On Evaluating University Teachers’ Morality and Ethics in the New Era

University teachers play an important role in promoting moral and political education among university students.Regular and long-term construction of teachers’morality and ethics will contribute to the success of the fundamental task of cultivating talents.The present study proposes that due to the multiple identities of university teachers,it is necessary to evaluate the construction of teachers’morality and ethics in terms of what to evaluate and how to evaluate?It is expected that the attempt will provide useful guidance for the construction of university teachers’morality and ethics.

基于OBE理念的Mini-CEX评估模式在神经内科临床实习教学中的应用

目的探讨基于OBE理念的Mini-CEX评估模式在神经内科临床实习教学中的应用实效。方法选择2022年5月1日至2023年4月30日在神经内科实习的100名学生作为研究对象,将其分成实验组(n=50)和对照组(n=50)。实验组在OBE理念指导下,以学习成果为导向,细化教学目标,并应用Mini-CEX评估模式进行测评和反馈,对照组采用与实验组相同的评估方式,并按照传统教学流程进行。结合观察数据,分析对比2组学生实习开始时和实习结束时的各项指标数据。结果实习结束时,实验组临床接诊、体格检查、人文医学、临床诊断、健康咨询、组织效果、整体评价等评分得到明显提升,且高于对照组P值;实习结束后,技能考试成绩方面,实验组得分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而且实验组满意度评价得分也比对照组更高。结论基于OBE理念的Mini-CEX评估教学模式应用于神经内科临床实习教学,可以增强学生临床实践技能培育效果。

情境模拟团队急救教学结合Mini-CEX评分法在急诊科住培中的应用研究

目的探讨情境模拟教学结合迷你临床演练评估(mini-clinical evaluation exercise,MiniCEX)评分在提升急诊科住院医师临床胜任力的教学效果。方法选取2022年3月至2022年9月中山大学附属第一医院急诊科轮转的48名住院医师进行情境模拟教学,培训前后使用Mini-CEX评分表进行团队急救能力评估和临床胜任力自我评价。比较培训前后住院医师的团队急救能力和临床胜任力自我评价。结果情境模拟团队急救能力培训前学员急救能力评估分为(31.31±1.32)分,培训后学员急救能力评估分为(46.31±2.20)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。培训前临床胜任力自我评价评分为(25.50±4.75)分,培训后临床胜任力自我评价评分为(40.81±5.50)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论情境模拟团队急救培训提高了急诊科轮转住院医师的团队急救能力、临床胜任力和救治危重症患者的信心。

依托网络平台的Mini-CEX与DOPS在妇产科本科临床教学中的应用

探究依托网络平台的Mini-CEX与DOPS在妇产科本科临床教学中的应用效果。方法 分别选取2017级、2018级妇产科本科临床实习生各30人,设为对照组(常规带教)、实验组(Mini-CEX联合DOPS评价及针对性带教),对比两组临床教学效果。结果 实验组各项出科考核成绩均高于对照组,教学后实验组各项Mini-CEX考核得分、DOPS考核得分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 在妇产科本科临床教学中,依托网络平台开展Mini-CEX联合DOPS评价及针对性带教,可有效提升临床教学效果。

CBL联合Mini-CEX评估在全科住院医师糖尿病教学中的应用效果

目的探讨基于案例教学(case-based learning,CBL)联合形成性评价迷你临床演练评估(mini-clinical evaluation exercise,Mini-CEX)在全科住院医师糖尿病教学中的应用效果。方法选择该院2019级—2022级全科住院医师114名为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组57人。观察组采用CBL联合Mini-CEX教学模式,对照组采用传统教学模式,两组住院医师在入科前后进行理论考核,课后进行问卷调查,比较两组考核成绩及教学满意度。结果两组住院医师出科考核成绩均高于入科考核成绩,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);对照组理论成绩为(75.63±7.46)分,观察组为(84.09±8.83)分,观察组Mini-CEX评估各个维度的评分均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。CBL联合Mini-CEX评估的教学满意度高于传统教学模式。结论CBL与Mini-CEX评估相结合有助于活跃课堂气氛、激发学习热情,在培训中取得良好的学习效果。

