Oxalate Content of Miner’s Lettuce Irrigated with Water or Fertilizer Solutions

The total, soluble and insoluble oxalate contents of the small, large and cauline leaves and small and large stems of miner’s lettuce (Claytonia perfoliata ) plants which had been irrigated with tap water or a soluble fertilizer were extracted and measured using HPLC chromatography. Overall, all plant parts of miner’s lettuce analyzed contained high levels of total and soluble oxalates;however plants irrigated with fertilizer contained lower levels of oxalates compared with plants irrigated with water. On a dry matter basis, the small leaves contained higher levels of total oxalate when compared to the total oxalate in the large leaves. Soluble oxalate in the leaves of plants irrigated with water ranged from 2.6 to 7.5 mg/100g dry matter (DM) and was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the leaves of the fertilizer-watered plants, which ranged from 1.8 to 2.8 mg/100g DM. The soluble oxalate in the small and large stems of the fertilizer-watered plants ranged from 1.20 to 1.5 mg/100g DM and was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than the water-treated small and large stems, which ranged from 3.75 to 4.4 mg/100g DM. It is recommended that the leaves of miner’s lettuce should be consumed in moderation.

Geology and mineralization of the Hongqiling large magmatic nickel-copper-cobalt deposit(22×10^(4)t)in Jilin Province,China:A review

The Hongqiling large nickel-copper-cobalt deposit(hereafter referred to as the Hongqiling deposit),a typical mafic-ultramafic copper-nickel deposit in China,boasts proven Ni(Ni)resources of approximately 22×10^(4)t,associated copper resources of 2×10^(4)t,and associated cobalt(Co)resources of 0.5×10^(4)t,with Ni reserves ranking 10th among China's magmatic nickel deposits.Geotectonically,the Hongqiling deposit is situated in the superimposed zone between the Xing'an-Mongolian orogenic belt and the circum-Western Pacific's active continental margin belt.Its ore-bearing plutons occur within the metamorphic rocks of the Ordovician Hulan Group,with the emplacement of plutons and the locations of orebodies governed by the deep-seated Huifahe fault and its secondary NW-trending Fujia-Hejiagou-Beixinglong-Changsheng fault zone.In the deposit,the rock assemblages of ore-bearing plutons predominantly encompass gabbro-pyroxenite-olivine pyroxenite-pyroxene peridotite(pluton No.1)and norite-orthopyroxenite-harzburgite(pluton No.7),with ore-bearing lithofacies consisting primarily of olivine pyroxenite and pyroxenite facies.The Hongqiling deposit hosts stratoid,overhanging lentoid,veined,and pure-sulfide veined orebodies.Its ores principally contain metallic minerals including pyrrhotite,pentlandite,chalcopyrite,violarite,and pyrite.Despite unidentified magma sources of ore-bearing mafic-ultramafic rocks,it is roughly accepted that the magmatic evolution in the Hongqiling deposit primarily involved fractional crystallization and crustal contamination.The ore-forming materials were primarily derived from the upper mantle,mixed with minor crustal materials.The ore-bearing mafic-ultramafic rocks in the deposit,primarily emplaced during the Indosinian(208-239 Ma),were formed in an intense extension setting followed by the collisional orogeny between the North China Plate and the Songnen-Zhangguangcai Range Block during the Middle-Late Triassic.From the perspective of the metallogenic geological setting,surrounding rocks,ore-controlling structures,and rock assemblages,this study identified one favorable condition and seven significant indicators for prospecting for Hongqiling-type nickel deposits and developed a prospecting model of the Hongqiling deposit.These serve as valuable references for exploring similar nickel deposits in the region,as well as the deep parts and margins of the Hongqiling deposit.

