Sustainable Development and Restoring the Landscape after Coal Mining in the Northern Part of the Czech Republic

Coal mining has an impact on the countryside and landscape where the exploitation of the mineral occurs, particularly with regard to the way it is mined, the technology used, the surface area, and the shape of the coalfield and extent of mining. The impact of mining, which is predominantly negative, is gradually being eliminated today in accordance with applicable laws by applying knowledge and experience and with the help of a variety of reclamation and revitalization activities. The newly created landscape gives the area new value and opportunity for use. The process of restoring a landscape after coal mining should be primarily guided by the principle of sustainable development to ensure that a balance of the social, economic and environmental aspects is achieved. This article discusses the theoretical basis of the individual possibilities for restoring the landscape in such a way that the anthropogenic formations caused by coal mining are best incorporated into the surrounding landscape and likewise meet the social and economic needs of society. A model area can be found in the northern part of the Czech Republic that has been scarred by coal strip mining for nearly 200 years, but the adverse effects on the landscape have been successfully smoothed over by reclamation methods.

Challenges and new insights for exploitation of deep underground metal mineral resources

Long-term and continuous large-scale exploitation has increasingly exhausted shallow metal mineral resources,and deep mining has become inevitable.The current global status of deep mining of metal mineral resources was presented,a series of engineering challenges faced by deep mining were systematically analyzed,and some progress and future innovation focus in key engineering technologies,such as the prediction and prevention of rockburst,cooling techniques,rock support techniques,deep hoisting techniques,and several nontraditional deep mining techniques,were highlighted.Meanwhile,new insights into development strategies of deep mining technology were proposed.The integration of these forward-looking key innovative technologies will form the overall framework of an innovative technology system for the deep mining of metal minerals.This technology system will help to achieve safe,efficient,and green exploitation of deep underground metal mineral resources and ensure the sustainable development of the metal mining industry.

Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Community-based Natural Resource Management in Northeast India

Community-based natural resource management in northeast India has a long history. Indigenous knowledge and adaptation are the collective information, with improvement from generation to generation. The expectation is that under community control, local expertise on biodiversity will play a significant role in natural resource management through traditional practices. This paper discusses the characteristics and application of the traditional ecological knowledge of aboriginal peoples in northeast India and its role in natural resource management. Examples are provided in two different eco-cultural landscapes, i.e., Demazong (the Buddhist eco-cultural landscape in Sikkim Himalaya) and the Apatani eco-cultural landscape in Arunachal Pradesh, which illustrate the utility value of traditional ecological knowledge in sustainable natural resource management. Both eco-cultural landscapes are indeed very complex and highly evolved systems with high levels of economic and ecological efficiencies. The paper concludes that traditional ecological knowledge systems and institutions could serve as entry points into the sustainable utilization and management of natural resources. This could be achieved through the exploration of the cultural practices of the local people and integrating useful aspects into the modern natural resource management expertise. With rapidly depleting biodiversity in the developing tropic regions, there is a greater utilization today than ever before of the value of respecting the "Sacred" as a tool towards better conservation of natural resources.

Resource Utilization Pattern and Development in Hills——A Case for the Pindar Basin of Garhwal Himalaya, India

