Strategic equilibrium price analysis and numerical simulation of preponderant high-tech metal mineral resources

Based on exploitation compensation value system of preponderant high-tech metal mineral resources and distortion of pricing mechanism, social utility function was constructed to modify decision utility function of developers, and was extended to Stackelberg production decision model of preponderant high-tech metal mineral resources development. Analyzing the influences on market monopoly, output and price decision-making exerted by altruistic preferences, inequity aversion and sequential reciprocity fairness belief equilibrium, game fairness equilibrium which is significant in experimental economics can be obtained and verified by numerical simulation. In process of strategic pricing, method that uses the variation of producer surplus to measure strategic value from psychological preferences was proposed for the first time and technical support to improve exploitation compensation value system of preponderant metal mineral resources was available.

Challenges and new insights for exploitation of deep underground metal mineral resources

Long-term and continuous large-scale exploitation has increasingly exhausted shallow metal mineral resources,and deep mining has become inevitable.The current global status of deep mining of metal mineral resources was presented,a series of engineering challenges faced by deep mining were systematically analyzed,and some progress and future innovation focus in key engineering technologies,such as the prediction and prevention of rockburst,cooling techniques,rock support techniques,deep hoisting techniques,and several nontraditional deep mining techniques,were highlighted.Meanwhile,new insights into development strategies of deep mining technology were proposed.The integration of these forward-looking key innovative technologies will form the overall framework of an innovative technology system for the deep mining of metal minerals.This technology system will help to achieve safe,efficient,and green exploitation of deep underground metal mineral resources and ensure the sustainable development of the metal mining industry.

Regional Distribution and Sustainable Development Strategy of Mineral Resources in China

This paper summarizes the distribution and production layout of the major mineral resources in China,including coal,iron ore,copper and bauxite,from a national perspective.It also identifies the incompatibility between the mineral resources distribution and regional economic development.Significant issues with China's mineral resource industry cause challenges for the sustainable development of both the mining industry and the national socio-economy.The sustainability of regional mineral resources and the environmental pollution by mining in the western China were also analyzed.Results show that the distribution of China's mineral resources is misaligned with its regional layout of economic development.China's mineral resources have been over-exploited,and the mineral resources production in the eastern China is unsustainable.The continuously expanding production of mineral resources in the western China has heavily endangered the ecological environment.We propose strategies to boost the sustainable development of mineral resources,including measures to accelerate economic development and enhance the sustainability of domestic mineral resources.We also offer suggestions for scientifically planning the mineral resource prospecting and exploitation and regional economic layout,as well as for proactively undertaking industry transfer in the eastern China and raising the environmental benchmark requirements for the mineral industry in the central and western China.

Delineation of Potential Mineral Resources RegionBased on Geo-anomaly Unit

The geological anomaly unit method (GAUM) is a new way to delineate and evaluate ore finding targets in line with the “geological anomaly ore finding theory”. Comprehensive ore finding information from geological, geochemical and geophysical data is used for quantitative measurement of the “ore forming geological anomaly unit” in this paper. The main procedures are shown as follows: (1) The geo anomalous events associated with gold mineralization are analyzed in Tongshi gold field; (2) The zonation in the concentrated heavy minerals and the stream sediment elements of ore forming geo anomaly are studied in detail; (3) The deep geological structural framework is deduced by means of the synthetic geological interpretation of gravity and magnetic information; (4) The ore controlling geo anomalies and ore anomalies are chosen as the variables of the favorable ore forming indexes that can be used for the quantitative delineation and evaluation of the potential ore forming regions.

Spatial Effect of Mineral Resources Exploitation on Urbanization:A Case Study of Tarim River Basin,Xinjiang,China

Mineral resources exploitation significantly affects the spatial structure and evolutive trend of urbanization in arid areas.In this study,the spatial autocorrelation method and the spatial computation model were used to investigate the spatial impacts of mineral resources excavation and processing on comprehensive level of urbanization in the Tarim River Basin,Xinjiang,China for the years of 2000,2006 and 2008.The results are as follows:1)There was a spatial correlation of the development of mineral resources industry and the comprehensive level of urbanization in 2006 and 2008,with the spatial concentration trend rising significantly in 2006 and decreasing in 2008.2)The patterns of local spatial concentration of mineral resources industry and of the comprehensive level of urbanization were relatively stable,and the two patterns showed signs of spatial correlationship.The higher was the degree of the concentration of mineral resources industry,the stronger was its impact on the spatial clustering of urbanization.3)In 2000, mineral resources excavation and processing had a significant positive impact on the comprehensive level of urbanization in the region but not in its adjacent regions.However,in 2008,mineral resources excavation and processing significantly raised the comprehensive level of urbanization not only in the region but also in its neighboring regions.This research demonstrates that the development of mineral resources industry can strongly affect the trends and spatial patterns of urbanization.