Accumulation of Mineral Nutrients and Phytochemicals in Lettuce and Tomato Grown in High Tunnel and Open Field

High tunnel production of horticultural food crops is becoming increasingly popular and has a significant impact on their growth, productivity and nutritional quality. The present study examines the effect of high tunnel production of lettuce (Lactuca sativa cv. “Two Star” and “New Red Fire”) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. “Celebrity” and “Mountain Fresh”) on their nutritional quality relating to major nutrients and health-promoting phytochemicals. High tunnel environment increased the concentration of N (protein) in both lettuce and tomato relative to the open field cultivation. The accumulation pattern of mineral nutrients in high tunnel was similar in green-leaf and red-leaf lettuce varieties. Lettuce varieties grown in high tunnel had higher accumulation of C, S and Zn relative to those grown in open field. However, high tunnel environment suppressed the accumulation of many micronutrients such as Mg, Fe, Cu and Mn in both lettuce varieties but not in tomato. For example, accumulation of Fe was reduced by more than 80% in “Two Star” and by more than 55% in “New Red Fire” under high tunnel. It also suppressed the levels of many health-promoting phenolic compounds such as chlorogenic acid, chicoric acid, rutin and kaempferol in green-leaf lettuce and gallic acid in red-leaf lettuce. High tunnel environment improved the soil nutrient status but reduced the radiation levels (PAR, UV-A and UV-B) received by the crops. The results show that the high tunnel production has a significant impact on the nutritional quality relating to protein and mineral nutrients in both crops and health-promoting phytochemicals in lettuce.

Strategies for Improving the Effectiveness of Professional Practice for Full-Time Professional Master Degree Postgraduate in Mineral Processing Engineering

In order to gain practical experience and hands-on skills,full-time professional master degree postgraduate in mineral processing engineering should engage in professional practices.Nonetheless,a series of problems,including insufficient time for practice,low management level,inadequate implementation of the double-supervisor system,and poor results of professional practice,has reduced the effectiveness of professional practice.In view of the aforementioned problems and the characteristics of the discipline,this paper proposes several strategies for improving the effectiveness of professional practice for postgraduates in mineral processing engineering.

Melt extraction and mineralization: A case study from the Shuangjianzishan supergiant Ag-Pb-Zn deposit(208 Mt), Inner Mongolia, NE China

The supergiant Shuangjianzishan(SJZ) Ag-Pb-Zn deposit is in the southern segment of the Great Hinggan Range(SGHR), northeast China. Previous studies suggest the ore-forming material and fluid originated from the magmatic system, and the mineralization age was consistent with the diagenetic age. However,the relationship between granitic magmatism and mineralization is still unclear in the SJZ. In this study, CH-O-He-Ar and in-situ S-Pb isotope analyses were conducted to determine the sources of ore-forming fluids and metals, which were combined with geochemistry data of SJZ granitoids from previous studies to constrain the relationship between the magmatism and the mineralization. The C-H-O-He-Ar-S-Pb isotopic compositions suggested the SJZ ore-forming material and fluids were derived from a magmatic source, which has mixed a small amount of mantle-derived materials. In addition, the disseminated sulfide from the syenogranite has comparable S-Pb isotopic composition with the sulfide minerals from ore veins,suggesting that the generation of the SJZ ore-forming fluids has a close relationship with the syenogranite magmatism. Combining with the geochemical characters of the syenogranite, the authors proposed that the mantle-derived fingerprint of the SJZ ore-forming fluid might be caused by the parent magma of the syenogranite, which was derived from partial melting of the juvenile lower crust, and underwent the residual melts segregated from a crystal mush in the shallow magma reservoir. The extraction of the syenogranite parent magma further concentrated the fertilized fluids, which was crucial to mineralization of the SJZ Ag-Pb-Zn deposit.