Agrarian system is well adapted in Himalayan eco-system. Hence, the people have adopted the traditional subsistence cereal farming and it becomes the main stay of Himalayan people. About 80 percent of the workable force is attached with agriculture and its allied practices, according to the census of 1991. Although, horticultural farming runs parallel with agriculture, its proportion in terms of land is quite less, resulted in a negligible place in the economy of the region. Human resources, mainly men are attached with national security after recruitment in Army. While, women play a vital and integrated role in maintaining the workable potential in the field of agriculture and are known as backbone of economy. An animal resource implies foremost and wider part in agricultural system and economy as well. Water resources are unutilized yet, while almost all the major rivers of our country are originated from and flowing through this region. Increasing population causes forest resources depletion. The economy of the region is rested either on 憈raditional cereal farming?or 憁oney order based?development, which could not take place due to its remoteness from the main streams of the country. The impact of modern technology with innovation in agricultural system remains impracticable due to unwillingness of people in one hand and on the other hand, adverse geographical conditions like topography, climate etc. which could not permit the uses of modern innovation in the field of agriculture. As for infra-structurally,this region is lacked behind, due to its inaccessibility. While, this region is bestowed with numerous rivers, many places for tourists and pilgrims, and huge forest resources. They might be used evenly in the development processes. The practice of tourism will help for the further development, particularly, in the wake of the newly born state, Uttaranchal. The present paper aims to evaluate the present potentiality of resources and their balanced utilization in the Pindar Basin. A precise study has been done on resource utilization, ecology and environment with keeping view in mind that more or less exploitation of resources could not influence the environment and the economy of the region.

The safety mining theory studying for coal resource in China

The coal resource has an important role in the energy development strategy in China. Because the coal resources are a kind of non-renewable resources, a Kind of ex-hausting resource, which is limited in quantity, and the exploitation of the recourses are not economized now, so how to realize the sustainable development for coal resource in China is very important. In this paper, two parts were researched to optimize the coal mining. In order to optimize the mining order of different mining areas, the fuzzy logic evaluation was used to build the evaluation system. The economic control theory model was built to realize the proper period to explore the coal recourses for the same mining areas.

Towards sustainable mining cities: what policies should be sought and experiences could be learnt for China?

This paper aims to explore interinks between population, resoures, environment anddevelopment of mining cities in China. The authors place emphasis on speeific policy stud of how tostep a sustainable rnining city based on the analysis of six components constituting the integrative andsystendc backdrop to mining city sustainability. The attempts are taken to make a deep comparisonbased on the studies in the five typical cities of Datong, Daqing, Panzhihua, Jinchang and Golmud ofChina, combining some experiences and theorehca thoughts from the Western countries. Therelationship between the resourees endoment, mining (in broader sense) and economic developmentis given based on the analysis of development of mineral resources and formahon of mining cities.Morcover, some changing characteristics and related issues of China's mining cities on environmentand socio-econondc dimensions are considered. The last part of the paper focuses on the discussion ofrestructuring approach to the mining cities in China, some reflections and suggestions are put forward.

Problems and countermeasures on restoration of forest ecological environment of Jilin Province

Jilin Province is one of major forest regions of China. This paper analyzed the existing conditions and tendency in forest ecological restoration of the province and revealed the confronting problems in ecology and economy. The authors divided Jilin Province into three ecological economic zones, including nid-west farming and stockbreeding area, east hilly diversified-operation area, and Changbai Mountain national forest area, and discussed the direction and tasks of forest ecological restoration of each zone. Some Countermeasures and suggestions were put forward for restoration of forest ecology of the province.

黄河流域“水资源-生态保护-高质量发展”空间均衡性诊断

为促进黄河流域空间均衡发展,在测算黄河流域9个省区水资源可承载水平、经济社会发展水平以及生态保护水平的基础上,分析了各省区内部水资源、生态环境和经济社会3个子系统间的耦合协调发展水平,并分别以水与经济均衡、水与生态均衡、经济与生态均衡为子目标,构建了空间均衡性诊断模型,对黄河流域相邻“省区对”进行了空间均衡性诊断,反向追踪各“省区对”空间不均衡的原因。结果显示:除宁夏、甘肃外,黄河流域其他省区内部3个子系统间均已达到初级或中级协调发展阶段;黄河流域上游和下游的相邻“省区对”分别通过了均衡性判别;宁夏、甘肃、山西和内蒙古4个省区严重影响了省区间的均衡性,抑制了黄河流域整体的空间均衡发展。

