Study on the evaluation index system and evaluation method for self-elevating drilling unit design

In the process of designing self-elevating drilling unit, it is important, yet complicated, to use comparison and filtering to select the optimum scheme from the feasible ones. In this research, an index system and methodology for the evaluation of self-elevating drilling unit was proposed. Based on this, a multi-objective combinatorial optimization model was developed, using the improved grey relation Analysis （GRA）, in which the analytic hierarchy process （AHP） was used to determine the weights of the evaluating indices. It considered the connections within the indices, reflecting the objective nature of things, and also considered the subjective interests of ship owners and the needs of designers. The evaluation index system and evaluation method can be used in the selection of an optimal scheme and advanced assessment. A case study shows the index system and evaluation method are scientific, reasonable, and easy to put into practice. At the same time, such an evaluation index system and evaluation method will be helpful for making decisions for other mobile platforms.

Study and application of Toxicity Test Method Using Neomysis awatschensis in Toxicity Evaluation of Drilling Fluid

Neomysis awatschensis was collected on the west coast of Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao in 1992 and acclimated in the laboratory conditions. The acute toxicity method using 4~ 6 day juvenile mysid of this species is studied. The species is compared with M. bahia in taxonomy, geographic distribution, morphology, as well as the sensitivity to reference toxins. Based on the results, we recommend N. awatschensis to be a standard marine organism for toxicity test in China and the method to be applied in toxicity evaluation of drilling fluids. In this paper, we report the results of the above studies and the application of the method in the evaluation of several drilling fluid products.

Daqing Oilfield Liquid Phase Underbalanced Drilling Improving Drilling Speed Evaluation Method

Factors affecting the drilling speed are very complex, such as formation factor (layers lithology, depth, porosity and reservoir pressure), fluid density, drilling parameters (bit pressure and speed), drill types, etc. Although liquid phase underbalanced drilling technology is to increase the penetration rate and shorten the drilling cycle, there is no evaluation model currently, so we cannot evaluate which factors can have a greater impact on speed. Based on the establishment of equivalent density and improvement of ROP (Rate of Penetration) calculation model, this paper is about the application of underbalanced drilling technology to improve drilling speed multiple sizes.

A novel experimental system for performance evaluation of water powered percussive rock drill

A set of water powered excavation test system was developed for the comprehensive performance testing and evaluation of water powered percussive rock drill indoors. The whole system contains hydraulic power section, electronic control system, test and data acquisition system, and assistant devices, such as guideway and drilling bench. Parameters of the water powered percussive rock drill can be obtained by analyzing testing data, which contain impact energy, front and back cavity pressure, pressure and flow in each working part, drilling velocity, frequency and energy efficiency etc. The system is applied to test the self-designed water powered percussive rock drill SYYG65. The parameters of water powered percussive rock drill with impact pressure of about 8.9 MPa are 58.93 J for impact energy, and 8.97% for energy efficiency, which prove the effectiveness of system.

Laboratory Evaluation Procedures of Formation Damage Induced by Completion Fluids in Horizontal Wells

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钻井风险评价系统DrillRisk的研发与应用

钻井风险控制是提高钻井综合效率、确保施工安全和实现降本增效的关键环节,但目前国内研发的钻井实时风险监测系统缺乏钻前潜在风险预测及钻后风险跟踪评价的能力。基于钻井风险发生机理,采用地质因素和工程因素相耦合的方法,建立了钻井潜在风险可能性及严重度量化评价模型,基于钻井风险发生时的征兆规律建立了风险监测预警模型,同时融合钻井风险案例知识库,研发了钻井风险评价系统DrillRisk,构建了"钻前—钻中—钻后"的闭环评价体系。利用5口井的历史数据进行了模拟应用和模型改进优化,并在10余口井进行了现场应用,结果表明,在地质资料较为全面准确的条件下,常见风险的发现率达到86%,对高级别风险的防控起到了重要作用。钻井风险评价系统DrillRisk为区块钻井方案持续优化和最终实现"无风险"钻井目标提供了可行的技术手段。

Analysis of drilling difficulty of extended-reach wells based on drilling limit theory