凤太矿集区八卦庙金矿区脉状铅锌矿化的物质来源研究:硫化物原位S-Pb同位素证据

秦岭造山带凤太矿集区内发育层状—似层状和脉状两种类型的铅锌矿化,部分脉状铅锌矿化伴生产于金矿床中,其成矿物质来源仍未得到较好的约束。论文以八卦庙金矿区的脉状铅锌矿体为主要研究对象,采用硫化物原位微区S-Pb同位素研究方法,探讨了脉状铅锌矿化的成矿物质来源。八卦庙金矿区的脉状铅锌矿化主要受NE和NW向断裂或裂隙控制,矿脉宽度通常为2~20 cm。矿石呈团块状或浸染状构造,其中矿石矿物以方铅矿和闪锌矿为主,另有少量黄铜矿和黄铁矿,脉石矿物有石英、白云母、绢云母和少量方解石、白云石等碳酸盐矿物。硫化物原位S-Pb同位素分析结果显示,矿石中闪锌矿的δ^(34)S值相对集中(15.03‰~17.11‰),而黄铜矿(14.76‰~19.91‰)和方铅矿(12.12‰~21.88‰)的δ^(34)S值则变化较大;方铅矿的铅同位素组成非常均一。通过与区内可能物质源区S-Pb同位素对比研究,认为八卦庙金矿区脉状铅锌矿化的成矿物质来自于围岩变质过程中释放的变质流体,并有印支期岩浆热液的贡献,总体具有与金矿化相似的成矿物质来源。金矿化和脉状铅锌矿化在八卦庙矿区共生富集但又独立产出,可能受铅锌和金元素在热液体系中明显不同的地球化学行为所控制。

Effect of electric pulse charged to culture soil on improvement of nutritional soil condition and growth of lettuce (<i>Lactuca sative</i>L.)

This study is intended to measure variations of nutritional soil condition and mass spectrometric patterns to describe the specific effects of electric pulse charged to culture soil which induced an increase of lettuce growth. In a previous study, lettuce cultivated in an electrically pulsed culture soil (EPCS) grew more actively than those in a conventional culture soil (CCS). Lettuce growth increased about 20% more in EPCS than CCS during cultivated for 21 days in this study. Content of nutrient salts and minerals varied in CCS and EPCS when assayed after the period of lettuce cultivation. Ammonium content in CCS was higher than that in EPCS but nitrate content was opposite of the ammonium. Inorganic N-compounds in EPCS was about 2.5 times higher than that in CCS. Content of phosphate in CCS increased greatly by lettuce cultivation but was about 2 times lower than that in EPCS. Contents of minerals in EPCS were relatively higher than those in CCS excepting Fe. Patterns of chromatography and mass spectrometry for water soluble compounds extracted from lettuces cultivated in EPCS were considerably different from those in CCS. Conclusively, electric pulse caused increased lettuce growth, improved nutritional soil conditions, and varied mass spectrometric patterns.

Corchorus olitorius: A Promising Medicinal Plant in Southern Africa and Effects of Growing Conditions on Its Bioactive Compounds—A Review

Corchorus olitorius (Jew’s mallow), is one of the African indigenous leafy vegetables increasingly getting attention as a possible contributor of both micronutrients and bioactive compounds including proteins, lipids, fiber and vitamin C to human nutrition. Leaves of Corchorus olitorius have been found to have high level of phytochemicals: flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins, and saponins that possess strong radical scavenging activity and antioxidant power. In the arid and semi-arid areas of the world, drought is the main limiting factor affecting plant productivity and influences almost all aspects of plant biology. Water stress deficit is known to cause oxidative stress condition that has generally been reported to elevate phenolic antioxidants in various crops including Jew’s mallow. On the other hand, fertilization is crucial for crop management and high yield, it also affects nutritional value of the food plants. Nitrogen (N) fertilization affects health and nutritional value, including mineral content, fatty acid profile, anti-oxidative capacity and polyphenol levels and composition. The possible effects of fertilization should be considered when deciding on fertilization regime, to optimize both plant physiology, productivity and food-related effects. Nitrogen is an important element for Jew’s mallow production since it responds well to it. However, appropriate amounts of nutrients need to be provided to crops at the right time to favor both crop growth, yield and quality. Different reports confirmed that addition or increase of N, negatively affects the total phenolics and total flavonoids, and reduces accumulation of defense-related secondary metabolites resulting in lower oxidative capacity. Increased secondary metabolite production during water deficit and low nitrogen in the soil has been reported as a stress mechanism by most plants. However, further research is required to explore the biochemical response of Jew’s mallow to water deficit and nitrogen fertilization.