核心企业数字创新生态系统构建的内在机制——基于意义建构和资源编排视角

为探究以传统制造企业为核心的数字创新生态系统构建过程,并弥补以往主要从意义建构单一认知层面探讨问题的不足,选取潍柴动力股份有限公司为研究对象,运用纵向单案例研究方法,基于意义建构与资源编排相结合的视角,探索核心企业意义建构、资源编排与数字创新生态系统构建的内在机制。结果发现:(1)意义建构及其跨层次传递是推动数字创新生态系统构建的先决条件,意义建构的形成和转变是核心企业为匹配适应环境中技术与需求变化的结果;(2)核心企业始于领导层面的跨层次意义建构及其引发的资源编排行为,以及二者的交互和协同演进是推动数字创新生态系统构建的核心机制;(3)意义建构通过资源编排获得反馈,不断对自身认知进行迭代,最终实现从生态基础搭建到生态共享,进而发展到创新生态可持续发展。从而得到启示:核心企业数字创新生态系统构建的关键驱动因素是管理者认知,同时管理者要充分重视引导高管团队、企业及企业间形成统一认知的意义给赋行为,并充分重视资源编排行为的价值。

Application of Ecological Footprint

Ecological footprint is a method of measuring how much we use the natural resources and how much the nature provides services for human beings. This paper summarized the application of ecological footprint at different scales and in different fields and different ecological types at home and abroad,analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of ecological footprint method,and made a prediction of the application of ecological footprint.

能源变革与生态福利绩效研究——基于新能源示范城市设立的准自然实验

能源变革是推动能源结构绿色转型的关键,新能源示范城市政策是能源变革的重要举措,也是推动城市生态文明建设发展的有力支撑。本文基于2007~2021年我国279个城市的面板数据,通过倾向得分匹配-双重差分模型(PSM-DID)探究新能源示范城市政策对生态福利绩效的影响。研究发现:新能源示范城市的设立有助于提升城市生态福利绩效。新能源示范城市政策对城市生态福利绩效的影响在东西部城市、行政等级高的城市和非资源型城市更为显著。机制检验表明新能源示范城市主要通过优化产业结构、提升技术创新水平和降低资源依赖度3种途径提升城市生态福利绩效,为政府有效实施城市能源建设并提升城市生态福利绩效提供积极的政策启示。

The Preliminary Research and Analysis of Ecological Environment Construction in the Small River Basin——A Case Study in Taojia Small River, Yunnan

Through nearly seven months of investigation and research, detailed information and data on vegetation resources, land resources and other ecological resources in the Taojia small river basin were obtained, and the data were analyzed and processed. The results show that due to the destruction of forest vegetation, the steep slope reclamation and water channel leakage in the Taojia small river basin, well fields and forest land at multiple sites in the basin have been buried by mud and rock, and abundant forest vegetation distributed in the middle and upper reaches has reduced to the situation of a forest coverage rate of only 15.5%. As a result, a vicious circle of "ecological destruction, soil erosion, farmland reduction, poverty, steep slope cultivation, ecological destruction" has been formed. Based on the analysis of the basic ecological background of the basin, six ecological restoration proposals such as planting soil and water conservation forests and fruit trees and blockading protection were proposed, in order to provide support for restoring the ecological environment of the basin and achieving sustainable development of the ecological environment within the basin.

Ecological Democracy and Sustainability in Fragile Environment： Environmental Discourse in Select Pieces of Environmental Writing from India

Environmental writing has attained a new relevance in the 21st century. In the present scenario, environmental writing becomes a social discourse. This is the result of a new, vibrant and growing environmental constituency in societies such as Brazil, India, Thailand and other Third World Countries. The features of environmental writing include a visible concern for social justice, defence of livelihood and the determining part played by women. This new discourse has emerged with a new focus on redefinition of terms like human rights, common good, democracy and CPRs （common property resources）. Environmental Writing becomes a powerful discourse when it protests against the increasingly intrusive and interventionist developmental projects, implemented by the government, which in turn assert dominion over indigenous people of the land. There is also a strong emphasis on prudence among the poor as contrasted to the ecological profligacy of the rich. This paper is an attempt to examine the voices of dissent and the accountability of postmodern writers and environmental activists in India regarding environmental issues in India.