＂Three Rare Mineral Resources＂ and Crystalline Graphite Have Become Prospecting Focuses in China

With the global rise of industries of the new-generation information technology, energy conservation and environmental protection, biotechnology, high-end manufacturing, new materials and clean-energy vehicles, traditional metal materials cannot meet the functional requirements. Consequently, ＂three rare mineral resources＂, regarded as the best altemative for current and future new industries, have received much attention among industrial circles and have become a new focus during the present geological prospecting in China.

Metallic Mineral Resources Assessment and Analysis System Design

This paper presents the aim and the design structure of the metallic mineral resources assessment and analysis system. This system adopts an integrated technique of data warehouse composed of affairs processing layer and analysis application layer. The affairs processing layer includes multiform databases (such as geological database, geophysical database, geochemical database), while the analysis application layer includes data warehouse, online analysis processing and data mining. This paper also presents in detail the data warehouse of the present system and the appropriate spatial analysis methods and models. Finally, this paper presents the prospect of the system.

Biotech key to unlock mineral resources value

This work aims to describe the history of biometallurgy in China,introduce the development and application of biometallurgy technologies in exploitation of mineral resources,and identify the main challenges and future directions.Although the earliest biometallurgy activities in China were documented in 6th−7th century BC,fundamental research and biometallurgy applications started relatively late in this country.Rapid development,from phenotypic to genotypic characterization of biometallurgy microorganisms,as well as from theoretical to practical applications,has been made in China since the 1950s.The integrated applications of biometallurgy technology in copper,gold,and uranium extraction ensured China’s economic reserves of strategic mineral resources.Developing more efficient microorganisms and strengthening the micro-interface reactions will be an effective way to improve the biometallurgy efficiency.Biometallurgy technologies can also be adapted to recovery of valuable metal from marine minerals and e-wastes and environmental protection including carbon sequestration and heavy metal polluted soil/sediment bioremediation.

GIS—A Tool to Change Traditional Way of Mineral Resources Appraisal

Because of the wide application of digital spatial information technology to geology, a large spatial database in geology, geophysics, geochemistry and remote sensing is constructed, resulting in a change in conditions, methods and targets of mineral resources appraisal (MRA). In this paper, the difference between the GIS base MRA and the traditional MRA is studied.

Genetic Modeling of GIS-Based Cell Clusters and Its Application in Mineral Resources Prediction

This paper presents a synthetic analysis method for multi sourced g eo logical data from geographic information system (GIS). In the previous practices of mineral resources prediction, a usually adopted methodology has been sta tistical analysis of cells delimitated based on thoughts of random sampling. Tha t might lead to insufficient utilization of local spatial information, for a cel l is treated as a point without internal structure. We now take “cell clusters ”, i. e. , spatial associations of cells, as basic units of statistics, thus th e spatial configuration information of geological variables is easier to be dete cted and utilized, and the accuracy and reliability of prediction are improved. We build a linear multi discriminating model for the clusters via genetic algor ithm. Both the right judgment rates and the in class vs. between class distan ce ratios are considered to form the evolutional adaptive values of the populati on. An application of the method in gold mineral resources prediction in east Xi njiang, China is presented.

Examination of Resource Curse Hypothesis: Mineral Resources Exploitation and Economic Growth in Xinjiang Autonomous Region

The mineral resources exploitation stage and the economic growth rate are various in different regions of Xinjiang Autonomous region. Using the method of location quotient, this paper identifies and classifies the intensive regions of three types of mineral resources, known as coal, oil and natural gas, respectively. The intensive regions of economic growth were also identified, according to the rate of per capita GDP growth at prefecture, autonomous prefecture and city. The relationships between different mineral resources and economic growth are different, for example, the relationship between economic growth and coal resource is positive, while the relationship between economic growth and oil resource, or natural gas resource is negative. This study empirically examines the effects of natural resources on economic growth of Xinjiang. The results show that whilst natural resources have a positive impact on growth, and can make a negative impact on growth through the transmission channels, such as investment, manufacture, human capital, and scientific and technologic innovation. Moreover, it studies the transmission channels, that is, the effect of natural resources on the other explanatory variables, and calculates the indirect effect of natural resources on growth for each transmission channel, and comprehensive effects of natural resources on growth. The calculated result of comprehensive effects indicates that the positive direct effects of natural resources on growth are shown to outweigh the negative indirect effect of Xinjiang autonomous region.

Application of Transient Electromagnetic Method with Multi-Radiation Field Sources in Deep Edge Mineral Resources Exploration

In recent years,in order to meet the practical needs of deep edge mine detection with large depth and high precision,transient electromagnetic method(TEM)near emission source detection mode has become an international advanced method(Xue et al.,2020).

Revised Stratigraphy and Mineral Resources of Balochistan Basin, Pakistan: An Update

The Balochistan basin is located on the south western part of Balochistan Province and also Pakistan. Balochistan super basin is subdivided into northern Balochistan (Pishin basin or Kakar Kohorasan basin represented as back arc basin), central Balochistan (Chagai-Raskoh-Wazhdad Magmatic arc and Hamuns-Inter arc basin) and southern Balochistan (Makran Siahan basin) basins. Balochistan basin consists of Cretaceous to recent sediments, diverse igneous rocks and low grade metamorphics. Balochistan basin is a leading basin which consists of very significant mineral deposits especially copper and gold deposits. These mineral resources need to be developed for the development of areas, province and Pakistan. During previous half century a lot of geological work has been done in Balochistan basin. Here the revised stratigraphic set up and its mineral resources with an update are being presented.

