Optimization of Chromate Reduction by Whole Cells of <i>Arthrobacter</i>sp. SUK 1205 Isolated from Metalliferous Chromite Mine Environment

Arthrobacter sp. SUK 1205 isolated from metalliferous chromite mine environment of Orissa, India showed wide degree of tolerance to heavy metals including Cr(VI), variety of antibiotics and was also capable of reducing Cr(VI) during growth. Freshly grown whole cells of this bacterium were evaluated for chromate reduction under batch culture using Vogel Bonner (V. B.) broth as the base. Cells of SUK 1205 were capable of completely reducing 100 μM Cr(VI) in V. B. broth within 48 h of incubation. Reduction of chromate increased with increase in cell density which attained maximum at 1010 cells/ml, however, reverse was the phenomenon when the concentration of Cr(VI) increased gradually. Glycerol, glycine and glucose promoted chromate reduction efficiency of the cells when used as electron donors. Optimum pH and temperature were found to be 7.0 and 35°C respectively. The process of reduction was inhibited by Ni(II), Mn(II), Zn(II) and Co(II), but Cu(II) and Fe(III) was promotive in nature. On the other hand, 2, 4-dinitrophenol was found to be neither promotive nor inhibitory for the reduction process, but carbonyl cyanide-m-chloro phenyl hydrazone, sodium azide, sodium fluoride and N,N,-dicyclohexyl carboiimide were inhibitory. Cells of SUK 1205 when permeabilized with toluene, triton X-100 and tween 80 showed an enhancement of the process and thereby indicated that reduction of Cr(VI) was mainly associated with soluble component of the cells. Arthrobacter sp. SUK 1205, therefore, showed great promise for use in Cr(VI) detoxification under a wide range of environmental conditions.

Radiological and X-Ray Diffraction Characterization of Bauxite and Rutile Ore Contaminated Environment in Kanam and Wase Mineral Exploration Sites, Plateau State-Nigeria

Two non-destructive analytical techniques (gamma spectrometer and X-ray diffractometer) were employed in the analysis of bauxite and rutile ore and their vicinity soil and control sourced within the Kanam and Wase mineral exploration sites. The activity concentrations of natural radionuclides 238U, 232Th, and 40K in the soil samples received from bauxite and rutile mineral mining vicinities revealed high concentrations of 238U, 232Th, and 40K compared to the control soil samples sourced 500 m away from the mineral exploration vicinities. Radiological detriments RLI, AUI, Hin and Hex unveiled values exceeding the radiation standard concentration (>1) for soil. X-ray diffraction characterization of bauxite ore revealed the interlocking minerals of Bauxite (18)%, Albite (11)%, Garnet (15)%, Illite (6)% and Muscovite (43)% in various proportions obtained within the 2θ range (9.18 to 64.4) and a peak value (intensity, cps) of 3400. Pure bauxite percentage in the ore meets metallurgical grade (15 - 25)%. X-ray diffraction of rutile ore revealed the minerals of rutile (40)%, quartz (21.4)%, ilmenite (27)% and garnet (11.8)% found within the 2θ range (27.5 to 35.6) and a peak value intensity of 31.1 - 100.0 cps also meeting the metallurgical grade of 15% - 25%. The major environmental concern associated with the mineral-sands industry is the radiation hazards, pollution of ground-water sources from heavy metals, mineral transport with heavy equipment’s, dredging operations in fragile coastal area and clearing of vegetation.

