MINER RULE CONSIDERING FUZZINESS OF STRESS DAMAGE UNDER DIFFERENT LOAD SEQUENCES

Since the traditional Miner rule ignores the influence of the load sequence on the fatigue life, the fuzzy rules are used to analyze the fuzziness of the fatigue damage caused by the stress nearby the fatigue limit under different load sequences. The improved fuzzy Miner rule can reflect the influence of the load sequence on the fatigue life. Results of the example show that the prediction error can be reduced from 61.6% to 21.7%.

Geology and mineralization of the Hongqiling large magmatic nickel-copper-cobalt deposit(22×10^(4)t)in Jilin Province,China:A review

The Hongqiling large nickel-copper-cobalt deposit(hereafter referred to as the Hongqiling deposit),a typical mafic-ultramafic copper-nickel deposit in China,boasts proven Ni(Ni)resources of approximately 22×10^(4)t,associated copper resources of 2×10^(4)t,and associated cobalt(Co)resources of 0.5×10^(4)t,with Ni reserves ranking 10th among China's magmatic nickel deposits.Geotectonically,the Hongqiling deposit is situated in the superimposed zone between the Xing'an-Mongolian orogenic belt and the circum-Western Pacific's active continental margin belt.Its ore-bearing plutons occur within the metamorphic rocks of the Ordovician Hulan Group,with the emplacement of plutons and the locations of orebodies governed by the deep-seated Huifahe fault and its secondary NW-trending Fujia-Hejiagou-Beixinglong-Changsheng fault zone.In the deposit,the rock assemblages of ore-bearing plutons predominantly encompass gabbro-pyroxenite-olivine pyroxenite-pyroxene peridotite(pluton No.1)and norite-orthopyroxenite-harzburgite(pluton No.7),with ore-bearing lithofacies consisting primarily of olivine pyroxenite and pyroxenite facies.The Hongqiling deposit hosts stratoid,overhanging lentoid,veined,and pure-sulfide veined orebodies.Its ores principally contain metallic minerals including pyrrhotite,pentlandite,chalcopyrite,violarite,and pyrite.Despite unidentified magma sources of ore-bearing mafic-ultramafic rocks,it is roughly accepted that the magmatic evolution in the Hongqiling deposit primarily involved fractional crystallization and crustal contamination.The ore-forming materials were primarily derived from the upper mantle,mixed with minor crustal materials.The ore-bearing mafic-ultramafic rocks in the deposit,primarily emplaced during the Indosinian(208-239 Ma),were formed in an intense extension setting followed by the collisional orogeny between the North China Plate and the Songnen-Zhangguangcai Range Block during the Middle-Late Triassic.From the perspective of the metallogenic geological setting,surrounding rocks,ore-controlling structures,and rock assemblages,this study identified one favorable condition and seven significant indicators for prospecting for Hongqiling-type nickel deposits and developed a prospecting model of the Hongqiling deposit.These serve as valuable references for exploring similar nickel deposits in the region,as well as the deep parts and margins of the Hongqiling deposit.

γ-p-S_a-S_m-N SURFACE THEORY AND TWO-DIMENSIONAL RELIABILITY MINER RULE FOR FATIGUE RELIABILITY-BASED DESIGN

First of all, the concept of γ_p_S a_S m_N (confidence level_reliability_stress amplitude_stress mean_fatigue life) surface is presented. Then the formulas of p_S a_S m_N surface and γ_p_S a_S m_N surface are derived. In addition, fatigue strength distribution function and two_dimensional reliability Miner rule are obtained. At last, an example is given.

PROBABILISTIC MINER’S RULE IN FATIGUE RELIABILITY

Firstly, constant amplitude P-S_a-S_m-N_c surface family is established.Secondly, four basic assumptions, i.e., monotonically increasing, non-coupling, separability andnonintersecting of fatigue damage accumulation are proposed from the viewpoint of both damagemechanics and fracture mechanics. Then the individual isodamage D-S_a-S_m-N surface under constantamplitude loading is constructed and the two-dimensional individual Miner's rule is derived.Consequently, the two-dimensional probabilistic Miner's rule (TPMiner) is established and proved fora population subjected to variable amplitude loading. Finally, with successfully experimentverification, TPMiner proves be to very useful and feasible in fatigue reliability theory.

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.

Self-adapting extraction of matrix mineral bulk modulus and verification of fluid substitution

Gassmann＇s equations are commonly used for predicting seismic wave velocity in rock physics research.However the input matrix mineral bulk modulus parameters are not accurate,which greatly influences the prediction reliability.In this paper,combining the Russell fluid factor with the Gassman-Biot-Geertsma equation and introducing the dry-rock Poisson＇s ratio,we propose an effective matrix mineral bulk modulus extraction method.This method can adaptively invert the equivalent matrix mineral bulk modulus to apply the Gassmann equation to fluid substitution of complex carbonate reservoirs and increase the fluid prediction reliability.The verification of the actual material fluid substitution also shows that this method is reliable,efficient,and adaptable.

