Discussion on Improving Decision-making Meteorological Service Level of County-level Meteorological Station

Based on experience of meteorological service at county-level meteorological station in recent 20 years,status quo of decision-making meteorological service,main influence factors of decision-making meteorological service and writing of decision-making meteorological service materials are analyzed,and measures and suggestions of improving decision-making meteorological service level are proposed. The research aims to improve public meteorological service level at grass-roots level,provide scientific decision-making basis for government departments preventing and reducing disaster,and reduce loss of life and property of the country and people caused by meteorological disasters to the maximum extent.

Development and Application of Comprehensive Platform of Operation in Professional Meteorological Station

[Objective] The aim was to study the development and application of operation in comprehensive platform of professional meteorological station.[Method] Taking the operation platform of professional meteorological station in Yantai City as an example,and by dint of VB language and Mysql database technology,the ideas of comprehensive platform development of operation in professional meteorological station,main contents of the platform and its main functions were introduced.[Result] The platform mainly used VB language and Mysql database technology.Gathering together the forecast making,forecast inventory and check,surveillance of data uploading and machine operation and records of shifts,the interface was simple,visual and easy to handle.It reduced reporters’ workload,improved their work efficiency and was the favorite of majority reporters.[Conclusion] The study provided reference for the improvement of work efficiency of each professional meteorological station.

Maintenance of Storage Batteries in Automatic Meteorological Observation Stations

Firstly, the definition, structure and working principles of storage batteries in automatic meteorological observation stations were stated simply, and then the daily maintenance of the storage batteries were introduced according to previous practical experience, finally typical faults of storage batteries were analyzed. Practical evidence shows that timely external maintenance and enough supply of electrolyte can greatly extend the lifespan of storage batteries.

Towards Increasing Data Availability for Meteorological Services: Inter-Comparison of Meteorological Data from a Synoptic Weather Station and Two Automatic Weather Stations in Kenya

Meteorological data is useful for varied applications and sectors ranging from weather and climate forecasting, landscape planning to disaster management among others. However, the availability of these data requires a good network of manual meteorological stations and other support systems for its collection, recording, processing, archiving, communication and dissemination. In sub-Saharan Africa, such networks are limited due to low investment and capacity. To bridge this gap, the National Meteorological Services in Kenya and few others from African countries have moved to install a number of Automatic Weather Stations (AWSs) in the past decade including a few additions from private institutions and individuals. Although these AWSs have the potential to improve the existing observation network and the early warning systems in the region, the quality and capacity of the data collected from the stations are not well exploited. This is mainly due to low confidence, by data users, in electronically observed data. In this study, we set out to confirm that electronically observed data is of comparable quality to a human observer recorded data, and can thus be used to bridge data gaps at temporal and spatial scales. To assess this potential, we applied the simple Pearson correlation method and other statistical tests and approaches by conducting inter-comparison analysis of weather observations from the manual synoptic station and data from two Automatic Weather Stations (TAHMO and 3D-PAWS) co-located at KMD Headquarters to establish existing consistencies and variances in several weather parameters. Results show there is comparable consistency in most of the weather parameters between the three stations. Strong associations were noted between the TAHMO and manual station data for minimum (r = 0.65) and maximum temperatures (r = 0.86) and the maximum temperature between TAHMO and 3DPAWS (r = 0.56). Similar associations were indicated for surface pressure (r = 0.99) and RH (r > 0.6) with the weakest correlations occurring in wind direction and speed. The Shapiro test for normality assumption indicated that the distribution of several parameters compared between the 3 stations were normally distributed (p > 0.05). We conclude that these findings can be used as a basis for wider use of data sets from Automatic Weather Stations in Kenya and elsewhere. This can inform various applications in weather and climate related decisions.

Comprehensive Assessment and Analysis of National Surface Meteorological Observation Stations: A Case Study of Hebei Province

With the rapid development of China s economic construction and the rapid advancement of urban-rural integration construction, meteorological detection environment has been damaged repeatedly, which seriously affects the representativeness, accuracy, and comparability of meteorological data, so it is urgent to protect meteorological detection environment. Based on the investigation and evaluation method of detection environment of national ground meteorological observation stations and high-altitude meteorological observation stations, satellite remote sensing data, and climate analysis method, the evaluation method of detection environment and meteorological data was improved to comprehensively assess the detection environment and meteorological data of stations. After the evaluation results were compared with the results of the survey and evaluation in 2013, it is found that the new assessment method maintains the continuity of detection environment assessment and can objectively reflect the changes of the station detection environment. The research on the method and standard for the evaluation of detection environment and data analysis of meteorological stations provides a scientific basis for the establishment of detection environmental protection plans by stations at all levels, and provides technical support for the scientific and rational adjustment of station network by administrative departments at all levels.

