Spatiotemporal mapping of(ultra‐)mafic magmatic mine areas:Implications of economic and political realities in China

The spatiotemporal extension/expansion of mine areas is affected by multiple factors.So far,very little has been done to examine the interaction between mine areas and political or economic realities.The(ultra‐)mafic magmatic mines in China played a specific role in supporting national development and providing an ideal research subject for monitoring their interrelationship.In this study,remote sensing and mining‐related GIS data were used to identify and analyze 1233(ultra‐)mafic magmatic mine area polygons in China,which covered approximately 322.96 km2 of land and included a V–Ti–Fe mine,a copper–nickel mine,a chromite mine,an asbestos mine,and a diamond mine.It was found that(1)the areal expansion of mines is significantly related to the mine types,perimeter,topography,and population density.(2)The mine area variation also reflects market and policy realities.The temporal expansion of the mine area from 2010 to 2020 followed an S‐shaped pattern(with the turning point occurring in 2014),closely related to iron overcapacity and tightened mining policies.(3)The complexity(D)of the mine area may reflect mine design and excavation practices.To be specific,lower D indicates early‐stage or artisanal/small‐scale mining,whereas higher D represents large‐scale mining.This study demonstrates that the detailed mapping of mine land can serve as an indicator to implement miningrelated market and policy changes.The(ultra‐)mafic mines area data set can be accessed at https://zenodo.org/record/7636616#.Y-p0uXaZOa0.

Mercury Exposures in Population from Tieling Coal Mine Area,Liaoning,China

Mercury( Hg) concentrations were determined in human hair,blood and urine samples from Tieling coal mine area,to assess the potential health risks associated with Hg due to coal mining activities. The total Hg levels in hair( average 0. 87 μg / g) and blood( average 3. 74 μg /L) of coal miners were quite low at around the same levels as the general population, but the urine Hg levels( average 12. 13 μg /L) were much higher than those from administrators and control group. This study indicated that workers mainly exposed to inorganic Hg through long-time inhalation contaminated air and dust; however other population mainly exposed to methylmercury( Me Hg).

Study on the forecasting and maintenance system of special railway subsidence in mine area

The fully mechanized caving coal mining under the railway in mine area will result in difficulty maintenance of railway because of great distortion and subsidence speed of terrene and railway. If the subsidence forecasting is incorrect and maintenance measure is not suitable in the preceding and the process of mining, the normal operation of the railway in mine area will not be ensured and perhaps the safety accident will be resulted. The railway subsidence forecasting and maintenance system for fully mechanized caving coal face are studied and developed in this connection. Based on the accurate subsidence forecasting of the terrene and railway, the maintenance measure for track and switch turnout in railway is put forward in this system.

Development Strategy of Post-Coal Mine Area in Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia

East Kalimantan province is one of the largest coal deposit reserve source, especially in the mining and quarrying sector. Mining sector is a strategic sector in East Kalimantan but post coal mining land has the problem for land using. The research method used survey method and laboratory test on 21 entities/companies with the status of cooperative and non-cooperative approach and land resource evaluation on 30 respondent keys （key informant）. Analysis of data is using the evaluation of land potential： Analytical Hierarchy Process （AHP）, IRR, NPV and BCR. The results showed that there are 2 scenarios decisions in the development of coal mining region that is the optimistic scenario on 2 aspects namely： （1） tourism （recreational parks and historical tours） and （2） aspects of the fishery （tilapia, goldfish, catfish）. Then, in the moderate scenario, there are 3 aspects of development： （1） services （administration and housing）; （2） fisheries （cork fish and damselfish） and （3） agriculture （guava, melinjo and dragon fruit）. Optimizing the utilization of post-coal mining land in the regency of Kutai Kartanegara can be carried out with reference to these two types of scenarios as a manifestation of an engine of regional development.

Characteristics of the ore forming fluid from the zinc poly-metallic deposit in the Mopan mine area,Guangxi Nandan

Fluid inclusions from samples from the layered and veined mineralized belt in the Mopan mine area were studied using microscopic temperature measurements and laser Raman spectroscopy.Further studies were conducted on the nature and source of the ore forming fluid and on the mechanism of deposit formation.The results show that there are three types of inclusions that occur in both the layered and veined ore body.These are liquid inclusions,CO 2 inclusions with a liquid phase,and NaCl-H 2 O multiphase inclusions.The fluid inclusions in both the layered and veined ore bodies have similar characteristics.The ore forming fluid is strongly reducing,was exposed to low to medium temperatures,salinity,and pressures.The source of this ore forming fluid was a mix of submarine volcanic spring(blow-piping),magmatic hydrothermal jet,and underground water.