Environmental assessment and nano-mineralogical characterization of coal,overburden and sediment from Indian coal mining acid drainage

The deterioration of environmental conditions is the major contributory factor to poor health and quality of life that hinders sustainable development in any region.Coal mining is one of the major industries that contribute to the economy of a country but it also impacts the environment.The chemical parameters of the coal,overburden,soil and sediments along with the coal mine drainage(CMD)were investigated in order to understand the overall environmental impact from high sulphur coal mining at northeastern coalfield(India).It was found that the total sulphur content of the coal is noticeably high compared to the overburden(OB)and soil.The volatile matter of the coal is sufficiently high against the high ash content of the soil and overburden.The water samples have a High Electrical Conductivity(EC)and high Total Dissolve Solid(TDS).Lower values of pH,indicate the dissolution of minerals present in the coal as well as other minerals in the mine rejects/overburden.The chemical and nano-mineralogical composition of coal,soil and overburden samples was studied using a High Resolution-Transmission Electron Microscopy(HR-TEM),Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy(EDS),Selected-Area Diffraction(SAED),Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscopy(FE-SEM)/EDS,X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR),Raman and Ion-Chromatographic analysis,and Mossbauer spectroscopy.From different geochemical analysis it has been found that the mine water sample from Ledo colliery has the lowest pH value of 3.30,Tirap colliery samples have the highest electrical conductivity value of5.40 ms cm^(-1)Both Ledo and Tirap coals have total sulphur contents within the range 3-3.50%.The coal mine water from Tirap colliery(TW-15 B)has high values of Mg^(2+)(450 ppm),and Br^-(227.17 ppm).XRD analysis revealed the presence of minerals including quartz and hematite in the coals.Mineral analysis of coal mine overburden(OB)indicates the presence both of pyrite and marcasite which was also confirmed in XRD and Mossbauer spectral analysis.The presented data of the minerals and ultra/nano-particles present shows their ability to control the mobility of hazardous elements,suggesting possible use in environmental management technology,including restoration of the delicate Indian coal mine areas.

New Constraints on the Environmental Impact of Iron Oxides and Lead-Zinc Mines in Red Sea Hills,Egypt

Iron oxides and lead-zinc deposits in host rocks located in ten drainage basins in the coastal plain of the Red Sea,Egypt,have been subjected to important mining activities.The drainage basins were analyzed to estimate the transportations of these minerals. Fourteen soil samples and fifteen plant samples were collected from sites located in the basin and also in neighboring area and chemically analyzed.In

Geochemical and Environmental Evaluation of Um Shashoba Gold Mine Area,Southeastern Desert,Egypt

A suite of elements（Ag,Au,Ba,Bi,Cd,Co,Cr,Cu,Ga,Hf,Hg,Mn,Mo,Ni,Pb,Rb,Sb,Se, Sr,Te and Zn）,total organic carbon（TOC）and pH were analyzed in stream sediment and tailing samples from Um Shashoba area,in order to evaluate Au placer and the sediments being impacted by old mining activities.Analytical results were examined using statistical,graphical and mapping methods.In spite of the results revealing that Au and most of the elements in sediments were in general significantly lower than those in tailing,Au was concentrated in the NE and SW parts forming Au placer.It is remarkably a close association of Au with Hg and Sb;both are useful as pathfinder elements for Au placers.Values of pH could not control a fate of analyzed elements,whereas TOC and Mn oxides and hydroxides could uptake some elements Au,Ba,Co,Cr,Hg,Ni,and Sr.The results also indicated that the sediments were contaminated by anthropogenic factors causing moderate,strong to very strong pollution with respect to Bi,Se and Te,respectively.Additionally,geogenic factors could also contribute elemental enrichment to the drainage system and cause significant toxicity level.