Self-adapting extraction of matrix mineral bulk modulus and verification of fluid substitution

Gassmann＇s equations are commonly used for predicting seismic wave velocity in rock physics research.However the input matrix mineral bulk modulus parameters are not accurate,which greatly influences the prediction reliability.In this paper,combining the Russell fluid factor with the Gassman-Biot-Geertsma equation and introducing the dry-rock Poisson＇s ratio,we propose an effective matrix mineral bulk modulus extraction method.This method can adaptively invert the equivalent matrix mineral bulk modulus to apply the Gassmann equation to fluid substitution of complex carbonate reservoirs and increase the fluid prediction reliability.The verification of the actual material fluid substitution also shows that this method is reliable,efficient,and adaptable.

黑龙江争光大型金矿成矿流体He-Ar-S同位素组成及成矿流体来源的示踪

【研究目的】黑龙江争光金矿床位于兴安地块东缘嫩江—黑河北东向断裂带西北侧的奥陶纪多宝山岛弧带上。本文通过对主成矿期的矿石样品研究,探讨了成矿流体的来源。【研究方法】选择9件主成矿期的黄铁矿和方铅矿进行了系统研究,测定了He、Ar和S同位素组成。【研究结果】其含金石英脉中黄铁矿和方铅矿的流体包裹体3He/4He=1.95×10^(-6)~5.03×10^(-6),^(40)Ar/^(36)Ar=349.1~453.9。幔源He占13.17%~44.67%,平均27.58%,显示了成矿流体以大气降水为主,但同时有地幔流体成分,表明金矿床成矿作用与地幔活动有着密切的关系。矿物δ^(34)S=-1.2‰~-3.9‰,平均-2.33‰,可能来自深源地幔流体,但其中有地壳流体的加入。【结论】洋壳向兴安地块俯冲,俯冲流体交代地幔楔发生部分熔融,流体上升至地表浅部与下渗的大气降水混合形成成矿流体,由于温度和压力的下降和流体沸腾作用导致成矿流体物理化学条件的改变,从而使成矿物质沉淀。

The Geology and Tectonic Settings of China's Mineral Deposits by Franco Pirajno

China is the third largest country in the world, with a land area of about 9.6 million km2. It is endowed with abundant mineral resources, and the metal mining activity can be traced back to ca. 8000 years ago. However, due to language barrier, little has been known about the geology and tectonics to the outside world until 1980s. In the last three decades, a great deal of knowledge has been gained, enhanced by a vigorous cooperation between Chinese and Western geologists. Research papers about geological, geochemical, and geochronological features of mineral deposits of China are widely published and cited in international journals. A comprehen- sive and comprehensible English literature that summarises the features of mineral deposits in China, however, is still lacking.

Mutifactorial analysis of risk factors for reduced bone mineral density in patients with Crohn’s disease

AIM: To determine the prevalence of osteoporosis in a cohort of patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and to identify the relative significance of risk factors for osteoporosis. METHODS: Two hundred and fifty-eight unselected patients (92 M, 166 F) with CD were studied. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at the lumbar spine and hip by dual X-ray absorptiometry. Bone formation was assessed by measuring bone specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP) and bone resorption by measuring urinary excretion of deoxypyridinoline (DPD) and N-telopeptide (NTX). RESULTS: Between 11.6%-13.6% patients were osteoporotic (T score < -2.5) at the lumbar spine and/or hip. NTX levels were significantly higher in the patients with osteoporosis (P < 0.05) but BSAP and DPD levels were not significantly different. Independent risk factors for osteoporosis at either the lumbar spine or hip were a low body mass index (P < 0.001), increasing corticosteroid use (P < 0.005), and male sex (P < 0.01). These factors combined accounted for 23% and 37% of the reduction in BMD at the lumbar spine and hip respectively. CONCLUSION: Our results confirm that osteoporosis is common in patients with CD and suggest that increased bone resorption is the mechanism responsible for thebone loss. However, less than half of the reduction in BMD can be attributed to risk factors such as corticosteroid use and low BMI and therefore remains unexplained.