Evaluation of the potential risks of heavy metal contamination in rice paddy soils around an abandoned Hg mine area in Southwest China

To assess the potential ecological and health risks of trace elements(Hg,Cd,As,Mn,Sb,Pb,Cu,Ni,Cr,and Zn),a total of 138 soil samples from rice paddies were collected during the rice harvest season in the Wanshan mining area,Guizhou Province,Southwest China.Factors of the pollution load index(PLI),geo-accumulation index(I-Geo),enrichment factor(EF),and risk index(RI)were determined.High concentrations of Hg,Sb,As,Zn,Cd,Cu,and Mn were observed in the soils.The PLI,I-Geo,and EF results all showed high levels of contamination by Hg and Sb and moderate levels of contamination by As,Pb,Zn,Cu,Cd,and Mn.There was no significant contamination from Ni and Cr.The RI was very high,with Hg as the dominant pollutant,as expected,indicating that the historical large-scale Hg mining,as well as artisanal mining,has had a significant impact on the Wanshan area.Moreover,coal combustion,manganese factories,and the use of agrochemicals by the local population could also have an impact on the soil through the introduction of heavy metal loads.To address the current state of contamination,pollutant remediation and the regulation control of the anthropogenic activities in Wanshan are urgently needed.

Stochastic processes shape the functional and phylogenetic structure of bird assemblages at the mine area in southwest China

Understanding the mechanisms of community assembly is a key question in ecology.Metal pollution may result in significant changes in bird community structure and diversity,with implications for ecosystem processes and function.However,the relative importance of these pro-cesses in shaping the bird community at the polluted area is still not clear.Here,we explored bird species richness,functional,and phylogenetic diversity,and the assembly processes of community at the mine region of southwest China.Our results showed that the 3 dimensions of diversity at the mine area were lower than that at the reference sites.In the community assembly,the result was O<NRI/NFR1<1.96,which indicated deterministic processes(environmental filtering)might drive community clustering.The results of the neutral community model,and normalized stochasticity ratio,showed the dominant role of stochastic processes in shaping the bird community assembly.We further quanti-fied the community-level habitat niche breadth(Bcom),and we found that there was no difference in Bcom-value between the mine area and reference sites.This indicates that the bird communities at the mine area and 3 reference sites were not subjected to extreme environmental selection(same or different resource allocation)to form a highly specialized niche.These findings provide insights into the distribution patterns and dominant ecological processes of bird communities under metal exposure,and extend the knowledge in community assembly mechanisms of bird communities living in the mine area.

Discussion on the application prospect of the transient electromagnetic method based on the dual launcher and mine advanced detection

The dual transmitter implements the equivalent anti-magnetic flux transient electromagnetic method, which can effectively reduce the scope of the transient electromagnetic detection blind area. However, this method is rarely reported in the detection of pipelines in urban geophysical exploration and the application of coal mines. Based on this, this paper realizes the equivalent anti-magnetic flux transient electromagnetic method based on the dual launcher. The suppression effect of this method on the blind area is analyzed by physical simulation. And the detection experiment of underground pipelines is carried out outdoors. The results show that the dual launcher can significantly reduce the turn-off time, thereby effectively reducing the impact of the blind area on the detection results, and the pipeline detection results verify the device’s effectiveness. Finally, based on the ground experimental results, the application prospect of mine advanced detection is discussed. Compared with other detection fields, the formation of blind areas is mainly caused by the equipment. If the dual launcher can be used to reduce the blind area, the accuracy of advanced detection can be improved more effectively. The above research results are of great significance for improving the detection accuracy of the underground transient electromagnetic method.