MDT联合Mini-CEX模式在肿瘤学专培生护理教学中的应用价值

目的 探讨多学科会诊联合迷你临床演练评估(multiple disciplinary team+mini-clinical evaluation exercise,MDT+Mini-CEX)模式在肿瘤学专培生护理教学中的应用价值。方法 2019级9月—2021级9月,选择四川大学华西医院60名2019级—2021级肿瘤学专科医生规范化培训(简称“专培”)护理生,使用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各30名。对照组使用传统教学方法,观察组使用MDT联合Mini-CEX模式。课程结束后对2组学生进行实践操作考核、理论知识考核和问卷调查,调查教学效果。结果 观察组实践操作考核成绩高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。观察组理论知识考核成绩高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。问卷调查中观察组“是”选项比例高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论 将MDT联合Mini-CEX模式应用于肿瘤学专培生护理教学中,可以增强学生的临床实践能力,提高理论成绩,提升综合素质。

参照系培训法用于临床Mini-CEX考核教师培训的效果评价

评价引入参照系培训法(FOR)进行教师培训对临床迷你临床演练评估(Mini-CEX)考核的影响。方法 选取江苏大学附属医院参与学期末Mini-CEX考核的教师共56名,1:1随机分配为试验组和对照组。制作参考系录像,对试验组进行培训,培训过程为“指标解读—录像1评分—公布标准分—错误反馈—组内讨论—现场答疑—录像2评分”。分析试验组教师培训中两次录像的评分结果,对比试验组和对照组学期末Mini-CEX考核的情况,并对受培训教师进行满意度调查。结果 试验组教师培训中录像2评分的一致性和准确性高于录像1;学期末考核中,试验组教师考核评分的一致性和准确性高于对照组;受培训教师对培训方式、培训内容、培训效果的满意度较高,对培训时长的满意度较低。结论 采用FOR对教师培训有利于提高Mini-CEX考核中评分的一致性和准确性,且受培训教师总体满意度较高。

Mini-CEX联合CBL教学法在胰腺外科实习教学中的应用

目的:探讨迷你临床演练评估联合案例中心教学法在胰腺外科实践教学中的应用。方法:将68名在胰腺外科实习的五年制医学生随机分为试验组和对照组,每组34人,分别采用Mini-CEX联合CBL教学法和传统教学模式。比较两组在出科考试和问卷调查中的表现,以综合评估学习质量。结果:试验组与对照组理论考核成绩无显著差异(P>0.05);试验组的实际操作和案例分析成绩、问卷调查评分均优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:Mini-CEX联合CBL教学法在胰腺外科的实践教学中具有良好的效果,可以提高学生对相关知识的掌握程度。

基于标准化病人的Mini-CEX模式在急诊医学教学中的应用研究

本研究旨在探究基于标准化病人(SP)的Mini-CEX临床教学模式在急诊医学基地本科教学中的实际应用效果。方法 首先从接受临床医学课程理论教学的不同班级采用传统方式及结合SP与Mini-CEX的教学模式。教学实施结束后,通过学生教学评分表、理论考核评分表以及综合技能考核评分表等工具,对两种教学模式的效果进行了对比分析。结果 与传统教学模式相比,结合SP与Mini-CEX的教学模式在学生的满意度上表现更为出色(P<0.05),得到了学生的广泛喜爱和认可。同时,实验班学生在理论考核和综合技能评分上也表现出更高的水平。这一教学模式在专业知识掌握、临床技能提升、协作意识锻炼以及逻辑思维培养等方面均展现出了显著的优势(P>0.05)。结论 结合SP与Mini-CEX的教学模式能够有效激发学生的学习兴趣,提高他们对知识的理解和掌握程度,进而提升他们的临床思维能力。

Mini-CEX联合开放式教学在医学本科生教学中的应用效果

目的评估临床医学本科生教学工作中,迷你临床演练评估(mini-clinical evaluation exercise,Mini-CEX)联合开放式教学的实施效果,并对学生的临床实践能力进行分析。方法选取2021年12月至2023年6月的300名临床医学本科生作为研究对象,按照时间顺序分为2组:对照组150名(2021年12月至2022年9月),给予常规教学方案;研究组150名(2022年10月至2023年6月),实施Mini-CEX联合开放式教学。评估上述教学措施实施后的各指标,包括考核成绩、临床实践能力、对教学措施的满意度。结果考核成绩分析显示,研究组理论成绩[(95.55±1.24)分]及实践成绩[(95.56±1.34)分]均高于对照组[(85.25±1.33)分、(84.38±1.26)分],差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);临床实践能力对比显示,研究组学生的能力得到有效改善,且各指标评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);研究组学生对教学措施的满意度(98.67%)高于对照组(93.33%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论Mini-CEX联合开放式教学的实施可以满足学生的教学需求,理论及实践评分高,对学生临床实践能力的提升具有积极意义。