疲劳可靠性设计中的γ-p-S_a-S_m-N曲面理论与二维可靠性Miner公式

首先提出了γ＿ｐ＿Ｓａ＿Ｓｍ＿Ｎ（置信度＿可靠度＿应力幅值＿应力均值＿疲劳寿命）曲面概念；然后导出了ｐ＿Ｓａ＿Ｓｍ＿Ｎ曲面和γ＿ｐ＿Ｓａ＿Ｓｍ＿Ｎ曲面的极大似然估计式；并给出了指定寿命下的疲劳强度概率分布和二维可靠性Ｍｉｎｅｒ公式，最后。

Miner Rule中损伤率对计算疲劳寿命的影响

研究了ＭｉｎｅｒＲｕｌｅ中载荷累积频次分布和ＳＮ曲线相互作用下出现的“过损伤”和“欠损伤”现象及其对计算疲劳寿命的影响问题。提出了以损伤率等于１作为计算疲劳寿命的依据，并分析了这种做法的正确性和实用性。研究了损伤率等于１条件下疲劳寿命的计算方法。此方法能有效地消除疲劳寿命预测中的计算误差，提高预测结果的准确性。

Use Chou’s 5-Steps Rule to Predict Remote Homology Proteins by Merging Grey Incidence Analysis and Domain Similarity Analysis

Detecting remote homology proteins is a challenging problem for both basic research and drug development. Although there are a couple of methods to deal with this problem, the benchmark datasets based on which the existing methods were trained and tested contain many high homologous samples as reflected by the fact that the cutoff threshold was set at 95%. In this study, we reconstructed the benchmark dataset by setting the threshold at 40%, meaning none of the proteins included in the benchmark dataset has more than 40% pairwise sequence identity with any other in the same subset. Using the new benchmark dataset, we proposed a new predictor called “dRHP-GreyFun” based on the grey modeling and functional domain approach. Rigorous cross-validations have indicated that the new predictor is superior to its counterparts in both enhancing success rates and reducing computational cost. The predictor can be downloaded from https://github.com/jcilwz/dRHP-GreyFun.

The Geology and Tectonic Settings of China's Mineral Deposits by Franco Pirajno

China is the third largest country in the world, with a land area of about 9.6 million km2. It is endowed with abundant mineral resources, and the metal mining activity can be traced back to ca. 8000 years ago. However, due to language barrier, little has been known about the geology and tectonics to the outside world until 1980s. In the last three decades, a great deal of knowledge has been gained, enhanced by a vigorous cooperation between Chinese and Western geologists. Research papers about geological, geochemical, and geochronological features of mineral deposits of China are widely published and cited in international journals. A comprehen- sive and comprehensible English literature that summarises the features of mineral deposits in China, however, is still lacking.

Mutifactorial analysis of risk factors for reduced bone mineral density in patients with Crohn’s disease

AIM: To determine the prevalence of osteoporosis in a cohort of patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and to identify the relative significance of risk factors for osteoporosis. METHODS: Two hundred and fifty-eight unselected patients (92 M, 166 F) with CD were studied. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at the lumbar spine and hip by dual X-ray absorptiometry. Bone formation was assessed by measuring bone specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP) and bone resorption by measuring urinary excretion of deoxypyridinoline (DPD) and N-telopeptide (NTX). RESULTS: Between 11.6%-13.6% patients were osteoporotic (T score < -2.5) at the lumbar spine and/or hip. NTX levels were significantly higher in the patients with osteoporosis (P < 0.05) but BSAP and DPD levels were not significantly different. Independent risk factors for osteoporosis at either the lumbar spine or hip were a low body mass index (P < 0.001), increasing corticosteroid use (P < 0.005), and male sex (P < 0.01). These factors combined accounted for 23% and 37% of the reduction in BMD at the lumbar spine and hip respectively. CONCLUSION: Our results confirm that osteoporosis is common in patients with CD and suggest that increased bone resorption is the mechanism responsible for thebone loss. However, less than half of the reduction in BMD can be attributed to risk factors such as corticosteroid use and low BMI and therefore remains unexplained.

