Stereotactic body radiation therapy(SBRT) is an emerging treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma. This technique results in excellent local control rates with favorable toxicity profile despite being predominantly used...Stereotactic body radiation therapy(SBRT) is an emerging treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma. This technique results in excellent local control rates with favorable toxicity profile despite being predominantly used in heavily pretreated patients or those unsuitable for other local therapies. SBRT may be used as a sole treatment or in combination with other local therapies as well as a bridging strategy for patient awaiting liver transplants. This brief review describes current practice of SBRT with respect to radiation technique, patient selection and treatment concepts. It summarizes available evidence from retroand prospective studies evaluating SBRT alone, SBRT in combination with other treatments and SBRT compared to other local treatment approaches.展开更多
Evaluation of infertility indicated for women failed to conceive after one year of unprotected intercourse and for women over 35 years failed to conceive after 6 mo of unprotected intercourse, because the fertility de...Evaluation of infertility indicated for women failed to conceive after one year of unprotected intercourse and for women over 35 years failed to conceive after 6 mo of unprotected intercourse, because the fertility decline as women approach 40 years. Evaluation of infertile couple should begin with semen analysis of male partner. If the semen analysis is within normal range, evaluation then move on to female partner. Evaluation of the infertile woman should be carried in cost-effective manner to identify the causes of infertility using the least invasive methods. Methods of evaluation of infertile women include: 1) history and physical examination;2) evaluation of the male partner;3) documentation of ovulation;4) evaluation of the ovarian reserve;5) evaluation of cervical causes of infertility;6) evaluation of uterine causes of infertility;7) documentation of the tubal patency;and 8) exclusion of peritoneal causes of infertility. Evaluation of infertile couple should include evaluation of both partners. Semen analysis for the male partner, followed by documentation of ovulation and evaluation of genital tract patency. PCT is not used as routine evaluation of infertile women. Laparoscopy is not used as routine evaluation of infertile women unless there is suspected peritoneal factors of infertility or endometriosis or tubal occlusion. Ovarian reserve should only be done for infertile women with diminished response to external gonadotropins (not routine).展开更多
Parkinson's disease(PD)is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder and is characterized by its progressive course.The current therapies are aimed at alleviating symptoms by rescuing the unbalanced physiol...Parkinson's disease(PD)is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder and is characterized by its progressive course.The current therapies are aimed at alleviating symptoms by rescuing the unbalanced physiological dopamine metabolism and recovery of damaged neuronal circuits.However,these strategies result in insufficient clinical benefits for many patients and fail to halt disease progression.Therefore,new therapeutic targets could serve as the gateway against PD degeneration.One pathological hallmark of PD is the formation of intracytoplasmic protein inclusions or Lewy bodies,in neurons.Recent studies have suggested that Lewy bodies are formed similarly to aggresomes,and results have supported the concept that the novel cellular organelle,the aggresome,is a cytoprotective response that sequesters and facilitates clearance of potentially toxic protein aggregates.In addition,α-tubulin deacetylase has been shown to regulate aggresome formation and rescue neural cell viability in response to misfolded protein.Therefore,the regulation of aggresome formation to trigger cellular self-protection system could arrest PD progression.The present study discusses research progress related to Lewy bodies,aggresomes,and histone deacetylases,with an emphasis on histone deacetylase 6 and sirtuin type 2.展开更多
文摘Stereotactic body radiation therapy(SBRT) is an emerging treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma. This technique results in excellent local control rates with favorable toxicity profile despite being predominantly used in heavily pretreated patients or those unsuitable for other local therapies. SBRT may be used as a sole treatment or in combination with other local therapies as well as a bridging strategy for patient awaiting liver transplants. This brief review describes current practice of SBRT with respect to radiation technique, patient selection and treatment concepts. It summarizes available evidence from retroand prospective studies evaluating SBRT alone, SBRT in combination with other treatments and SBRT compared to other local treatment approaches.
文摘Evaluation of infertility indicated for women failed to conceive after one year of unprotected intercourse and for women over 35 years failed to conceive after 6 mo of unprotected intercourse, because the fertility decline as women approach 40 years. Evaluation of infertile couple should begin with semen analysis of male partner. If the semen analysis is within normal range, evaluation then move on to female partner. Evaluation of the infertile woman should be carried in cost-effective manner to identify the causes of infertility using the least invasive methods. Methods of evaluation of infertile women include: 1) history and physical examination;2) evaluation of the male partner;3) documentation of ovulation;4) evaluation of the ovarian reserve;5) evaluation of cervical causes of infertility;6) evaluation of uterine causes of infertility;7) documentation of the tubal patency;and 8) exclusion of peritoneal causes of infertility. Evaluation of infertile couple should include evaluation of both partners. Semen analysis for the male partner, followed by documentation of ovulation and evaluation of genital tract patency. PCT is not used as routine evaluation of infertile women. Laparoscopy is not used as routine evaluation of infertile women unless there is suspected peritoneal factors of infertility or endometriosis or tubal occlusion. Ovarian reserve should only be done for infertile women with diminished response to external gonadotropins (not routine).
文摘Parkinson's disease(PD)is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder and is characterized by its progressive course.The current therapies are aimed at alleviating symptoms by rescuing the unbalanced physiological dopamine metabolism and recovery of damaged neuronal circuits.However,these strategies result in insufficient clinical benefits for many patients and fail to halt disease progression.Therefore,new therapeutic targets could serve as the gateway against PD degeneration.One pathological hallmark of PD is the formation of intracytoplasmic protein inclusions or Lewy bodies,in neurons.Recent studies have suggested that Lewy bodies are formed similarly to aggresomes,and results have supported the concept that the novel cellular organelle,the aggresome,is a cytoprotective response that sequesters and facilitates clearance of potentially toxic protein aggregates.In addition,α-tubulin deacetylase has been shown to regulate aggresome formation and rescue neural cell viability in response to misfolded protein.Therefore,the regulation of aggresome formation to trigger cellular self-protection system could arrest PD progression.The present study discusses research progress related to Lewy bodies,aggresomes,and histone deacetylases,with an emphasis on histone deacetylase 6 and sirtuin type 2.