Mini-CEX联合DOPS评价体系在牙体牙髓病学临床教学中的应用研究

目的:研究联合应用迷你临床演练评估(mini-clinical evaluation exercise,Mini-CEX)与诊疗技能直接观察法(direct observation of procedural skills,DOPS)评估量表在口腔医学专业本科生牙体牙髓病学临床实习教学中的应用效果。方法:对60名在牙体牙髓科实习的口腔医学专业本科生分别在实习开始(0个月)、实习中期(1个月)和实习结束(3个月)时采用Mini-CEX评测量表评测综合病例诊治能力,DOPS量表测评窝洞制备、橡皮障隔离、开髓术等基本临床技能操作并行统计学分析。结果:共完成Mini-CEX量表评测180次,DOPS量表评测540次。随着实习阶段的进展,两种量表的得分均逐步提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:联合应用Mini-CEX与DOPS评估方法能够有效促进实习医师临床实践能力的培养,值得在牙体牙髓病学的本科临床实习教学中推广。

Comparative evaluation of commercial Douchi by different molds:biogenic amines,non-volatile and volatile compounds

To provide new insights into the development and utilization of Douchi artificial starters,three common strains(Aspergillus oryzae,Mucor racemosus,and Rhizopus oligosporus)were used to study their influence on the fermentation of Douchi.The results showed that the biogenic amine contents of the three types of Douchi were all within the safe range and far lower than those of traditional fermented Douchi.Aspergillus-type Douchi produced more free amino acids than the other two types of Douchi,and its umami taste was more prominent in sensory evaluation(P<0.01),while Mucor-type and Rhizopus-type Douchi produced more esters and pyrazines,making the aroma,sauce,and Douchi flavor more abundant.According to the Pearson and PLS analyses results,sweetness was significantly negatively correlated with phenylalanine,cysteine,and acetic acid(P<0.05),bitterness was significantly negatively correlated with malic acid(P<0.05),the sour taste was significantly positively correlated with citric acid and most free amino acids(P<0.05),while astringency was significantly negatively correlated with glucose(P<0.001).Thirteen volatile compounds such as furfuryl alcohol,phenethyl alcohol,and benzaldehyde caused the flavor difference of three types of Douchi.This study provides theoretical basis for the selection of starting strains for commercial Douchi production.

Evaluating grant proposals:lessons from using metrics as screening device

Purpose:This study examines the effects of using publication-based metrics for the initial screening in the application process for a project leader.The key questions are whether formal policy affects the allocation of funds to researchers with a better publication record and how the previous academic performance of principal investigators is related to future project results.Design/methodology/approach:We compared two competitions,before and after the policy raised the publication threshold for the principal investigators.We analyzed 9,167 papers published by 332 winners in physics and the social sciences and humanities(SSH),and 11,253 publications resulting from each funded project.Findings:We found that among physicists,even in the first period,grants tended to be allocated to prolific authors publishing in high-quality journals.In contrast,the SSH project grantees had been less prolific in publishing internationally in both periods;however,in the second period,the selection of grant recipients yielded better results regarding awarding grants to more productive authors in terms of the quantity and quality of publications.There was no evidence that this better selection of grant recipients resulted in better publication records during grant realization.Originality:This study contributes to the discussion of formal policies that rely on metrics for the evaluation of grant proposals.The Russian case shows that such policy may have a profound effect on changing the supply side of applicants,especially in disciplines that are less suitable for metric-based evaluations.In spite of the criticism given to metrics,they might be a useful additional instrument in academic systems where professional expertise is corrupted and prevents allocation of funds to prolific researchers.