With the continuous increase in vertical depths and horizontal displacements of directional wells,the difficulties of drilling operations continue to increase,and more accurate methods of drilling difficulty evaluation are needed.In this paper,a drilling difficulty evaluation method is built by combining drilling limit model and expert evaluation.Firstly,the concept of drilling difficulty index is introduced,and the method to calculate drilling difficulty index is established.Next,the meanings of five drilling difficulty levels are explained and the optimization design method with drilling difficulty as the target is built.At last,the theoretical model is applied to the extended-reach drilling of the Liuhua oilfield in the South China Sea,in which drilling difficulties are evaluated and the relationship between drilling difficulty and development control radius is revealed.The results indicate that extended-reach drilling in the Liuhua oilfield is on the“normal”difficulty level on average,rotary drilling in 8_(1/2)-in.section is the most difficult,and the main constraint conditions are excessive torque and high friction.Through technology upgradation,the drilling difficulties are decreased,the development control radius increases from 6.6 to 11.4 km,and the maximum horizontalto-vertical ratio increases from 5.3 to 8.7.Then,the development wells in marginal oilfields and adjustment wells in old oilfields can be drilled on“normal”difficulty level.Therefore,technology upgradation,especially drilling rig upgradation,is the most important development direction for extended-reach drilling in the South China Sea.

Household Drill Innovative Design under the Guidance of Ergonomics

The household drill is named 90 Degree, designed by Industrial Design Pilot Program Center(Hereinafter referred to as IDPPC) of Luxun Academy of Fine Arts(Hereinafter referred to as LAFA), which is the only national pilot program center in Chinese industrial design field. 90 Degree is designed for home environment, it helps inexperience users, such as women and the elderly, complete the operation easily, and it makes sure that safe operation and assistance users solve the precise punching, location, storage trash and other operations. According to research among users who can understand or manipulate a drill, the designers find problems of users from the user central perspective, and then they integrate product innovative design methods to propose solutions. When the designers intend to design 90 Degree, they attempt using the user behavior record and analysis system, and start ergonomics study in subjects by double hands operation analysis, using gesture analysis, details of work analysis, time and motion study, etc; meanwhile taking advantages of user experience analysis, behavior intention analysis to do user subjective perceptual evaluation. The functions, structure, shape, color, material, details of 90 Degree should be consistent with the standard of usability evaluation. There are two characteristics in 90 Degree, the first one is a transparent cover installed in front of the drill, which can collect the dust, rubbish when drilling and keep the work environment clean. So it is applicable for households. When the transparent cover of the drill is removed, it also can be used as a normal hand drill; the second one is the shape of 90 Degree makes it and the operating surface fitting together, thus enhancing the stability in operation, so it is best for inexperienced users. When 90 Degree contacts with the operating surface, it can emit the laser ray which helps the user to punch accurately, and make array punch more easily. After obtaining the data, charts, creating Shadow observation by the designers, they make a comprehensive evaluation on research results; verification advantages of 90 Degree meet the requirement of usability, reducing operating failure rate; and increasing safety factors. 90 Degree, in 2011, wined German Red Dot Design Award, which had become a representative excellent design example to resolve several drilling difficulties. The designers introduce ergonomics theory into design practice, and use scientific program and methods to evaluate the products which is useful to the development and promotion of products.

Study on a Polyamine-Based Anti-Collapse Drilling Fluid System

In complex strata, oil-based drilling fluid is the preferred drilling fluid system, but its preparation cost is high, and there are hidden safety risks. Therefore, the new progress of high-performance anti-collapse water-based drilling fluid at home and abroad is analyzed. It is difficult to prevent and control the well collapse. Once the well wall instability problem occurs, it will often bring huge economic losses to the enterprises, and the underground safety accidents will occur. In order to ensure the stability of the well wall and improve the downhole safety, the key treatment agent of water-based collapse drilling fluid is selected, the anti-collapse drilling fluid system is formulated, the evaluation method of drilling fluid prevention performance is established, and a set of water-based drilling fluid system suitable for easy to collapse strata in China is selected to ensure the downhole safety. The development trend of high performance anti-collapse water-based drilling fluid is expected to provide a reference for the research of high performance anti-collapse water-based drilling fluid system and key treatment agent.

Laboratory Study on 210°C High Temperature and Salt Resistant Drilling Fluid

Combined with the current research status in this area at home and abroad, with the improvement of salt and high temperature resistance as the research goal, the laboratory research of salt and high temperature resistant drilling fluid system has been carried out, and lubricants, inhibitors and stabilizers have been optimized. The final drilling fluid formula is: water + 3% sepiolite + 0.3% Na2CO3 + 3% RH-225 + 3% KCOOH + 3% G-SPH + 3% CQA-10 + 1.5% ZX-1 + Xinjiang barite, density 2.2 g/cm3, using hot-rolling furnace, environmental scanning electron microscope, high temperature and high pressure plugging instrument and Zeiss microscopes and other instruments use core immersion experiments, permeability recovery value experiments, and static stratification index methods to perform temperature resistance, reservoir protection, plugging performance, and static settlement stability performance of the configured drilling fluid., Inhibition performance, biological toxicity, salt resistance, anti-pollution performance have been tested, and it is concluded that the temperature resistance is good under the condition of 210°C, and the salt resistance can meet the requirements of 20% NaCl + 0.5% CaCl2 concentration. It has a good reservoir protection effect, the permeability recovery value can reach more than 90%, the performance of restraining water dispersion and cuttings expansion is good, the heat roll recovery rate can reach more than 85%, and the SSSI value shows that its settlement stability performance is good;Its plugging performance is good under high temperature and high pressure. It laid the foundation for the next step to promote the field application of the drilling fluid system.