安徽矾矿土壤重金属污染源解析模型对比与优选

矿区资源开采导致土壤污染日益严重,直接影响周边土壤、水体环境的稳定性,精准预测重金属污染源解析对矿山修复、治理具有重要指导作用。在前期研究基础上,为提升土壤介质模型的解释度,进一步选取了土壤重金属源解析评价中成熟度高且精准性好的正定矩阵因子分析法(positive matrix factorization, PMF)及绝对因子分析-多元线性回归(absolute factor analysis-multiple linear regression, APCS-MLR)模型,以充实前期UNMIX多元受体模型分析矾矿土壤重金属污染来源及源贡献率的结果,结合生态风险评价方法,对比定量条件下最适宜解析研究区域源的模型。结果表明:1)生态高风险区域主要集中在研究区南部和东部,Cd是矿山主要风险元素,地累积指数(index of geoaccumulation)均值3.75与潜在生态风险指数(potential ecological risk index)均值731.22解析结果高度一致,但潜在生态危害指数的结果综合性更好。2)对比3种模型的污染源解析结果,PMF模型解析出4个污染源:分别为燃煤源、自然-交通综合源、自然源和大气沉降源,源贡献率分别为38.15%、20.62%、24.28%、16.95%。3)PMF模型的总体变量拟合优度R2达到了0.96,拟合效果最好。PMF模型模拟数据会集中采样点误差,确定最适污染源数目及相应污染物贡献率,使得源解析结果更精准,更适用于复杂的矿山污染土壤情况,符合实际研究情况。该研究结果可为后续矿区开采后污染土壤的修复治理工作提供溯源依据参考。

Importance of Public Engagement in Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) and the Benefits of Stakeholder Involvement in Project Design, Environmental Soundness, and Social Acceptability

The paper discusses the importance of public engagement in environmental impact assessments (EIAs) and the benefits of stakeholder involvement in project design, environmental soundness, and social acceptability. It highlights the negative repercussions of mining activities in Ghana, including health consequences such as skin conditions, fever, coughs, diarrhea, malaria, and catarrh, as well as HIV/AIDS infection among those engaged in or connected to prostitution in mining towns. The environmental effects of mining in Ghana include noise pollution from heavy trucks, contamination of water bodies with chemicals from mineral refining, pollution of agricultural soils leading to reduced food productivity, and wildlife depletion from deforestation. The activities of small-scale miners, particularly those engaged in illicit mining, have a negative impact on water quality and increase the cost of water treatment for public consumption. Mining operations have detrimental effects on the social, cultural, and natural ecosystems in Ghana, affecting the quality of life of local communities. The study takes into consideration the impact of mining activities on the environment and natural resources in Ghana, as these are vital to the livelihoods of Ghanaian communities. Stakeholders in Tarkwa claim that mining operations have distorted the natural path of the river, leading to excessive pollution and making the water unfit for consumption. Ghana’s economy depends heavily on mining, which also contributes significantly to GDP and generates jobs for a large number of people. But mining also has a lot of negative repercussions, the effects of mining extend beyond the mineralized zone initially explored, highlighting the need to consider the environmental impact at every phase of the mining process.

License to Mine: A Comparison of the Scope of the Environmental Assessment in Sweden, Finland and Russia

The regulatory framework for mining operations is complex;the licensing process in particular typically involves several laws and a number of permits. This paper assumes that the regulatory framework is strongly influenced by the institutional framework of which it is part, and that it suffers from an institutional path dependence that may decrease the efficiency of the system as well as act barrier to the implementation of necessary environmental requirements. The paper provides: 1) a legal analysis of the regulatory framework governing mining operations in Sweden, Finland and Russia;and 2) a comparative analysis of the scope of the environmental assessment within the licensing process in the examined countries. The result of the analysis of the regulatory frameworks shows great similarity between the Swedish and the Finnish systems, both in terms of the overall structure and the implementation of substantive environmental rules. The Russian system differs in this respect, with more declarative rules and seemingly less substantive assessments. The results also indicate that the regulatory frameworks in all three countries show signs of institutional path dependence, but in very different degrees. Though Russia has indeed implemented major changes in the formal structure, very little has changed in practice. The Swedish regulatory framework for mining shows a deficient systematics and conflicting objectives, despite the implementation of a comprehensive environmental legislation. The recently reformed Finnish system seems to have a more holistic approach.