Evaluating Parameterizations for Turbulent Fluxes over the Landfast Sea-Ice Surface in Prydz Bay, Antarctica

It is crucial to appropriately determine turbulent fluxes in numerical models.Using data collected in East Antarctica from 8 April to 26 November 2016,this study evaluates parameterization schemes for turbulent fluxes over the landfast seaice surface in five numerical models.The Community Noah Land Surface Model with Multi-Parameterizations Options(Noah_mp)best replicates the turbulent momentum flux,while the Beijing Climate System Model(BCC_CSM)produces the optimum sensible and latent heat fluxes.In particular,two critical issues of parameterization schemes,stability functions and roughness lengths,are investigated.Sensitivity tests indicate that roughness lengths play a decisive role in model performance.Based on the observed turbulent fluxes,roughness lengths over the landfast sea-ice surface are calculated.The results,which can provide a basis for setting up model parameters,reveal that the dynamic roughness length(z0m)increases with the increase of frictional velocity(u*)when u*≤0.4 m s^(−1) and fluctuates around 10^(−3 )m when u*>0.4 m s^(−1);thermal roughness length(z0t)is linearly related to the temperature gradient between air and sea-ice surface(ΔT)with a relation of lg(z0t)=−0.29ΔT−3.86;and the mean water vapor roughness length(z0q)in the specific humidity gradient(Δq)range ofΔq≤−0.6 g kg^(−1) is 10^(−6) m,3.5 times smaller than that in the range ofΔq˃−0.6 g kg^(−1).

Method for Evaluating Bolt Competitive Failure Life Under Composite Excitation

In this study,the competitive failure mechanism of bolt loosening and fatigue is elucidated via competitive failure tests on bolts under composite excitation.Based on the competitive failure mechanism,the mode prediction model and“load ratio-life prediction curve”(ξ-N curve)of the bolt competitive failure are established.Given the poor correlation of theξ-N curve,an evaluation model of the bolt competitive failure life is proposed based on Miner’s linear damage accumulation theory.Based on the force analysis of the thread surface and simulation of the bolt connection under composite excitation,a theoretical equation of the bolt competitive failure life is established to validate the model for evaluating the bolt competitive failure life.The results reveal that the proposed model can accurately predict the competitive failure life of bolts under composite excitation,and thereby,it can provide guidance to engineering applications.

Mini-CEX联合DOPS在泌尿外科情景模拟技能操作规范化培训中的应用

目的探索Mini-CEX联合DOPS在泌尿外科情景模拟技能操作规范化培训中的应用价值。方法选取2022年3—5月在中山大学附属第一医院泌尿外科轮转的住院医师40人为观察组,采用临床情景模拟下的Mini-CEX联合DOPS在培训中期和末期进行临床操作技能的形成性评估;选取2021年3—5月在泌尿外科轮转的住院医师40人为对照组,仅进行终结性评价。两组均进行出科考核。结果观察组在出科时的形成性评估成绩优于轮科中期,出科考核成绩及技能操作水平高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论Mini-CEX联合DOPS在泌尿外科情景模拟技能操作规范化培训中可以增强培训效果。

Evaluating the weekly changes in terrestrial water storage estimated by two different inversion strategies in the Amazon River Basin

In this study,we estimated the weekly Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment(GRACE)spherical harmonic(SH)solutions and regional mascon solutions using GRACE-based Geopotential Difference(GPD)data and investigated their abilities in retrieving terrestrial water storage(TWS)changes over the Amazon River Basin(ARB)from January 2003 to February 2013.The performance of the weekly GPD-SH and GPDmascon solutions was evaluated by comparing them with the weekly GFZ-SH solutions,Global Land Data Assimilation Systems(GLDAS)-NOAH hydrological model outputs,and monthly GFZ-SH,GPD-SH,and CSRmascon solutions in the spatio-temporal and spectral domains.The results demonstrate that the weekly GPD-SH and GPD-mascon present good consistency with the weekly GFZ-SH solutions and GLDAS-NOAH estimates in the spatio-temporal domains,but GPD-mascon presents stronger signal amplitudes and more spatial details.The comparison of the monthly average of weekly estimates and monthly solutions demonstrates that the weekly GPD-mascon and GFZ-SH with DDK1 filtering are close to the monthly CSRmascon and GFZ-SH solutions,respectively.However,the signal amplitudes of TWS changes from GPD-SH and GFZ-SH with 650 km Gaussian filtering are smaller than the monthly solutions,and the corresponding Root Mean Square Errors between the TWS change time series from the monthly average of weekly solutions and monthly estimates are 18.12 mm(GPD-mascon),18.81 mm(GFZ-SH-DDK1),24.93 mm(GPDSH-G650km),and 33.07 mm(GFZ-SH-G650km),respectively.Additionally,the TWS change time series derived from weekly solutions present more high-frequency time-varying information than monthly solutions.Furthermore,the 300 km Gaussian filtering can improve the signal amplitudes of TWS changes from the weekly GPD-SH solutions more than those with 650 km Gaussian filtering,but the corresponding noise level is higher.The weekly GPD-SH and GPD-mascon solutions can extend the application scopes of GRACE and provide good complements to the current GRACE monthly solutions.