MEDIUM-RANGE OSCILLATION OF METEOROLOGICAL ELEMENTS AT GREAT WALL STATION,ANTARCTICA

A method of multi-spectral analysis is used to study the spectral characteristics of surface and upper-level meteorological elements over the Great Wall Station (62°12'S, 58°57'W), Antarctica and their phasecorrelation, propagation of mean oscillation at 500hPa level in the Southern Hemisphere and their corresponding synoptic sense. the results are summed up as follows: 1. Over the sub-Antatctic zone, as in the Northern Hemisphere there generally exist quasi-weekly oscillation and quasi-biweekly oscillation. In different seasons the oscillations of meteorological elements are different: in winter season quasi-biweekly oscillation is dominant, while in summer season quasi-weekly oscillation is dominant. 2. From the Earth's surface to the lower stratosphere there is a distinct quasi-weekly oscillation at each isobaric surface, but the most intense oscillation appears at 200-300hPa, and the oscillations of height and temperature are propagated downward. 3. Both in winter and summer seasons the quasi-biweekly oscillation are propagated from west to east, and the mean velocity of its propagation is about 7-17 longtitude / day. 4. The quasi-biweekly oscillation and the quasi-weekly oscillation over the sub - Antarctic zone are closely related to the activity and intensity variation of polar vortex at 500hPa, while at 1000hPa they reflect an interaction between the circumpolar depression and the sub-tropical high. The quasi-biweekly oscillation may be a reflection of inherent oscillation of the polar vortex, where as the quasi-weekly oscillation is a result of forced oscillation by external disturbance.A large number of calculations and analysis made reveals the features of medium-range oscillation over the sub-Antarctic zone. The results are of significance for understanding the behaviour of synoptic dynamics and making the weather forecast.This work is supported by National Committee for Antarctic Research.

Annual variations in the meteorological parameters at Jinnah Station，East Antarctica

he analysis of meteorological data obtained from the Installed Automatic Weather Station (AWS) at Jinnah Station (70. 24°S, 25. 45°E ). East Antarctica is presented. This paper describes the meteorological conditions of Jinnah Station for the years of 1991 and 1993. Due to some technical problems the data could not be received continuously in the year 1992. The significant temperature difference is found between the warmest and the coldest months. Climate shows the moderating effect of ocean.Low pressure and strong wind are common which represents the location of the station lies in the circum-POlar low pressure belt. The prevailing wind direction for all over the year is ESE.

Comparison and Analysis of Data at Traffic Meteorological Observation Station during Beijing Winter Olympic Games Period

This paper presents a comparison and analysis method of data at traffic meteorological observation station during Beijing Winter Olympic Games period based on Grubbs criterion. By comparing the data of a set of standard multi-element observation stations with the data of multiple measured traffic stations, the outliers of each element data at each station were analyzed. It could provide data support for the maintenance of Zhangjiakou traffic meteorological observation station and a guarantee for the accuracy of forest service during Beijing Winter Olympic Games period.

Climate and meteorological processes of the East Antarctic ice sheet between Zhongshan and Dome-A

The 1228 km over-snow traverse route between the Chinese Zhongshan Station, on the coast of Prydz Bay, and Dome-A, at 4091 m elevation the highest point of the East Antarctic ice sheet, has been the focus of CHINARE surface meteorological and climate studies since 2002. A network of seven Automatic Weather Stations has been deployed along this section, including at Dome-A itself, and some of these have now provided nearly-hourly data for over a decade. Atmospheric boundary layer turbulence and radiation observations have been made over the near-coastal ice sheet inland of Zhongshan and surface turbulence measurements using an ultrasonic anemometer system have also been made in the deep interior of the ice sheet. Summer GPS radiosonde soundings of the atmospheric boundary layer have been made at Kunlun Station, near Dome-A. In this paper these observations are combined to provide a comprehensive overview of the meteorological regime of this region of the ice sheet, its climate variability, and as a reference for future study of climate change. This includes investigation of the variation of surface climate features with elevation and distance from the coast, the height and structure of the boundary layer over the ice sheet, and seasonal and regional changes in ice/snow-air interactions, including turbulent and radiative energy fluxes. The air temperature and snow temperature between the coastal Zhongshan and Dome-A on the inland plateau have not changed significantly in the past decade compared with the inter-annual variability.

Discussion on the Assessment Method of Wind Energy Resources by Using Regional Meteorological Data

The exploitation status of wind energy resources was analyzed, and the distribution of wind energy resources and regional meteorological stations were introduced, and then the assessment method of wind energy resources by using data from regional meteorological station was studied taking Huangjin Regional Meteorological Station in Xinning County in Hunan Province for example, besides, corresponding software was compiled. By means of SQL database and program, the method was used simply and easily and had positive meaning for the development of wind energy resources and excavation of wind farm in inland region.