旬阳铅锌矿带地质环境问题现状及治理对策

旬阳铅锌矿带铅锌矿资源多年粗放式开发,导致地质环境问题逐步显现,主要表现为由采矿活动引发的地质环境污染、矿山土地资源损毁及矿山地质灾害隐患等。对旬阳铅锌矿带环境问题现状进行了详细分析和总结,并提出相应的地质环境治理对策。

滴灌技术在矿山环境治理项目中的应用研究

目前,矿山环境治理项目在养护过程中,绝大部分仍采用水罐车拉水、结合人工灌溉方式,极少采用农田灌溉中日益发展完善的喷灌、滴灌等高效节水灌溉技术,灌溉效率低和用水浪费的问题普遍存在。通过滴灌技术与常规养护方式在节水、省工及绿化等方面的对比研究,评价滴灌技术在矿山环境治理绿化养护过程中的适用性,为滴灌技术在矿山环境治理项目的推广应用提供技术支撑和模式借鉴。

矿山地质环境保护与恢复治理对策研究:以秦岭南麓某金矿为例

针对秦岭南麓某金矿存在的矿山地质环境问题,通过资料收集和矿山地质环境现场调查,在对矿山地质环境进行现状评估和预测评估的基础上,分析总结了矿山地质环境问题,梳理了地质灾害类型、规模、分布、危害情况和发育趋势。结合矿山实际情况,提出泥石流隐患、地面塌陷、滑坡及尾矿库废水的防治对策,通过开展地质灾害隐患治理,修复被破坏的地形地貌、植被复绿,逐步恢复矿区水土保持功能,可最大限度地削弱或降低矿山地质环境问题造成的影响。该研究可为类似矿山恢复治理工作提供参考和借鉴。

南非矿山环境管理制度研究及启示

完善的矿山环境管理体制对保障矿山绿色可持续发展具有重要意义。概述了南非矿山环境保护监管体系、法律法规,及典型的环境保护制度,以此为样本对比分析了我国矿山环境管理存在的问题,提出了在矿山监管中强化多部门协同、在政策制定中强化科技创新、完善矿山闭矿程序和要求的建议。

废弃矿山环境修复工作系统探讨

废弃矿山环境修复是还自然环境“历史旧账”的过程,是环境保护的一项至关重要的工作,该工作涉及领域广泛、投入资金量大、修复时间长、工作任务艰巨。为了优化废弃矿山环境修复工作方式,确保该项工作能够有序高效进行,首先,总结以往废弃矿山环境修复模式在构建过程中的不足之处,包括模式选定流程的缺乏和模式相对应技术的不明确;其次,建立一套能够快速且准确构建的修复模式,并且根据修复模式准确锁定修复技术的工作系统,该工作系统是以矿山的实际环境情况和矿山环境修复基本原则为基础、以修复目标为导向、以修复模式为框架、以修复技术为手段的优化组合;最后,以甘肃省定西市岷县某金矿历史遗留矿山的环境修复工程为实例,分析该工作系统对于废弃矿山环境修复工作的效果。废弃矿山环境修复工作系统的合理性与科学性对建成“绿水青山”的生态环境目标和“可持续发展”的经济建设目标有着深远的影响。

煤矿固体废弃物理化特征及生态环境影响研究

煤矿固体废弃物是煤炭开采、洗选和利用过程中产生的一种工业固体废弃物。我国煤矿固体废弃物虽然利用率逐年上升,但现阶段的堆存量仍然很大,它不仅侵占土地资源,还会造成严重的环境污染。本文通过系统检索知网、Web of Science和Google Scholar数据库,收集了2014—2024年间关于煤矿固体废弃物理化特征及生态环境影响方面的研究文献,综合分析发现,煤矿固体废弃物对环境的影响主要表现在:①煤矿固体废弃物在堆存过程中产生的多环芳烃、SO_(2)等气体和细颗粒物,会对大气产生污染;②煤矿固体废弃物中的重金属在淋滤过程中会污染周围地下水;③煤矿固体废弃物中的Cd、Cr、Hg等重金属元素会通过风化、浸出等过程向周围土壤迁移释放,造成严重的重金属污染。基于安全、环保、监测等相关规定,结合目前综合利用和处理现状,提出了今后煤矿固体废弃物的研究重点。