关于3Dmine矿业软件在露天矿山短中期采剥规划中的应用实践

在露天矿山开采过程中,往往因无法准确估算计划采剥区域的废石量、矿石量、废石资源量,同时难以直观的看出短中期计划采剥区域在开挖后会形成一个怎样的空间形态以及计划采剥区域范围内矿石量和围岩量,而导致在做短中期采剥计划过程中无法进行合理的设备配置以及难以直观看到在短中期计划区域竣工后对整个采区下一步采剥规划的影响,主要包括:下一步采剥规划过程中的运输道路预布置、穿爆作业面布置、平台防排水沟道规划、动力管线布置等。本文主要介绍基于在露天矿山已应用3Dmine矿业软件完成对整个采剥区域的地质建模(主要包括采区的围岩、矿体、矿石品位、矿体号、经济类型、矿石种类)及每月计划结束后已完成地形图更新的基础上,应用3Dmine矿业软件对计划采剥区域块进行模拟设计,可解决上述问题。

Harmony between Industrial Landscape and Natural Ecology—Landscape Design of the Former Area in Wangfenggang Coal Mine of Anhui Huainan

Taking landscape design of the former area in Wangfenggang coal mine of Anhui Huainan as an example,the whole thinking and specific implementations were discussed from aspects including scenic spot planning,plant landscape and characteristics of scenic spots,and created landscape in mining areas,squares and residential districts by combining section peculiarity,old building characteristics and circumstance in the landscape design of mining areas,which aimed to realize sustainable development of landscape in mining areas.

Suitability evaluation for land reclamation in mining area:A case study of Gaoqiao bauxite mine

Suitability evaluation plays an important role in land reclamation because the choice of evaluation methods affects the accuracy and objectivity of the suitability evaluation results. Furthermore, it influences the decision-making related to land reclamation. An improved method, which is called limit comprehensive conditions method, was developed after different suitability evaluation methods were studied. Based on this method, the reclaimed land of the Gaoqiao bauxite mining area was evaluated. The Gaoqiao mining area was divided into seven evaluation units that were evaluated respectively by selecting evaluation factors and establishing grade standards. The results show that the proposed method is more applicable and easier to handle. Moreover, its evaluation results are more scientific compared with the traditional evaluation methods. The improved method can be beneficial to the rapid monitoring and the effective management of reclaimed land in the opencast mine area.

Instability identification on large scale underground mined-out area in the metal mine based on the improved FRBFNN

To identify the instability on large scale underground mined-out area in the metal mine effectively,the parameters of radial basis function were determined through clustering method and the improved fuzzy radial basis function neural network(FRBFNN)model of instability identification model about large scale underground mined-out area in the metal mine was built.The improved FRBFNN model was trained and tested.The results show that the improved FRBFNN model has high training accuracy and generalization ability.Parameters such as pillar area ratio,filling level and the value of rock quality designation have strong influence on instability of large scale underground mined-out area.Correctness of analysis about the improved FRBFNN model was proved by the practical application results about instability discrimination of surrounding rock in large-scale underground mined-out area of a metal mine in south China.

Time function of surface subsidence based on Harris model in mined-out area

The surface subsidence is a common environmental hazard in mined-out area. Based on careful analysis of the regularity of surface subsidence in mined-out area, we proposed a new time function based on Harris curve model in consideration of the shortage of current surface subsidence time functions. By analyzing the characteristics of the new time function, we found that it could meet the dynamic process, the velocity change process and the acceleration change process during surface subsidence. Then its rationality had been verified through project cases. The results show that the proposed time function model can give a good reflection of the regularity of surface subsidence in mined-out area and can accurately predict surface subsidence. And the prediction data of the model are a little greater than measured data on condition of proper measured data quantity, which is safety in the engineering. This model provides a new method for the analysis of surface subsidence in mined-out area and reference for future prediction, and it is valuable to engineering application.

Quantitative analysis of biotechnical reinforcement for a steep slope consisting of composite coal-gangue-soil medium adjacent to a mined-out area

The engineering and geological characteristics of a steep slope consisting of coal gangue, rock and soil medium in Huating coal mine have been comprehensively investigated. Owing to humid weather, heavy rainfall, vegetation and porous characteristics of the soil and rock mass, the steep slope will be destabilized and induce mud-rock flow or derive hazard easily. Firstly, based on the classical slope reinforcement theory, some regularity between the shear and displacement in the destabilized zone of the slope with or without root strength contribution is presented. Then, based on the experimental and statistical analysis of root strength, hydrological characteristics and stability status, etc., some possible biotechnical techniques for reinforcement of the steep slope have been suggested. These methods are important for quantitative analysis of destabilization of the slope and design of the biotechnical reinforcement.

