A Minkowskian solution of the equation of General Relativity (as written by Einstein in 1915) is trivial because it simply means that both members of the equation are equal to zero. However, if alternatively, one cons...A Minkowskian solution of the equation of General Relativity (as written by Einstein in 1915) is trivial because it simply means that both members of the equation are equal to zero. However, if alternatively, one considers the complete equation with a non-zero constant Λ (Einstein 1917), a Minkowskian solution is no longer trivial because it amounts to impose a constraint on the right hand side of the equation (i.e. a non-null stress-energy tensor). If furthermore one identifies (as usual) this tensor to the one of a perfect fluid, one finds that this fluid has a positive energy density and a negative pressure that depend on the three constants of the equation (i.e. gravitational constant G, cosmological constant Λ and velocity of light c). When doing that (§1), one has to consider the “Minkowskian Vacuum” as a physical object of GR (an enigmatic non-baryonic Minkowskian fluid). Can one build a model of this object on the basis of a dynamical equilibrium between the effective gravitational attraction due to the positive energy density versus the negative pressure repulsion? We propose to study such a model, where the (enigmatic) fluid is assumed to exist only in a limited sphere whose surface acts like a “test body” sensitive to the gravitational field created by the fluid. No static equilibrium exists, but a pseudoNewtonian “dynamical equilibrium” (§2) can be reached if the pseudoEuclidean fluid is in state of expansion. Up to there, we have simply constructed a model of an “abstract Universe” (i.e. the limited sphere: There is no fluid outside this sphere!) that gives to a (purely mathematical) constant Λ a concrete physical meaning. We discover finally that our expanding fluid has not only dynamical (gravitational) properties (§3) but also optical properties that are connected with Doppler Redshift (§4). Remembering that recent observations in Cosmology indicate that the “real Universe” seems to be “Flat” and in “Accelerated Expansion”;remembering also (after all) that the archetypal Flat Universe is simply a Minkowskian Universe, we logically wonder if the unexpected Minkowskian global solution, could not be also a significant cosmological model (conclusion).展开更多
In the previous paper (JMP 2014) we showed that there exists a NeoMinkowskian Gravitational Expanding Solution of GR (General Relativity) with CC (Cosmological Constant). We prove now that NeoMinkowskian Vacuum (non-b...In the previous paper (JMP 2014) we showed that there exists a NeoMinkowskian Gravitational Expanding Solution of GR (General Relativity) with CC (Cosmological Constant). We prove now that NeoMinkowskian Vacuum (non-baryonic Fluid), with gravitational (first) density (dark energy) and gravitational waves (at light speed), corresponds to the Gravitation Field of a Cosmological Black Hole (CBH). The latter predicts furthermore a basic emission of Radiation (CBR) from Hubble spherical singular Horizon to the inside of CBH (unlike Hawking’s emission) at an initial singular time. Our solution is then compatible with a well-tempered Big Bang and Expanding Universe (Escher’s Figure, see Penrose, 3) but incompatible with inflation. The latter is based on Hypothesis of a so-called Planck’s particle (Lemaitre’s primitive atom) characterized by a so-called Planck length. We prove that we can short-circuit this unstable particle with a stable cosmological Poincaré’s electron with gravific pressure. It is well known that electron is a stranger in usual Minkowskian vacuum (dixit Einstein). The stranger electron can be perfectly integrated in NeoMinkowskian Radiation fluid and then also (with its mass, charge and wavelength) in (second density of) CBR. Everything happens as if the leptonic mass of the electron were induced by our cosmological field. The unexpected cosmological model proposed here is the only one that predicts numerical values of (second) density and temperature of CBR very close to the observed (COBE) values.展开更多
文摘A Minkowskian solution of the equation of General Relativity (as written by Einstein in 1915) is trivial because it simply means that both members of the equation are equal to zero. However, if alternatively, one considers the complete equation with a non-zero constant Λ (Einstein 1917), a Minkowskian solution is no longer trivial because it amounts to impose a constraint on the right hand side of the equation (i.e. a non-null stress-energy tensor). If furthermore one identifies (as usual) this tensor to the one of a perfect fluid, one finds that this fluid has a positive energy density and a negative pressure that depend on the three constants of the equation (i.e. gravitational constant G, cosmological constant Λ and velocity of light c). When doing that (§1), one has to consider the “Minkowskian Vacuum” as a physical object of GR (an enigmatic non-baryonic Minkowskian fluid). Can one build a model of this object on the basis of a dynamical equilibrium between the effective gravitational attraction due to the positive energy density versus the negative pressure repulsion? We propose to study such a model, where the (enigmatic) fluid is assumed to exist only in a limited sphere whose surface acts like a “test body” sensitive to the gravitational field created by the fluid. No static equilibrium exists, but a pseudoNewtonian “dynamical equilibrium” (§2) can be reached if the pseudoEuclidean fluid is in state of expansion. Up to there, we have simply constructed a model of an “abstract Universe” (i.e. the limited sphere: There is no fluid outside this sphere!) that gives to a (purely mathematical) constant Λ a concrete physical meaning. We discover finally that our expanding fluid has not only dynamical (gravitational) properties (§3) but also optical properties that are connected with Doppler Redshift (§4). Remembering that recent observations in Cosmology indicate that the “real Universe” seems to be “Flat” and in “Accelerated Expansion”;remembering also (after all) that the archetypal Flat Universe is simply a Minkowskian Universe, we logically wonder if the unexpected Minkowskian global solution, could not be also a significant cosmological model (conclusion).
文摘In the previous paper (JMP 2014) we showed that there exists a NeoMinkowskian Gravitational Expanding Solution of GR (General Relativity) with CC (Cosmological Constant). We prove now that NeoMinkowskian Vacuum (non-baryonic Fluid), with gravitational (first) density (dark energy) and gravitational waves (at light speed), corresponds to the Gravitation Field of a Cosmological Black Hole (CBH). The latter predicts furthermore a basic emission of Radiation (CBR) from Hubble spherical singular Horizon to the inside of CBH (unlike Hawking’s emission) at an initial singular time. Our solution is then compatible with a well-tempered Big Bang and Expanding Universe (Escher’s Figure, see Penrose, 3) but incompatible with inflation. The latter is based on Hypothesis of a so-called Planck’s particle (Lemaitre’s primitive atom) characterized by a so-called Planck length. We prove that we can short-circuit this unstable particle with a stable cosmological Poincaré’s electron with gravific pressure. It is well known that electron is a stranger in usual Minkowskian vacuum (dixit Einstein). The stranger electron can be perfectly integrated in NeoMinkowskian Radiation fluid and then also (with its mass, charge and wavelength) in (second density of) CBR. Everything happens as if the leptonic mass of the electron were induced by our cosmological field. The unexpected cosmological model proposed here is the only one that predicts numerical values of (second) density and temperature of CBR very close to the observed (COBE) values.