生态流量方法应用现状研究

水资源是制约国家经济社会发展的重要因素。长期以来,水资源的过度开发利用直接影响了流域的生态保护和高质量发展。生态流量(Ecological Flow)是保障流域水生态环境可持续发展和管理的重要指标。然而当前研究方法众多,尚未进行系统性梳理。以生态流量为出发点,归纳总结国内生态流量评估的最新进展,系统地对水文学法、水力学法、生境模拟法和整体分析法等四大类共17种方法进行对比总结,评述其优缺点及适用条件,并根据国内流域的生态流量评估现状,建议在我国流域水系庞杂且气候、水文地质、下垫面和水资源开发利用等条件差异较大的情况下,因地制宜地选择生态流量评估方法。未来的生态流量研究和流域水生态管理应综合考虑气候、水文条件变化和人类活动的影响,依据生态流量目标制定、水利水电工程调度、生态流量监测、流域制度法规建设等方面系统性完善生态流量管理与研究,实现流域水资源的高质量发展。

基于能值-生态足迹的贵州高原典型喀斯特区域水资源可持续评价研究

【目的】深入剖析喀斯特地区水资源利用问题,从自然资源供应与需求关系辨析水资源利用状况,以期为喀斯特地区水资源高效开发利用与可持续发展提供科学依据和有益参考。【方法】生态足迹模型是生态经济学中测量人类社会资源消耗的经典方法,基于能量流的能值生态足迹模型是该领域研究的最新成果。本研究选取贵州高原典型喀斯特区域—南明河流域为研究对象,基于2010—2020年南明河流域的用水量、供水量等数据,运用能值水资源生态足迹模型系统地分析了南明河流域2010—2020年的水生态足迹、水生态承载力、水生态赤字和生态压力等变化情况。【结果】①2010—2020年,南明河流域水资源能值生态足迹年均值为1.080 hm^(2)/人,水资源能值生态承载力年均值为0.562 hm^(2)/人,水资源生态赤字明显,但整体呈逐年下降趋势;②南明河流域水资源生态压力指数年均值达2.004,处于亚安全状态,生态系统承受压力在较安全范围;③2010—2020年,南明河流域水资源生态经济协调指数年均值为1.345,接近最佳协调状态(1.414),水资源经济协调性整体较好。【结论】总体来看,南明河流域人均能值生态足迹、万元GDP和生态赤字呈逐年下降趋势,生态承载力、生态压力和生态经济协调指数呈现上下波动态势,水资源利用整体向好的方面发展。

基于三维生态足迹的渭河流域甘肃段可持续发展综合评价与影响因素分析

渭河流域生态系统的稳定和可持续发展是实现黄河流域保护和高质量发展战略的关键。本研究以渭河流域甘肃段为研究对象,采用生态足迹理论和改进的三维生态足迹模型,评估了2005—2020年期间该区域的生态安全状况及其变化趋势。基于此,对渭河流域的生态可持续性以及资源供需平衡进行了综合评价。结果表明,该时段内,渭河流域甘肃段的生态足迹、生态承载力和生态赤字均呈增长趋势,其中生态足迹的增速超过了生态承载力的增速,导致生态赤字持续增加,反映出该地区资源供给不足以满足需求。生态足迹分析的广度与深度均有所增加,反映出该区域存量资本被过度利用,且耕地、林地和建设用地对资源流量的占用水平上升,而水域和草地的占用水平下降。此外,生态足迹的变化受多种因素驱动,包括自然环境、经济增长和社会发展等,其中建成区面积、城镇化率、人均GDP和各产业产值与之正相关。研究还发现,区域土地的生态可持续性已从基本平衡转变为轻度不可持续状态,并且有进一步恶化的趋势。适度人口比例实际人口的比例下降,人口增长空间减小,使得生态可持续性难以稳定保障。本研究为黄河流域保护和高质量发展战略提供了科学依据。

