The Israelite people began to have kings hundreds of years after the Mosaic Law was given to them from God,and with kings from David and then his family,they experienced no substantial dynastic changes in the southern...The Israelite people began to have kings hundreds of years after the Mosaic Law was given to them from God,and with kings from David and then his family,they experienced no substantial dynastic changes in the southern kingdom of Judah.Later,the Israelites were ruled by kings or emperors of other nations until the State of Israel was restored in its historical land after World War Two.Without any written law comparable to the Mosaic Law,the earliest Zhou kings of China claimed to be Sons of Heaven and Heaven worship was inherited by later emperors.Heaven worship has features in common with the monotheistic religion of the Israelites,such as that a king should obey the will of God.With changes of dynasties,Heaven worship actually means that heaven could be renamed and the former Son of Heaven had no life-long priesthood in serving Heaven.After the redemptive work of Jesus Christ had fulfilled the Mosaic Law,Heaven worship had little relation with faith in God,the Creator.展开更多
The evident connection between human evolu- tion and climatic changes has been concurred by scientists. Although many people are trying to forecast the impacts of climatic changes on our future society, there are not ...The evident connection between human evolu- tion and climatic changes has been concurred by scientists. Although many people are trying to forecast the impacts of climatic changes on our future society, there are not any studies to quantitatively scrutinize the interrelation between climatic changes and social developments by using historical data. In line with this knowledge gap, this study adopted a scientific approach to compare the paleoclimatic records with the historical data of wars, social unrests, and dynastic transitions in China spanned from the late Tang to Qing Dy- nasties. Results showed that war frequency in cold phases was much higher than that in mild phases. Besides, 70%— 80% of war peaks and most of the dynastic transitions and nationwide social unrests in China took place in cold phases. This phenomenon could be attributed to the diminishing thermal energy input in cold phases resulting in the fall of land-productivity and hence, the deficiency of livelihood re- sources across society. Accompanied with certain social cir- cumstances, this kind of ecological stress was transformed into wars and social unrests, followed by dynastic transitions in most of the cases. By closer examination, it was even found that war frequency was negatively correlated with tempera- ture anomaly series. As land carrying capacities vary from one climatic zone to another, the magnitude of war-tempera- ture association also differed among different geographic regions. It is suggested that climatic change was one of the most important factors in determining the dynastic cycle and alternation of war and peace in ancient China.展开更多
基金A Study on the Relationship of Augustine’s Thought and the Enneads of Plotinus(奥古斯丁思想与普罗提诺《九章集》的关系研究),awarded by the National Social Science Fund of China(中国国家社科基金),number:17BZJ024.
文摘The Israelite people began to have kings hundreds of years after the Mosaic Law was given to them from God,and with kings from David and then his family,they experienced no substantial dynastic changes in the southern kingdom of Judah.Later,the Israelites were ruled by kings or emperors of other nations until the State of Israel was restored in its historical land after World War Two.Without any written law comparable to the Mosaic Law,the earliest Zhou kings of China claimed to be Sons of Heaven and Heaven worship was inherited by later emperors.Heaven worship has features in common with the monotheistic religion of the Israelites,such as that a king should obey the will of God.With changes of dynasties,Heaven worship actually means that heaven could be renamed and the former Son of Heaven had no life-long priesthood in serving Heaven.After the redemptive work of Jesus Christ had fulfilled the Mosaic Law,Heaven worship had little relation with faith in God,the Creator.
基金This work was supported by the CRCG grant(HKU7123/029)from HKRGCCRCG for the project entitled“The processes of desertification and its control in North China”from HKUthe Hundred-Talents Project from the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS2002-2004).
文摘The evident connection between human evolu- tion and climatic changes has been concurred by scientists. Although many people are trying to forecast the impacts of climatic changes on our future society, there are not any studies to quantitatively scrutinize the interrelation between climatic changes and social developments by using historical data. In line with this knowledge gap, this study adopted a scientific approach to compare the paleoclimatic records with the historical data of wars, social unrests, and dynastic transitions in China spanned from the late Tang to Qing Dy- nasties. Results showed that war frequency in cold phases was much higher than that in mild phases. Besides, 70%— 80% of war peaks and most of the dynastic transitions and nationwide social unrests in China took place in cold phases. This phenomenon could be attributed to the diminishing thermal energy input in cold phases resulting in the fall of land-productivity and hence, the deficiency of livelihood re- sources across society. Accompanied with certain social cir- cumstances, this kind of ecological stress was transformed into wars and social unrests, followed by dynastic transitions in most of the cases. By closer examination, it was even found that war frequency was negatively correlated with tempera- ture anomaly series. As land carrying capacities vary from one climatic zone to another, the magnitude of war-tempera- ture association also differed among different geographic regions. It is suggested that climatic change was one of the most important factors in determining the dynastic cycle and alternation of war and peace in ancient China.