钻柱腐蚀疲劳寿命评价和影响因素分析

油气钻井过程中钻柱受力复杂,容易发生断裂情况,根据现场情况评价钻柱腐蚀疲劳寿命可以为钻柱安全使用提供依据。从现场实用角度,通过轴向力、循环应力和疲劳极限的计算,对比了基于疲劳系数、寿命百分数和旋转计数的钻柱疲劳评价方法,并考虑了腐蚀的影响。分析结果表明,当在严重狗腿度的井段钻进时,弯曲应力和屈曲增加将加快钻柱疲劳失效;当对应的机械钻速降低、转速增加时,钻柱的剩余使用寿命将进一步降低;当发生较严重的腐蚀时,钻柱剩余使用寿命将迅速降低。在高抗拉井段和狗腿度变化大的井段的钻柱应定期倒换使用,以保障现场钻具安全规范使用。

直升机海上应急救援能力评估研究

将直升机海上应急救援过程中“事前预防—事中响应—事后恢复”3个阶段的安全问题考虑到应急救援体系中,可有效评估直升机海上应急救援能力,提高其应急救援效率。基于“5W1H”分析法设计研究框架,通过文献分析、问卷调查、专家咨询等方法对直升机海上应急救援能力评估指标进行筛选,确定出21项评价指标并构建直升机海上应急救援能力评估指标体系;利用基于D-S证据理论的层次分析法确定指标权重,运用模糊综合评估法构建直升机海上应急救援能力综合评估模型;将该评估模型应用到以海上风机维护人员受伤为例的救援演练中,得分为86.89,判定救援能力为“较强”。结果表明:该评价指标体系和评估模型有一定的实用性,能够有效评估直升机海上应急救援的能力。

鄂尔多斯盆地庆城油田页岩油开发技术探索与实践

为解决鄂尔多斯盆地庆城油田页岩油规模开发中遇到的技术难题,将矿场实践和理论分析相结合开展技术方法探索及认识创新。针对甜点定量预测难题,创建甜点指数(I_(SI)),构建地质品质指数(G_(GQ)),形成多学科三维甜点定量优选技术;针对提高油层钻遇率难题,构建了“四个迭代”的水平井轨迹实时调整技术;针对多油层叠合储量动用难题,建立4种差异化布井模式,形成页岩油水平井一次动用立体布井技术;针对页岩油单井产量递减快,含水下降慢的问题,形成页岩油水平井差异化闷、排、采技术。通过应用以上技术,庆城油田实现年均增长产油量50×10^(4)t,2023年产油量超过200×10^(4)t。庆城油田实现规模效益开发,坚定了国内陆相页岩油规模效益开发的信心,研究成果可为国内外同类页岩油开发提供借鉴。

高职石油钻井技术专业人才培养模式探索与实践

文章聚焦于高职院校石油钻井技术专业的人才培养模式,旨在探讨与实践产教结合与课程实训深度融合的教学方案。通过分析该专业的发展趋势和当前人才培养现状,明确了产学研用密切结合的培养策略在专业教育中的重要性。构建了与现代石油钻井技术对接的课程体系,引入实践教学案例,强化学生实际操作能力和解决实际问题的技能。通过对选定教学案例的实施与效果评估,得出行业需求导向型教学方法能有效提升人才培养质量的结论。

超深地层井壁失稳理论与控制技术研究进展

超深地层是我国油气勘探开发的重要领域,但因超深地层复杂地质环境导致的井壁失稳已经成为制约超深地层油气资源动用的重大技术难题之一。为此,从地质和工程2个方面系统总结分析了超深地层井壁失稳机理,进而分析了超深地层岩石物理力学实验及本构方程、地应力测量与地层压力预测等地质力学参数评价技术,并探讨了超深地层井壁稳定性评价理论与控制技术的研究进展,最后提出了促进超深地层钻井理论技术发展的建议。研究结果表明:①加强还原超深地层环境的岩石物性、力学和物理模拟实验研究,耐高温高压地应力和井筒压力测量仪器研发,是认识超深地层极端环境下岩石与地质力学特性的关键;②高温高压条件下的多场耦合岩石力学理论是构建超深地层井壁稳定性评价技术体系的基础;③攻关融合超深地层钻井的大尺寸多开井身结构设计、抗高温高压钻井液体系、防漏堵漏工艺与材料、精细控压钻井理论与工具等井壁稳定控制技术是实现超深井钻井提质增效的前提。结论认为,超深地层井壁失稳理论与控制技术的发展不仅推动了我国油气钻探朝着超深地层进军,还有力推动了深地工程科学考察、超深层油气勘探开发理论与装备的迭代与升级。