矿山环境正效应开发利用适宜性评价理论与方法

改革开放以来,矿产资源开发为国家经济发展做出巨大贡献,由于多数矿产资源具有不可再生性,相当数量的矿山面临着资源枯竭、关闭。如何开发利用这些矿山所留下的矿山环境正效应资源将成为延长矿业产业链、保障能源绿色低碳发展、实现“碳达峰、碳中和”战略目标的重要支撑。为了科学开发矿山适宜的环境正效应资源,以矿山环境正效应开发利用中的“资源、能源、科普文娱、生态碳汇”4类目标为研究对象,基于矿山供给本体特征、特定市场需求及开发利用条件的“供给(Supply)-需求(Demand)-开发(Development)”(SDD)约束组合,创建了包含6类一级约束、38个相应属性二级约束的矿山环境正效应开发利用评价约束体系;根据开发利用目标导向的原则,依据目标特征组建了18项实施项目单目标评价指标集;构建了单目标适宜性评价模型,引入三角模糊数确定指标权重,并依据适宜性指数划定了“适宜、较适宜、较困难、困难”四类适宜性分级标准。此外,鉴于矿山环境正效应开发利用系统复杂性,剖析了各开发利用目标的逻辑关系,提出了基于经济、生态、社会效益综合最优理念的矿山环境正效应开发利用多目标线性评价理论,通过理想点法或单目标线性规划求解,获取矿山环境正效应开发利用多目标效益综合最优解或最适宜集。最后,从国家战略、社会需求、流域生态、正效应市场开发等角度,展望了矿山环境正效应开发利用及其系统评价落地的重要意义。

Environmental issues from coal mining and their solutions

The environmental challenges from coal mining include coal mine accidents,land subsidence,damage to the water environment,mining waste disposal and air pollution.These are either environmental pollution or landscape change.A conceptual framework for solving mine environmental issues is proposed.Clean processes,or remediation measures,are designed to address environmental pollution.Restoration measures are proposed to handle landscape change.The total methane drainage from 56 Chinese high methane concentration coal mines is about 101.94 million cubic meters.Of this methane,19.32 million,35.58 million and 6.97 million cubic meters are utilized for electricity generation,civil fuel supplies and other industrial purposes,respectively.About 39% of the methane is emitted into the atmosphere.The production of coal mining wastes can be decreased 10% by reuse of mining wastes as underground fills,or by using the waste as fuel for power plants or for raw material to make bricks or other infrastructure materials.The proper use of mined land must be decided in terms of local physical and socio-economical conditions.In European countries more than 50% of previously mined lands are reclaimed as forest or grass lands.However,in China more than 70% of the mined lands are reclaimed for agricultural purposes because the large population and a shortage of farmlands make this necessary.Reconstruction of rural communities or native residential improvement is one environmental problem arising from mining.We suggest two ways to reconstruct a farmer's house in China.

磁改性生物质炭渣对酸性矿山废水中Cu^(2+)、Pb^(2+)的吸附研究

针对酸性矿山废水(Acid Mine Drainage, AMD)中Cu^(2+)和Pb^(2+)含量过高,生物质炭渣吸附能力有限等问题,以工业固体废弃物生物质炭渣为原材料,采用高锰酸钾和硫酸亚铁对生物质炭渣进行磁改性,制备生物质炭渣负载MnFe_(2)O_(4)的复合磁性材料(BC-MF),并将BC-MF作为去除酸性矿山废水环境中Cu^(2+)和Pb^(2+)的吸附剂。基于单因素试验方法,探究pH值、温度、初始质量浓度、吸附时间、共存金属离子等因素对BC-MF吸附Cu^(2+)和Pb^(2+)性能的影响,并将吸附动力学、吸附热力学、吸附等温线与扫描电子显微镜(Scanning Electron Microscopy, SEM)、X射线衍射(X-ray Diffraction, XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, FT-IR)、磁滞回线测试(Vibrating Sample Magnetometer, VSM)、Zeta电位(Zeta potential)等表征方法结合,研究MnFe_(2)O_(4)磁改性生物质炭渣吸附Cu^(2+)、Pb^(2+)的机理。结果显示,改性后的BC-MF对Cu^(2+)和Pb^(2+)的去除率均提升20百分点以上,且吸附饱和质量比分别为18.04 mg/g和24.98 mg/g。表征结果显示:MnFe_(2)O_(4)磁性颗粒成功负载到BC-MF上,并使之具有磁性;BC-MF对Cu^(2+)和Pb^(2+)吸附过程均符合Langmuir等温吸附方程和准二级动力学模型,吸附过程是为化学吸附为主的单层均相吸附;热力学结果表明该吸附过程属于自发进行的熵增过程。