沉浸式教学和Mini-CEX在急诊科医护人员ACLS系统化培训中的应用效果

探讨沉浸式教学法结合Mini-CEX评估量表在急诊科医护人员ACLS系统化培训中的应用效果。方法 选取广西某三级甲等综合医院急诊科30名护士和10名医生作为研究对象,以4人组急救团队进行培训,每组1名医生和3名护士,由美国心脏协会认证的高级生命支持(ACLS)导师为培训老师,设置沉浸式教学方案对急诊团队成员进行 ACLS 培训,通过角色扮演、多方互动、环境暗示、模拟过程、结果反馈、研练结合等形式进行培训,运用Mini-CEX评估量表对团队培训过程进行评价。结果 培训后90%医护人员认可沉浸式教学法结合Mini-CEX评估量表有利于急诊医护人员ACLS培训,培训后医护人员的临床急救实践能力和评判性思维能力提高。结论 沉浸式教学法结合Mini-CEX评估量表对比传统教学法,可有效提高医护人员的ACLS理论知识熟练程度和教学满意度。

Spectral purification improves monitoring accuracy of the comprehensive growth evaluation index for film-mulched winter wheat

In order to further improve the utility of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)remote-sensing for quickly and accurately monitoring the growth of winter wheat under film mulching, this study examined the treatments of ridge mulching,ridge–furrow full mulching, and flat cropping full mulching in winter wheat.Based on the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE) method, four agronomic parameters (leaf area index, above-ground biomass, plant height, and leaf chlorophyll content) were used to calculate the comprehensive growth evaluation index (CGEI) of the winter wheat, and 14 visible and near-infrared spectral indices were calculated using spectral purification technology to process the remote-sensing image data of winter wheat obtained by multispectral UAV.Four machine learning algorithms, partial least squares, support vector machines, random forests, and artificial neural network networks(ANN), were used to build the winter wheat growth monitoring model under film mulching, and accuracy evaluation and mapping of the spatial and temporal distribution of winter wheat growth status were carried out.The results showed that the CGEI of winter wheat under film mulching constructed using the FCE method could objectively and comprehensively evaluate the crop growth status.The accuracy of remote-sensing inversion of the CGEI based on the ANN model was higher than for the individual agronomic parameters, with a coefficient of determination of 0.75,a root mean square error of 8.40, and a mean absolute value error of 6.53.Spectral purification could eliminate the interference of background effects caused by mulching and soil, effectively improving the accuracy of the remotesensing inversion of winter wheat under film mulching, with the best inversion effect achieved on the ridge–furrow full mulching area after spectral purification.The results of this study provide a theoretical reference for the use of UAV remote-sensing to monitor the growth status of winter wheat with film mulching.

Mini-CEX结合DOPS教学在产科护理教学中的应用

目的探讨对于产科护理实习生的教学工作,采用迷你临床演练评估(mini-clinical exercise evaluation,Mini-CEX)、操作技能直接观察评估(direct observation of procedural skills,DOPS)教学的应用效果。方法选择2022年2—12月接收的112名产科护理实习生,按随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组,每组56名。对照组采取常规护理教学方式,研究组采取Mini-CEX结合DOPS教学,经过2个月实习,对2组实习生进行Mini-CEX考核和DOPS考核,并且应用自制的满意度问卷来调查实习生的意见,评价教学满意度情况。结果研究组的产科护理实习生Mini-CEX考核的各项分值高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);研究组产科护理实习生的DOPS考核总分[(90.12±3.26)分]高于对照组DOPS考核总分[(81.15±3.12)分],差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);研究组的产科实习生满意度(94.64%)高于对照组满意度(78.57%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论产科护理教学中应用Mini-CEX结合DOPS教学的效果满意,可提高实习生的满意度。