Indoor experiment and numerical simulation study of ammonia-nitrogen migration rules in soil column

The riverbank soil is a natural purifying agent for the polluted river water(Riverbank filtration, RBF). This is of great importance to groundwater safety along the riverbank. This paper examines the migration and transformation rules of ammonia-nitrogen in three typical types of sand soil using the indoor leaching experiment of soil column, and then makes comparison with the indoor experiment results in combination with the numerical simulation method. The experiment process shows that the change in ammonia-nitrogen concentration goes through three stages including "removal-water saturation-saturation". As the contents of clay particles in soil sample increase, the removal of ammonia-nitrogen from soil sample will take more time and gain higher ratio. During the removal period, the removal ratio of Column 1, Column 2 and Column 3 averages 68.8%(1-12 d), 74.6%(1-22 d) and 91.1%(1-26 d). The ammonia-nitrogen removal ratio shows no noticeable change as the depth of soil columns varies. But it is found that the ammonia-nitrogen removal ratio is the least of the whole experiment when the soil columns are at the depth of 15 cm. It can be preliminary inferred that the natural purifying performance of soil along the river for ammonia-nitrogen in river water mainly depends on the proportion of fine particles in soil. HYDRUS-1D model is used to simulate this experiment process, analyze the change of the bottom observation holes by time and depth in three columns(the tenth day), and make comparison with the experiment result. The coefficients of determination for fitting curves of Column 1, Column 2 and Column 3 are 0.953, 0.909, 0.882 and 0.955, 0.740, 0.980 separately. Besides, this paper examines the contribution of absorption, mineralization and nitrification in the simulation process. In the early removal stage, mineralization plays a dominant role and the maximum contribution rate of mineralization is 99%. As time goes by, absorption starts to function and gradually assumes a dominant position. In the middle and late removal stage, nitrification in Column 1 and Column 2 makes more contribution than mineralization. So the experiment result of the ammonia-nitrogen concentration is 0.6% and 2.4% lower than that in effluent and the maximum contribution ratio of nitrification is -4.53% and -5.10% respectively when only the function of absorption is considered. The mineralization in Column 1 and Column 2 in the middle and late removal stage still plays a more important role than nitrification. So the experiment result is 1.4% higher than that in effluent and the maximum contribution ratio of nitrification is -2.51% when only the function of absorption is considered. Therefore, absorption, mineralization and nitrification make different contributions during different part of the stage. This means that the natural purifying performance of soil along the river for ammonia-nitrogen in river water not only depends on the proportion of fine particles in soil, but depends on the mineralization and nitrification environment. This can offer some insights into the protection and recovery of groundwater along the riverbank.

Mitochondrial homeostasis in Parkinson＇s disease-a triumvirate rule？

Mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson＇s disease：Mitochondria are the primary energy generator of the cell and they are important for cell survival and apoptosis.Defective mitochondrial homeostasis is frequently reported in human diseases especially those affecting the brain.

Research on knowledge acquisition method about the IF/THEN rules based on rough set theory

The basic principles of IF/THEN rules in rough set theory are analyzed first, and then the automatic process of knowledge acquisition is given. The numerical data is qualitatively processed by the classification of membership functions and membership degrees to get the normative decision table. The regular method of relations and the reduction algorithm of attributes are studied. The reduced relations are presented by the multi-representvalue method and its algorithm is offered. The whole knowledge acquisition process has high degree of automation and the extracted knowledge is true and reliable.

Updated bone mineral density status in Saudi patients with inflammatory bowel disease

BACKGROUND Little is known about inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)burden and its impact on bone mineral density(BMD)among adult patients in Saudi Arabia.To the best of our knowledge,our study is the only study to give an update about this health problem in adult Saudi patients with IBD.IBD is a great risk factor for reduced BMD due to its associated chronic inflammation,malabsorption,weight loss and medication side effects.Consequently,screening for reduced BMD among patients with IBD is of utmost importance to curb and control anticipated morbidity and mortality among those patients.AIM To assess the relationship between IBD and BMD in a sample of adult Saudi patients with IBD.METHODS Ninety adult patients with IBD-62 Crohn’s disease(CD)and 28 ulcerative colitis(UC)-were recruited from King Fahad Specialist Hospital gastroenterology clinics in Buraidah,Al-Qassim.All enrolled patients were interviewed for their demographic information and for IBD-and BMD-related clinical data.All patients had the necessary laboratory markers and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans to evaluate their BMD status.Patients were divided into two groups(CD and UC)to explore their clinical characteristics and possible risk factors for reduced BMD.RESULTS The CD group was significantly more prone to osteopenia and osteoporosis compared to the UC group;44%of the CD patients had normal BMD,19%had osteopenia,and 37%had osteoporosis,while 78%of the UC patients had normal BMD,7%had osteopenia,and 25%had osteoporosis(P value<0.05).In the CD group,the lowest t-score showed a statistically significant correlation with body mass index(BMI)(r=0.45,P<0.001),lumbar z-score(r=0.77,P<0.05)and femur z-score(r=0.85,P<0.05).In the UC group,the lowest t-score showed only statistically significant correlation with the lumbar z-score(r=0.82,P<0.05)and femur z-score(r=0.80,P<0.05).The ROC-curve showed that low BMI could predict the lowest t-score in the CD group with the best cut-off value at≤23.43(m/kg2);area under the curve was 0.73(95%CI:0.59–0.84),with a sensitivity of 77%,and a specificity of 63%.CONCLUSION Saudi patients with IBD still have an increased risk of reduced BMD,more in CD patients.Low BMI is a significant risk factor for reduced BMD in CD patients.