关闭/废弃矿井抽水蓄能开发利用现状与进展

探索清洁能源发展的创新途径是实现我国“双碳”目标的重要推动力。为解决大规模可再生能源电力供应不稳定的难题,新型电力系统的提出与加速成长促进了抽水蓄能电站的建设与发展,但生态保护与地形等因素制约了传统抽水蓄能电站发展。关闭/废弃矿井,由于具有丰富的地下空间及水资源,可创新性地开发抽水蓄能并延长矿区的经济寿命,降低对环境与经济的负面影响。为助力建立适合我国国情的废弃矿井抽水蓄能利用模式和管理体系,通过文献分析法综述了国内外废弃矿井抽水蓄能技术研究与应用进展。详细阐述了关闭/废弃矿井抽水蓄能技术原理、分类及其优缺点;总结了关闭/废弃矿井抽水蓄能电站利用模式,并在前人研究基础上对选址要素进行了修订;梳理了关闭/废弃矿井改建抽水蓄能电站的水-气两相流动特性、水泵水轮机工况特性、地下空间围岩稳定性及地下蓄水空间体积测算等的研究现状,明确了水泵-水轮机关键技术、地下空间稳定性控制关键技术等亟待解决的技术难题。此外,对关闭/废弃矿井抽水蓄能相关的生态与环境保护、市场需求与经济效益、政策与法规等研究成果进行了广泛的文献综述。发展关闭/废弃矿井地下空间抽水蓄能技术可为我国井下空间资源利用提供思路,为保障国家能源安全与经济社会高质量发展提供新途径。

安徽矾矿土壤重金属污染源解析模型对比与优选

矿区资源开采导致土壤污染日益严重,直接影响周边土壤、水体环境的稳定性,精准预测重金属污染源解析对矿山修复、治理具有重要指导作用。在前期研究基础上,为提升土壤介质模型的解释度,进一步选取了土壤重金属源解析评价中成熟度高且精准性好的正定矩阵因子分析法(positive matrix factorization, PMF)及绝对因子分析-多元线性回归(absolute factor analysis-multiple linear regression, APCS-MLR)模型,以充实前期UNMIX多元受体模型分析矾矿土壤重金属污染来源及源贡献率的结果,结合生态风险评价方法,对比定量条件下最适宜解析研究区域源的模型。结果表明:1)生态高风险区域主要集中在研究区南部和东部,Cd是矿山主要风险元素,地累积指数(index of geoaccumulation)均值3.75与潜在生态风险指数(potential ecological risk index)均值731.22解析结果高度一致,但潜在生态危害指数的结果综合性更好。2)对比3种模型的污染源解析结果,PMF模型解析出4个污染源:分别为燃煤源、自然-交通综合源、自然源和大气沉降源,源贡献率分别为38.15%、20.62%、24.28%、16.95%。3)PMF模型的总体变量拟合优度R2达到了0.96,拟合效果最好。PMF模型模拟数据会集中采样点误差,确定最适污染源数目及相应污染物贡献率,使得源解析结果更精准,更适用于复杂的矿山污染土壤情况,符合实际研究情况。该研究结果可为后续矿区开采后污染土壤的修复治理工作提供溯源依据参考。

河南省嵩县九仗沟-东湾金矿区深部地球物理特征与找矿预测

深部金属矿探测是目前资源勘查的重要课题和方向,地球物理方法探测深度大、分辨率高,是深部金属矿探测最有效的手段之一。河南省嵩县九仗沟—东湾矿区处于熊耳山—外方山矿集区内的蛮峪—店房金矿带之北段,目前九仗沟—东湾矿区已发现的金矿床主要为500 m以浅深度,深部(500~2000 m)找矿勘查工作基本为空白。为了查明九仗沟—东湾矿区深、边部成矿潜力,实现接替资源找矿突破,在九仗沟—东湾矿区主矿段南北两端延伸方向上,布设EH-4双源大地电磁测深和大功率激电测深剖面。以九仗沟—东湾金矿床为背景,在分析地质背景、岩石物理性质基础上,综合区域重磁资料、物探剖面反演结果,分析各物探方法异常特征,厘清了研究区内与金矿有关的F1构造破碎蚀变带深部空间分布特征等信息,揭示了研究区内深部F1构造带附近的中低电阻、高极化区为找矿有利部位,根据此特征在500~2000 m深度范围内确定了4个深部预测找矿靶区,为下一步找矿勘查提供了相关依据。研究方法和成果为区域上开展同类型金矿床的深部找矿工作提供了思路和方向,具有重要的指导和实践意义。