Development of a power control system for AUVs probing for underwater mineral resources

Valuable mineral resources are widely distributed throughout the seabed. autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are preferable to remotely-operated vehicles (ROVs) when probing for such mineral resources as the extensive exploration area makes it difficult to maintain contact with operators. AUVs depend on batteries, so their power consumption should be reduced to extend exploration time. Power for conventional marine instrument systems is incorporated in their waterproof sealing. External intermittent control of this power source until termination of exploration is challenging due to limitations imposed by the underwater environment. Thus, the AUV must have a power control system that can improve performance and maximize use of battery capacity. The authors developed such a power control system with a three-step algorithm. It automatically detects underwater operational states and can limit power, effectively decreasing power consumption by about 15%.

Priority-sequence of mineral resources' development and utilization based on grey relational analysis method

Generally, the sequence decision of the development and utilization of Chinese mineral resources is based on national and provincial overall plan of the mineral resources. Such plan usually cannot reflect the relative size of the suitability of the development and utilization of mineral resources. To solve the problem, the paper has selected the gift condition, the market condition, the technological condition,socio-economic condition and environmental condition as the starting-points to analyze the influential factors of the priority-sequence of mineral resources' development and utilization. The above 5 conditions are further specified into 9 evaluative indicators to establish an evaluation indicator system. At last,we propose a decision model of the priority sequence based on grey relational analysis method, and figure out the observation objects by the suitability index of development. Finally, the mineral resources of a certain province in China were analyzed as an example. The calculation results indicate that silver(2.0057), coal(1.9955), zinc(1.9442), cement limestone(1.9077), solvent limestone(1.5624) and other minerals in the province are suitable for development and utilization.

Supply-Demand Situation and Exploration of Mineral Resources in China during 2016-2017

During 2016-2017,both the supply and demand of China’s main mineral resources continued to grow.The import of major energy resources and metal ore resources,such as iron ores,crude oil,natural gas,coal and bauxite,except for copper,has shown a substantial increase(Table1).In order to guarantee economic development needs,the

Research and application of mineral resources assessment by weights of evidence model based on SIG

Geological data are usually of the characteristics of multi-source, large amount and multi-scale. The construction of Spatial Information Grid overcomes the shortages of personal computers when dealing with geological data. The authors introduce the definition, architecture and flow of mineral resources assessment by weights of evidence model based on Spatial Information Grid (SIG). Meanwhile, a case study on the prediction of copper mineral occurrence in the Middle-Lower Yangtze metallogenic belt is given. The results show that mineral resources assessement based on SIG is an effective new method which provides a way of sharing and integrating distributed geospatial information and improves the efficiency greatly.

Chinese Geological Prospecting Gets Good Harvest, and Mineral Resources and Reserves Increase Gratifying in 2012

On March 27, 2013, the Ministry of Land and Resources held a news conference to announce a significant achievement in Chinese geological prospecting work in 2012. According to government/industry statistics, proved reserves of oil and natural gas have increase substantially in 2012. Newly proven national petroleum geological reserves are 15.2 million tons, a year-on-year growth of 13%, which is the tenth time of more than 1 billion tons since the founding of People＇s Republic of China; newly proven technically recoverable reserves are 270 million tons, a year-on-year growth of 7%. The 2012 national newly proved reserves from natural gas exploration are 961.22 billion cubic meters, a year-on-year growth of 33%, which is the highest level in our history; the new proven technically recoverable reserves are 500.8 billion cubic meters, a year-on-year growth of 36%. National natural gas production was 106.76 billion cubic meters, a year-on-year growth of 5.4%. The Ordos, Tarim and Sichuan basins are still the main producing areas of natural gas in China. In 2012, national oil production was 205 million tons, a year-on-year growth of 1%, which made a steady increase. The national coal-bed methane production was 2.57 billion cubic meters, a year-on-year growth of 24%.

Discussion on Nontraditional Mineral Resources

In this paper, the authors introduce the concept of nontraditional mineral resources, and propose the major system of nontraditional mineral resources, including nontraditional resources, research methods, mining and mineral economics. Then the authors conclude that the research on nontraditional mineral resources is not only significant to satisfication the human needs in the 21st century, but also important to the development of the present geological theory.

Important Issues of Sustainable Development:Research of Nontraditional Mineral Resources

Nontraditional resources refer to that potential mineral resources are unconsidered and unutilized under actual condition of technique, economic and environment, or some mineral resources are too difficult to find because of geological complexity. There are some signified problems about discovery and exploration of nontraditional mineral resources to be discussed in this paper. It is a very significant project next century, and makes development bases for offspring, which its research and practice the theory of nontraditional mineral resources need interactive combination.