地面自动气象站数据流式处理设计与实现

针对观测密度和频次日益增加的海量地面自动气象站数据,在气象大数据云平台(天擎)中设计了基于Storm的实时流式处理,利用大规模并行处理的优势提高地面自动气象站数据的处理时效。在流式处理中,设计处理拓扑直接解码标准格式的数据消息;消息确认采用手工确认的方式,将数据解码组件锚定数据接入组件,实现每条数据的可靠处理;数据解码时进行字节校验和时间检查等,过滤异常数据;应用批量加定时的发送策略,解决海量监控信息发送气象综合业务实时监控系统(天镜)的问题;集群部署时保留部分剩余资源,有效应对单节点异常。应用效果表明:国家气象站小时数据的服务时效由全国综合气象信息共享系统(CIMISS)的175 s提高至天擎的78 s,约6×10^(4)个区域气象站小时数据的服务时效由CIMISS的5 min提高至天警的2 min,实况分析系统将数据源切换至天擎后,相同时间检索可获取的站点数量较CIMISS增加1倍。2021年12月基于Storm的流式处理与天擎一同在国省业务化运行,实现了长期稳定运行,为MICAPS4、SWAN2.0、实况分析系统等用户提供高效稳定的地面自动气象站数据。

全站仪气象改正公式优化研究

为了提高全站仪长距离测距精度,提出一种全站仪气象改正公式的优化方法。对气象改正公式进行了分析,发现存在一定误差和优化的空间。为了降低改正公式引起的残余误差,以最小化残余误差之和为优化目标,将气象公式系数调整转化为最优化问题。借助野外长基线上部署的密集环境参数传感器阵列,实时记录全站仪长时间连续测距时的环境参数;利用测距数据构造优化函数,对改正公式系数的不同组合进行优化调整和验证,实验数据分析结果表明:优化后,测距误差均值可减小99.8%,误差的标准偏差减小81.2%。为验证所提出方法的有效性,将优化系数后的改正公式应用于其他测量时间段的测距补偿,结果显示,残余误差也同样得到有效降低,优化幅度达到37%以上。表明气象改正公式系数优化是显著降低野外测距误差的有效方法。

海南岛冬季瓜菜寒害气象指标及发生规律研究

利用海南岛18个气象站的1971—2020年冬季(12月至翌年2月)气象数据和灾情资料,构建考虑阴雨寡照影响、能量化寒害过程影响程度且具备生物学特征的冬季瓜菜寒害气象指标。在此基础上结合Mann-Kendall趋势检验法和ArcGIS技术,得出海南岛冬季瓜菜寒害时空变化规律。结果表明:冬季各月及各月轻至重度瓜菜寒害发生概率较高的地区主要分布在海南岛西北部和中部,出现概率较低的地区主要分布在西部、南部、东部沿海一带。冬季各月瓜菜寒害均主要以轻、中度等级为主,二者占比高达88.3%。3个月中,1月瓜菜寒害发生次数最多(占比达48.6%),瓜菜轻至重度寒害亦均在1月出现最多(占比分别为50.2%、43.4%和40.2%)。近50年海南岛冬季各月瓜菜寒害年发生次数不显著减少的站点占多数(占比分别为83.3%、94.4%和72.2%),各月不同等级瓜菜寒害中除2月重度瓜菜寒害年发生次数呈增加趋势的站点较多(占比38.9%)外,其余等级瓜菜寒害年发生次数不显著减少的站点亦占多数(占比61.1%~88.9%)。冬季各月不同等级瓜菜寒害的影响范围均按寒害轻至重顺序明显缩小。3个月之间相比,12月和2月瓜菜寒害影响范围接近且明显小于1月,轻度和中度寒害影响范围月之间亦表现出类似规律,重度寒害影响范围12月和1月接近且明显大于2月。近50年海南岛冬季各月及各月所有等级瓜菜寒害影响范围均在缩小。总体而言,近50年海南岛冬季瓜菜寒害年发生次数减少、影响范围缩小,对海南岛冬季瓜菜种植有利。但2月东、中、西部地区瓜菜重度寒害年发生次数在增加,需加以关注。