城市轨道交通应急演练体系发展现状与对策

应急演练是城市轨道交通应急管理的重要组成部分,其不仅可以提升城市轨道交通行业人员应急处置能力,也是评估检验城市轨道交通应急预案的重要手段。阐述城市轨道交通应急演练需求分析,在对我国城市轨道交通应急演练体系发展现状进行分析的基础上,针对城市轨道交通应急演练体系中存在的演练标准规范体系有待完善、应急演练联动程度较低、应急演练基地布局不合理等问题,提出城市轨道交通应急演练体系发展的对策建议,即构建具有应急演练过程支撑、应急演练评估培训及社会安全教育等功能的城市轨道交通应急演练综合中心,建立多专业联动和城市轨道交通与多部门协同的应急演练体系,构建城市轨道交通应急演练指南和评估指标体系,为我国城市轨道交通应急演练体系发展提供借鉴。

聚合物及小分子类页岩抑制剂研究进展

本文概述了聚合物及小分子类页岩抑制剂研究进展,特别关注国内外近年的相关研究成果。文章系统介绍了用于表征黏土水化膨胀和评价抑制剂性能的实验方法。此外,文章分类讨论了无机盐类、聚醚胺类、天然改性材料和聚合物类抑制剂的特点,展望了水基钻井液中页岩抑制剂的应用方向和主要发展趋势。

微喷带激光打孔质量评价及对喷孔流量的影响

喷孔参数和流量是研究微喷带水力性能的基础.为探究微喷带喷孔结构与喷洒特性,选取了国内外2种激光打孔的加强压边型微喷带,每组组孔包含12个喷孔,利用图像处理进行了喷孔参数测量与加工质量评价,并进行了喷孔流量试验.结果表明,2种微喷带从喷孔内侧和外侧测得的面积误差均小于10%;进口微喷带和国产微喷带喷孔的平均圆度分别为0.82~0.88和0.82~0.91,进口微喷带不同组孔内相同位置喷孔的圆度偏差系数低于0.040、流量偏差系数小于0.120,而国产微喷带喷孔的圆度偏差系数和流量偏差系数的波动较大,其值分别为0.009~0.069和0.057~0.475.因此以喷孔面积和圆度为指标,可对不同激光打孔的微喷带喷孔进行评价,当喷孔面积的波动范围和圆度偏差系数较小时,微喷带不同组孔内相同位置的喷孔流量差异性较小.

钻井液微纳米封堵性能评价方法研究进展

综述了国内外钻井液微纳米封堵性能的评价方法及发展动态,阐述了各评价方法的特点。并且对微纳米封堵评价方法的智能化、精确化发展进行了展望。为开发高效、智能、落地性强的微纳米封堵评价方法提供了新思路。

老年慢性硬膜下血肿病人钻孔引流术后谵妄风险评估体系的建立

目的:构建老年慢性硬膜下血肿(chrionic subdural hematoma,CSDH)病人钻孔引流术后谵妄(postoperative delirium,POD)的危险评估指标体系,为临床护士早期预警CSDH病人钻孔引流POD的发生提供参考,促进病人早日康复。方法:通过文献检索、分析筛选确定CSDH病人钻孔引流POD发生风险指标条目池,采用德尔菲专家函询法评价、修订CSDH病人钻孔引流POD发生风险因素,形成CSDH病人钻孔引流POD风险评估体系。结果:两轮函询问卷回收率为95.23%和100.00%,研究第1轮、第2轮函询中专家对评价内容的判断依据(Ca)、专家对问题的熟悉程度(Cs)分别为(0.93,0.94)、(0.80,0.84),本研究第1轮、第2轮专家权威程度(Cr)分别为0.86,0.89,两轮函询表明Cr较高,结果具有可靠性。本研究第1轮函询CV为0.045~0.551,肯德尔协调系数(Kendall′s W)为0.396;第2轮函询CV为0.078~0.318,Kendall′s W值为0.384。最终形成CSDH病人钻孔引流术后POD发生风险因素评估体系包含4个一级指标和16个二级指标。结论:基于德尔菲法构建老年慢性CSDH病人钻孔引流术后谵妄的危险评估指标体系信效度和预测能力较好,可为老年慢性CSDH病人钻孔引流术后谵妄的危险评估和预防提供量化指标。