Scattering Phase Correction for Semiclassical Quantization Rules in Multi-Dimensional Quantum Systems

While the scattering phase for several one-dimensional potentials can be exactly derived, less is known in multi-dimensional quantum systems. This work provides a method to extend the one-dimensional phase knowledge to multi-dimensional quantization rules. The extension is illustrated in the example of Bogomolny＇s transfer operator method applied in two quantum wells bounded by step potentials of different heights. This generalized semiclassical method accurately determines the energy spectrum of the systems, which indicates the substantial role of the proposed phase correction. Theoretically, the result can be extended to other semiclassical methods, such as Gutzwiller trace formula, dynamical zeta functions, and semielassical Landauer Buttiker formula. In practice, this recipe enhances the applicability of semiclassical methods to multi-dimensional quantum systems bounded by general soft potentials.

Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnosis Based on a Semantic Rule-Based Modeling and Reasoning Approach

Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a very complex disease that causes brain failure,then eventually,dementia ensues.It is a global health problem.99%of clinical trials have failed to limit the progression of this disease.The risks and barriers to detecting AD are huge as pathological events begin decades before appearing clinical symptoms.Therapies for AD are likely to be more helpful if the diagnosis is determined early before the final stage of neurological dysfunction.In this regard,the need becomes more urgent for biomarker-based detection.A key issue in understanding AD is the need to solve complex and high-dimensional datasets and heterogeneous biomarkers,such as genetics,magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),cerebrospinal fluid(CSF),and cognitive scores.Establishing an interpretable reasoning system and performing interoperability that achieves in terms of a semantic model is potentially very useful.Thus,our aim in this work is to propose an interpretable approach to detect AD based on Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis ontology(ADDO)and the expression of semantic web rule language(SWRL).This work implements an ontology-based application that exploits three different machine learning models.These models are random forest(RF),JRip,and J48,which have been used along with the voting ensemble.ADNI dataset was used for this study.The proposed classifier’s result with the voting ensemble achieves a higher accuracy of 94.1%and precision of 94.3%.Our approach provides effective inference rules.Besides,it contributes to a real,accurate,and interpretable classifier model based on various AD biomarkers for inferring whether the subject is a normal cognitive(NC),significant memory concern(SMC),early mild cognitive impairment(EMCI),late mild cognitive impairment(LMCI),or AD.

Melt extraction and mineralization: A case study from the Shuangjianzishan supergiant Ag-Pb-Zn deposit(208 Mt), Inner Mongolia, NE China

The supergiant Shuangjianzishan(SJZ) Ag-Pb-Zn deposit is in the southern segment of the Great Hinggan Range(SGHR), northeast China. Previous studies suggest the ore-forming material and fluid originated from the magmatic system, and the mineralization age was consistent with the diagenetic age. However,the relationship between granitic magmatism and mineralization is still unclear in the SJZ. In this study, CH-O-He-Ar and in-situ S-Pb isotope analyses were conducted to determine the sources of ore-forming fluids and metals, which were combined with geochemistry data of SJZ granitoids from previous studies to constrain the relationship between the magmatism and the mineralization. The C-H-O-He-Ar-S-Pb isotopic compositions suggested the SJZ ore-forming material and fluids were derived from a magmatic source, which has mixed a small amount of mantle-derived materials. In addition, the disseminated sulfide from the syenogranite has comparable S-Pb isotopic composition with the sulfide minerals from ore veins,suggesting that the generation of the SJZ ore-forming fluids has a close relationship with the syenogranite magmatism. Combining with the geochemical characters of the syenogranite, the authors proposed that the mantle-derived fingerprint of the SJZ ore-forming fluid might be caused by the parent magma of the syenogranite, which was derived from partial melting of the juvenile lower crust, and underwent the residual melts segregated from a crystal mush in the shallow magma reservoir. The extraction of the syenogranite parent magma further concentrated the fertilized fluids, which was crucial to mineralization of the SJZ Ag-Pb-Zn deposit.

基于I-Miner及S语言的分类算法研究

分类是一种重要的数据挖掘技术,其目的是根据数据集的特点构造一个分类函数或分类模型(也常常称作分类器),该模型能把未知类别的样本映射到给定类别中的某一个。通过介绍I-Miner下的数据挖掘实验方法,并利用S语言做成的脚本,实现了在I-Miner中没有实现的算法,主要介绍S语言实现分类算法中的K-最邻近算法,通过对不同数据集的实验,验证了K-最邻近算法的特性,并以此为今后改进算法做好基础。