面向地下水资源可持续开发利用的地下水适宜埋深研究进展

地下水资源可持续开发利用,实质就是在保障地下水良性生态环境功能前提下充分满足人类社会用水需求,其重点与难点在于确定地下水适宜的埋藏深度(简称“适宜埋深”)约束.本文从区域尺度到微观视角,梳理并总结地下水埋深变化对地表生态环境的影响,明确了地下水埋深对发挥地下水生态环境效应的主要作用.当前确定地下水适宜埋深主要考虑的影响因素包括地表植被生长、农作物生长与产量、土壤盐渍化、地面沉降与海水入侵等方面,野外实地调查、遥感反演以及稳定同位素组成分析等是普遍采用的技术手段.对地下水生态环境功能的研究主要集中在干旱地区,而非干旱区的相关研究进展缓慢.本文提出了面向地下水资源可持续开发利用的地下水适宜埋深确定方法,即以研究区自然地理和水文地质条件以及存在的主要生态环境问题为基础,构建区域尺度上的适宜地下水埋深控制指标集合,结合地区生态环境保护目标,通过指标取舍与叠加计算综合确定地下水适宜埋深的区间及阈值.目前对地下水适宜埋深空间分布规律的研究较多,但其时间分布规律研究较为薄弱,是将来研究的重要方向之一.

绿色矿山中环境保护技术的应用

“绿色矿山”是指在资源开发的全过程中,实施科学有序开采。我们旨在实现环境生态化、开采方式科学化、资源利用高效化、管理信息数字化和矿区社区和谐化的矿山。就目前的国际大形势而言,构建绿色低碳的工业体系,不仅是实现应对气候变化目标的必要手段,对工业的可持续发展同样意义重大。同样的对于矿业发展而言,环境保护,节能减排迫在眉睫。针对矿产开发的污染形式,依据矿产企业的环境治理出发点,提出矿产企业绿色矿山建设新技术、新方案,为实现矿业企业绿色、文明、和谐、可持续发展奠定了一定基础。

基于生态足迹法的铜陵市水资源可持续利用分析

以安徽省铜陵市为例,采用水资源生态足迹法对铜陵市2016—2021年水资源情况进行分析。结果表明:2016—2021年,铜陵市人均水生态足迹与万元GDP水资源生态足迹逐年递减;研究期间不存在生态赤字,水环境生态整体处于可持续利用状态,水资源利用效率近年来稳步提高。

Analysis on the Spatio-Temporal Changes of Sustainable Land Use in Tibet

By constructing evaluation indicator system of sustainable land use of Tibet from three aspects of ecological environment, economic development, resources and social advancement, this article studies the following contents respectively in two dimensions of time and space： the changes of sustainable land use of Tibet in recent 20 years and spatial characteristics of sustainable land use of Tibet in 2002. The following conclusions can be drawn from evaluation results .① With regard to com- prehensive evaluation value of sustainable land use, the trend of Tibet sustainable land use evaluation values from 1983 to 2002 are very close to the comprehensive evaluation values of ecological environment, which is up trend; ② sustainable utilization degree of land use in eastern region of Tibet is much higher than that of western region. ③ the sustainable land use evaluation value of Nyingtri County is the highest, and the counties with relatively higher land sustainable use values include Lhasa, Lhoka, Chamdo. While Nakchu, Ngari, Shigatse counties have the relatively lower evaluation values; ④ By analyzing each evaluation indicator＇s weight on sustainable land use, it can be concluded that the key limiting factors of sustainable Tibet land resource utilization are land desertification, grassland degradation and low economic level.