尾矿在环保、建材领域资源化利用研究新进展

随着我国矿业行业的绿色转型,尾矿的资源化、减量化和无害化处理已成为亟待解决的科技挑战。当前我国尾矿存储总量已超过200亿t,导致了严重的环境污染和资源浪费。为拓展尾矿在环保、建筑材料领域的高效利用,减轻尾矿处理的环境和经济负担,开辟尾矿的资源化创新路径,推动绿色矿山建设,实现资源的可持续利用与环境保护的平衡,聚焦尾矿在环保和建筑材料领域的资源化利用,研发了尾矿基环境功能材料和高附加值建筑材料制备关键技术,涵盖尾矿脱色剂、重金属吸附材料、陶瓷釉料、发泡陶瓷和高密实混凝土等技术。首先,尾矿与偏高岭土和表面活性剂混合,通过碱溶工艺研发高效食品废水脱色剂,脱色效率超过95%。针对废水中的重金属污染,通过高温焙烧和后处理工艺提升尾矿的吸附性能,可有效去除污水中的铅、镉等重金属。其次,尾矿被用作陶瓷釉料的替代原料,通过优化配方和烧制工艺,开发低成本且环保的陶瓷釉料。通过优化发泡陶瓷的配方和烧制工艺,成功制备出具有优良强度、保温性和防火性的材料,其尾矿掺入量高达65%,节省原料成本40%~50%。通过将尾矿与其他矿物原料结合,开发出耐腐蚀、低孔隙的新型高密实混凝土,强度提升5%~20%,水渗透系数减小10%~35%,适用于海洋工程等恶劣环境。尾矿在环保、建筑材料领域的资源化利用不仅解决了环境问题,还为绿色矿业和可持续发展提供了创新技术路径。研发的尾矿综合利用技术将尾矿资源化应用于多个领域,包括环保(废水脱色、重金属吸附)和建筑材料(陶瓷釉料、发泡陶瓷、高密实混凝土)。通过优化尾矿的配方和工艺,显著提高了尾矿的环保性和性能,特别是在食品废水脱色、污水中重金属吸附和发泡陶瓷强度、保温性等方面表现突出,开辟了尾矿高效利用的新途径,不仅提升了尾矿的附加值,还为环保和建筑材料行业提供了可行的解决方案,推动了绿色矿山建设,促进了矿产资源的可持续利用。通过将尾矿替代传统材料,成功降低了生产成本并提升了环保性,具有较强的市场竞争力,助力绿色矿业的发展,为环境保护和可持续发展贡献了创新的技术路径。

考虑环境参数的农业生产数据深度挖掘仿真

农业生产数据受到多种因素的影响,如气候、土壤、病虫害等,这些因素会导致数据存在较大的误差和不确定性,从而影响数据挖掘的准确性。为了能够获取精准的农业生产数据深度挖掘结果,提出一种环境参数影响下农业生产数据深度挖掘算法。分析环境参数对农业生产数据和农业生产数据深度挖掘的影响。采用支持向量机聚类和数据域描述方法,对全部农业生产数据展开样本数据归类处理。根据原始空间农业生产数据属性值的极值,确定样本的属性范围。利用获取的支持向量提取规则,完成农业生产数据深度挖掘。实验结果表明,所提算法的农业生产数据拟合度大于0.75,且挖掘准确性保持在0.9以上,表明上述算法可以获取高精度和高效率的农业生产数据深度挖掘结果。