Updated bone mineral density status in Saudi patients with inflammatory bowel disease

BACKGROUND Little is known about inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)burden and its impact on bone mineral density(BMD)among adult patients in Saudi Arabia.To the best of our knowledge,our study is the only study to give an update about this health problem in adult Saudi patients with IBD.IBD is a great risk factor for reduced BMD due to its associated chronic inflammation,malabsorption,weight loss and medication side effects.Consequently,screening for reduced BMD among patients with IBD is of utmost importance to curb and control anticipated morbidity and mortality among those patients.AIM To assess the relationship between IBD and BMD in a sample of adult Saudi patients with IBD.METHODS Ninety adult patients with IBD-62 Crohn’s disease(CD)and 28 ulcerative colitis(UC)-were recruited from King Fahad Specialist Hospital gastroenterology clinics in Buraidah,Al-Qassim.All enrolled patients were interviewed for their demographic information and for IBD-and BMD-related clinical data.All patients had the necessary laboratory markers and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans to evaluate their BMD status.Patients were divided into two groups(CD and UC)to explore their clinical characteristics and possible risk factors for reduced BMD.RESULTS The CD group was significantly more prone to osteopenia and osteoporosis compared to the UC group;44%of the CD patients had normal BMD,19%had osteopenia,and 37%had osteoporosis,while 78%of the UC patients had normal BMD,7%had osteopenia,and 25%had osteoporosis(P value<0.05).In the CD group,the lowest t-score showed a statistically significant correlation with body mass index(BMI)(r=0.45,P<0.001),lumbar z-score(r=0.77,P<0.05)and femur z-score(r=0.85,P<0.05).In the UC group,the lowest t-score showed only statistically significant correlation with the lumbar z-score(r=0.82,P<0.05)and femur z-score(r=0.80,P<0.05).The ROC-curve showed that low BMI could predict the lowest t-score in the CD group with the best cut-off value at≤23.43(m/kg2);area under the curve was 0.73(95%CI:0.59–0.84),with a sensitivity of 77%,and a specificity of 63%.CONCLUSION Saudi patients with IBD still have an increased risk of reduced BMD,more in CD patients.Low BMI is a significant risk factor for reduced BMD in CD patients.

基于I-Miner及S语言的分类算法研究

分类是一种重要的数据挖掘技术,其目的是根据数据集的特点构造一个分类函数或分类模型(也常常称作分类器),该模型能把未知类别的样本映射到给定类别中的某一个。通过介绍I-Miner下的数据挖掘实验方法,并利用S语言做成的脚本,实现了在I-Miner中没有实现的算法,主要介绍S语言实现分类算法中的K-最邻近算法,通过对不同数据集的实验,验证了K-最邻近算法的特性,并以此为今后改进算法做好基础。

S＋Miner系统下决策树与神经元网络的比较研究

分类是一种重要的数据挖掘技术，其目的是根据数据集的特点构造一个分类函数或分类模型，该模型能把未知类别的样本映射到给定类别中的某一个。通过介绍企业级数据挖掘工具S＋Miner下的实验方法，用S语言分别实现分类型决策树及神经元网络算法并嵌入系统内，通过数据集实验比较分析了两种算法，为深入研究分类算法做好铺垫。

Study of Rock Mechanic Property and Mineralogy Relationship of the Huai Hin Lat Formation, Sap Phlu Basin, Northeastern Thailand: Implications for Understanding of Shale Gas Reservoir Rock

