and explore the relation between them on seasonal scale. In general, the MUC is composed of the lower part of the Southern Pacific Tropical Water（SPTW）and Antarctic Intermediate Water（AAIW）. While the deep northward core below 1 500 m is regarded as a portion of MUC. Both salinity and potential density restrictions become more reasonable to estimate the transports of MC/MUC as the properties of water mass having been taken into consideration. The climatological annual mean transport of MC is（37.4±5.81）×10~6 m^3/s while that of MUC is（23.92±6.47）×10~6 m^3/s integrated between 26.5 σ_θ and 27.7 σ_θ, and（17.53±5.45）×10~6 m^3/s integrated between 26.5 σ_θ and 27.5 σ_θ in the OFES. The variations of MC and MUC have good positive correlation with each other on the seasonal scale： The MC is stronger in spring and weaker in fall, which corresponds well with the MUC, and the correlation coefficient of them is 0.67 in the OFES.The same variations are also appeared in hybrid coordinate ocean model（HYCOM） results. Two sensitive experiments based on HYCOM are conducted to explore the relation between MC and MUC. The MUC（26.5〈σ_θ〈27.7） is strengthening as the MC increases with the enhancement of zonal wind field. It is shown,however, that the main part of the increasement is the deeper northward high potential density water（HPDW）,while the AAIW almost remains stable, SPTW decreases, and vice versa.展开更多
The low-frequency variability of the North Equatorial Current （NEC） bifurcation during 1958 to 2001 was investigated with the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation （SODA） 2.0.2 dataset. In agreement with recent observati...The low-frequency variability of the North Equatorial Current （NEC） bifurcation during 1958 to 2001 was investigated with the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation （SODA） 2.0.2 dataset. In agreement with recent observations, the NEC bifurcation latitude （NBL） shifted northward as depth increases, from about 12.7°N near the surface to about 17.1°N at depths around 500 m for the annual average. This study reveals that the interannual variations of NBL, with five years period, mainly focused on the upper 500 m with amplitude increasing as depth increased. The NBL shifted southward in the past 40 years, which was more significant in the subsurface at more than -0.02°/a. The NBL manifests itself in the transports of NMK （NEC-Mindanao Current （MC）-Kuroshio） system in strong relationship with MC （0.7） and Kuroshio （-0.7）. The EOF analysis of meridional velocity off the Philippine coast shows that the first mode, explaining 62% of variance and 5 years period, was highly correlated with the southward shift of NBL with coefficient at about 0.75. The southward shift of NBL consists with the weakening of MC and strengthening of Kuroshio, which exhibited linear trends at -0.24Sv/a and 0.11Sv/a. Both interannual variation and trend of NBL were closely related to the variation of NMK system.展开更多
利用1958—2007年间的月平均SODA(Simple Ocean Data Assimilation/海洋同化数据)资料,较系统地研究了北太平洋经向盐量输送的基本特征和季节变化,并探讨了盐量输送季节变化的可能原因。结果表明,北太平洋净经向盐量输送的季节变化具有...利用1958—2007年间的月平均SODA(Simple Ocean Data Assimilation/海洋同化数据)资料,较系统地研究了北太平洋经向盐量输送的基本特征和季节变化,并探讨了盐量输送季节变化的可能原因。结果表明,北太平洋净经向盐量输送的季节变化具有明显的区域性特征,在14°N以南海域盐量输送的季节变化较显著,而在14°N以北海域则较小;北太平洋净经向盐量输送的季节变化在很大程度上是由同一纬度上Ekman盐量输送和中东太平洋经向盐量输送的季节变化引起的。展开更多
基金sponsored by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No.2013M530331)a project of the State Strategic Program of Global Change (Grant No.2013CB956202)
文摘Outputs from a high-resolution data assimilation system,the global Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model and Navy Coupled Ocean Data Assimilation （HYCOM＋NCODA） 1/12° analysis,were analyzed for the period September 2008 to February 2012.The objectives were to evaluate the performance of the system in simulating ocean circulation in the tropical northwestern Pacific and to examine the seasonal to interannual variations of the western boundary currents.The HYCOM assimilation compares well with altimetry observations and mooring current measurements.The mean structures and standard deviations of velocities of the North Equatorial Current （NEC）,Mindanao Current （MC） and Kuroshio Current （KC） also compare well with previous observations.Seasonal to interannual variations of the NEC transport volume are closely correlated with the MC transport volume,instead of that of the KC.The NEC and MC transport volumes mainly show well-defined annual cycles,with their maxima in spring and minima in fall,and are closely related to the circulation changes in the Mindanao Dome （MD） region.In seasons of transport maxima,the MD region experiences negative SSH anomalies and a cyclonic gyre anomaly,and in seasons of transport minima the situation is reversed.The sea surface NEC bifurcation latitude （NBL） in the HYCOM assimilation also agrees well with altimetry observations.In 2009,the NBL shows an annual cycle similar to previous studies,reaching its southernmost position in summer and its northernmost position in winter.In 2010 and 2011,the NBL variations are dominantly influenced by La Ni（n）a events.The dynamics responsible for the seasonal to interannual variations of the NEC-MC-KC current system are also discussed.