基于稻田与台站气温的江西早稻高温热害指标对比

利用江西省90个县(区)2012-2021年国家气象站和2017-2021年8个稻田小气候站数据资料,分析稻田与相应台站气温差异,并对比台站日最高气温≥35℃指标H1(NS)、稻田日最高气温≥35℃指标H1(RS)、台站日最高气温≥37℃指标H2(NS)、稻田日最高气温≥37℃指标H2(RS)的高温热害统计结果,提出适用于江西的早稻高温热害指标,提升高温监测预警和防御能力。结果表明:(1)稻田较台站有降温效应,日最高气温(T_(max))、日平均气温(T)和日最低气温(T_(min))总体偏低0.6℃、0.4℃和0.3℃,且降温幅度随早稻生长增大,抽穗-成熟期>移栽-孕穗期>播种-移栽期。(2)高温期间,晴天条件下稻田降温幅度最大,T、T_(max)和T_(min)较相应台站平均偏低0.8℃、1.0℃和0.7℃,阴天多云和雨天稻田降温幅度总体较为接近。(3)H1(NS)热害下,稻田与相应台站的逐日气温、逐小时气温均差异显著,且夜间稻田降温强度大于白天。稻田气温总体偏低1.2℃左右,金溪稻田偏低最多,T、T_(max)和T_(min)平均偏低1.5℃、1.1℃和2.6℃。(4)不同指标统计近10a高温热害县(区)数、平均持续时间、灾害县(区)平均减产率模拟值和全省减产率模拟值,均以H1(NS)最大、H2(RS)最小。H2(NS)与H1(RS)统计的平均持续时间、灾害县(区)平均减产率模拟值和全省减产率模拟值差异不显著,但均与H1(NS)、H2(RS)统计结果差异显著,且H2(NS)统计的全省减产率模拟值与实际更接近。台站T_(max)≥37℃更适合作为江西省早稻高温热害指标。

基于FCM-LSTM的光热发电出力短期预测

对光热电站的出力进行短期预测,可以有效应对太阳能随机性和波动性带来的影响,为电网调度做好准备.该文以青海某光热电站为例,首先使用模糊C均值聚类算法对预处理后的实验数据进行分类,然后通过分析不同聚类类型下出力和气象数据中各因子间的关联程度,充分挖掘出数据间的关系,确定不同类型预测模型的输入变量,进而构建出不同类别下的长短期记忆神经网络预测模型.结果表明,与传统长短期记忆神经网络模型、BP神经网络模型、支持向量机模型和随机森林模型的预测结果相比,基于模糊C均值聚类的长短期记忆神经网络预测模型效果良好,大幅减少了预测误差,验证了该预测模型的有效性.

雨雪量计及风速风向仪在南京地铁中的应用

为了充分发挥气象条件对城市轨道交通运输效率和运输安全的积极作用,文章以南京地铁为研究对象,详细阐述了气象监测系统建设的必要性和建设过程。应用中通过在各线路车辆基地和正线站点布设用于监测降水的雨雪量计监测站和风速风向监测站,对雨雪量和风速风向数据进行实时监测,并传输至应急指挥中心的数据中心站,实现数据的展示和分析,以及相应阈值报警功能,为南京地铁的安全稳定运行提供有力保障。

厦门市台风事件CORS站网数据水汽反演及分析

针对厦门市3次台风事件,利用厦门市连续运行参考站(CORS)的GNSS观测数据,使用PANDA软件进行解算,反演出大气可降水量(PWV),将获取的ERA5再分析数据与反演出的PWV数据进行对比分析,在此基础上分析厦门市受台风影响期间GNSS-PWV变化特征与实际降雨量的关系.结果表明:PWV与ERA5数据具有较好的一致性;GNSS反演PWV具有较高的精度;GNSS-PWV能够较好地反映台风期间水汽的时空动态变化过程,其与降水量之间呈现出明显的相关性.

Analysis of Extreme Temperature Variability in Rwanda

The temperature is one of the most important factors in weather and climate forecasting.Studying its behaviour is crucial to understanding climate variability,which could vary spatially and temporally at local,regional,and global scales.Several recent studies on air temperature findings show that the Earth’s near surface air temperature increased between 0.6℃ and 0.8℃ throughout the twentieth century.Using temperature records from ten meteorological stations,this study examined climate variability in Rwanda from the 1930s to 2014.The air temperature data were collected from Meteo Rwanda.Before making the analysis,the authors used software,such as Excel 2007 and INSTAT to control the quality of the raw data.The analysis of maxima and minima indicated that the trends of maximum air temperature were positive and significant at height meteorological stations,whereas the trends for minimum air temperature were found to be at 10 meteorological stations.For all parameters analysed,Kigali Airport meteorological station indicated the higher significance of the trends.The majority of meteorological stations showed an increase in both hot days and nights,confirming Rwanda’s warming over time.The analysis of average seasonal air temperature showed almost similar trends even though not all were significant.This similarity in trends could be attributed to the fact that Rwanda’s short and long dry seasons coincide with rainy seasons.

便携式自动气象站在深圳机场的应用研究

在航空气象中,便携式自动气象站作为常规自动气象观测系统(下称自观系统)的重要备份,起到提供应急气象数据的保障作用。该文对长春雨睿电子科技有限责任公司的YRQX-20A型便携式自动气象站的组成结构、使用方法以及优缺点进行详细描述与分析,结合深圳机场观测业务运行的特点,经验证后有效地满足运行需求,为航空气象情报的准确和及时交换提供有效保障。