Thailand is lacked of gas that more information of probable (P2) and possible (P3) reserve data including shale gas can be acceptable to prove (P1) reserve data for new gas field. This research had implicated for understanding of unconventional reservoir rock by rock mechanical, micro-CT, and geochemistry analysis of the Huai Hin Lat Formation. The rock mechanical analysis is composed of average young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and compressive strength of 1933.79 MPa, 0.1472, and 52.56 MPa. The average porosity of 6.89% consists of 5.41% and 1.48% of closed and open porosities. The average mineralogical results consist mainly of 57.60% and 42.40% of brittle and ductile minerals indicating more elasticity except Bed 6. The Bed 6 is significantly higher quartz (15%) and brittle minerals (64%) indicating to easier fracture are, therefore, lower compressive strength (25.93 MPa), young’s modulus (1729.10 MPa) and Poisson’s ratio (0.0705). The Beds 3B is slightly higher clay containing slightly higher closed porosity (5.46%) but the Bed 14 is slightly higher brittle mineral indicating to slightly higher open porosity.

ArcGIS^TMProximity and Cluster Analysis of Electron Probe Micro-Maps of Round Top Critical Mineral Deposit

Critical and rare earth elements are in high demand for their increasing incorporation in modern technological devices for applications in the military, industrial, commercial, and consumer sectors. Round Top Mountain, a rhyolite laccolith in Sierra Blanca, west Texas, U.S.A. is a unique mineral deposit that offers opportunity for development of rare earth elements, especially the heavy rare earths, as well as associated critical elements. The main objective here is to evaluate the distances between accessory minerals of potential economic value (yttrofluorite, cryolite, uraninite, thorite, cassiterite, and columbite), and to major (potassium feldspar, albite, and quartz) and minor minerals (annite mi-ca, magnetite, and zircon). In this study we explore the proximity and clustering of these minor and accessory minerals, at the mi-cron-to-millimeter scale, from mineral maps constructed in a previous application of ArcGISTM tools to electron probe microanal-ysis (EPMA) element maps. Our goal is to determine whether specific minerals cluster spatially and, if so, at what distances. We noted that the high-value target yttrofluorite grains often neighbor potassium feldspar and quartz grains, but less commonly magnetite and mica grains. With regard to cluster analysis, most minor and accessory minerals were found to group together at small scales (low micrometer) and were dis-persed or random at larger (up to 1 mm) distances.

Mineral Particles Found on the Hairs of Holy Maria-Magdalena Studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Elemental Analysis

The presumed hairs of Holy Maria-Magdalena are studied here for mineral particles found on their surfaces, by the techniques of scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray. Exploration by these techniques of the hair surfaces allows us to observe and study some marble fragments that can originate from the walls of the sarcophagus in which Maria-Magdalena’s remains were kept. These new findings support the authenticity of the hair as traditionally reported in the French “tradition des Saints de Provence”.

Composition and Assemblage Characteristics of Magnetic Minerals in Layer S_(5-1) of Xifeng and Duanjiapo Sections

Relatively strongly magnetic fine components (<30μm, XS-4J and DS-4J) which are most environmentally sensitive were separated from layer S-{5-1} in the Xifeng and Duanjiapo loess sections and analyzed by MPV-3 for their morphometric characteristics and reflectance, SEM-ESD for their element contents and XRD for their mineral phases, respectively. The results showed that minerals in both samples are dominated by detrial Fe-Ti oxides of aeolian origin. In sample XS-4J the reflectance and iron contents of magnetic minerals are usually high. In addition to magnetite (Fe-3O-4), maghemite (γFe-2O-3) and hematite (Fe-2O-3), some Fe-high oxide ({72.25 wt%}-{86.67 wt%}), ilmenite (FeTiO-3), and magnetite-ulvspinel were also detected. In sample DS-4J obvious negative linear correlations were found between Ti and Fe, and the contents of Mn, Si, Al and Ca are usually high and the minerals are dominated by magnetite (maghemite), goethite (FeOOH) and limonite (containing Si and OH). In addition, the signs of corrosion of magnetic minerals and newly crystallized magnetite (maghemite) were recognized. Differences in the composition and assemblage characteristics of magnetite minerals between XS and DS reflect significant differences in source rocks and preserving conditions.