文摘Results of numerical simulation of currents in the western North Tropical Pacific Ocean by using a barotropic primitive equation model with fine horizontal resolution agreed well with observations and showed that the Mindanao Cyclonic Eddy located north of the equator and east of Mindanao Island exists during most of the year with monthly (and large seasonal) variations in scope . strength and central location . In June , an anticyclonic eddy occurs northeast of Halmahera Island, strengthens to maximum in August , exists until October and then disappears . The observed large-scale circulation systems such as the North Equatorial Current . the Mindanao Current and the North Equatorial Countercurrent are all very well reproduced in the simulations.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41576014,41976011)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFA0604102)。
文摘Based on nearly 4 year-long moored velocity measurements at 8°N/127°E and a high-resolution ocean model output,a signifi cant 30–50-day variation in the subthermocline current east of Mindanao was identifi ed for the fi rst time in addition to the 60–80-day variation reported in previous studies.The 30–50-day variation is an important component and it explains considerable variance same as that of the 60–80-day variation.The 30–50-day variation is vertically coherent in the subthermocline current.The standard deviations of the 30–50-day variation in zonal and meridional directions are of comparable,and is about 4.5–5 cm/s.Eddy-tracking analysis indicated that ocean eddies originating from the North Equatorial Current(10°N–11°N)contribute to the 30–50-day and the 60–80-day variations.The 30–50-day eddies propagate faster than the 60–80-day eddies.
基金The program of Global Change and Air-Sea Interaction under contract No.GASI-03-01-01-05the National Basic Research Program of China under contract No.2012CB417404+1 种基金the Research Project of Chinese Ministry of Education under contract No.113041Athe National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41276011,41521091 and U1406401
文摘The ocean general circulation model for the earth simulator（OFES） products is applied to estimate the transports of the Mindanao Current（MC） and the Mindanao undercurrent（MUC） and explore the relation between them on seasonal scale. In general, the MUC is composed of the lower part of the Southern Pacific Tropical Water（SPTW）and Antarctic Intermediate Water（AAIW）. While the deep northward core below 1 500 m is regarded as a portion of MUC. Both salinity and potential density restrictions become more reasonable to estimate the transports of MC/MUC as the properties of water mass having been taken into consideration. The climatological annual mean transport of MC is（37.4±5.81）×10~6 m^3/s while that of MUC is（23.92±6.47）×10~6 m^3/s integrated between 26.5 σ_θ and 27.7 σ_θ, and（17.53±5.45）×10~6 m^3/s integrated between 26.5 σ_θ and 27.5 σ_θ in the OFES. The variations of MC and MUC have good positive correlation with each other on the seasonal scale： The MC is stronger in spring and weaker in fall, which corresponds well with the MUC, and the correlation coefficient of them is 0.67 in the OFES.The same variations are also appeared in hybrid coordinate ocean model（HYCOM） results. Two sensitive experiments based on HYCOM are conducted to explore the relation between MC and MUC. The MUC（26.5〈σ_θ〈27.7） is strengthening as the MC increases with the enhancement of zonal wind field. It is shown,however, that the main part of the increasement is the deeper northward high potential density water（HPDW）,while the AAIW almost remains stable, SPTW decreases, and vice versa.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.NSFC40890152the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences under contract No.KZCX2-YW-Q11-02
文摘The low-frequency variability of the North Equatorial Current （NEC） bifurcation during 1958 to 2001 was investigated with the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation （SODA） 2.0.2 dataset. In agreement with recent observations, the NEC bifurcation latitude （NBL） shifted northward as depth increases, from about 12.7°N near the surface to about 17.1°N at depths around 500 m for the annual average. This study reveals that the interannual variations of NBL, with five years period, mainly focused on the upper 500 m with amplitude increasing as depth increased. The NBL shifted southward in the past 40 years, which was more significant in the subsurface at more than -0.02°/a. The NBL manifests itself in the transports of NMK （NEC-Mindanao Current （MC）-Kuroshio） system in strong relationship with MC （0.7） and Kuroshio （-0.7）. The EOF analysis of meridional velocity off the Philippine coast shows that the first mode, explaining 62% of variance and 5 years period, was highly correlated with the southward shift of NBL with coefficient at about 0.75. The southward shift of NBL consists with the weakening of MC and strengthening of Kuroshio, which exhibited linear trends at -0.24Sv/a and 0.11Sv/a. Both interannual variation and trend of NBL were closely related to the variation of NMK system.
文摘利用1958—2007年间的月平均SODA(Simple Ocean Data Assimilation/海洋同化数据)资料,较系统地研究了北太平洋经向盐量输送的基本特征和季节变化,并探讨了盐量输送季节变化的可能原因。结果表明,北太平洋净经向盐量输送的季节变化具有明显的区域性特征,在14°N以南海域盐量输送的季节变化较显著,而在14°N以北海域则较小;北太平洋净经向盐量输送的季节变化在很大程度上是由同一纬度上Ekman盐量输送和中东太平洋经向盐量输送的季节变化引起的。
