Strategic Study on the Development of Space Science in China and Proposals for Future Missions

Since 2011,the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)has implemented the Strategic Priority Program on Space Science(SPP).A series of scientific satellites have been developed and launched,such as Dark Matter Particle Explorer(DAMPE),Quantum Experiments at Space Scale(QUESS),Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory(ASO-S),Einstein Probe(EP),and significant scientific outcomes have been achieved.In order to plan the future space science missions in China,CAS has organized the Chinese space science community to conduct medium and long-term development strategy studies,and summarized the major scientific frontiers of space science as“One Black,Two Dark,Three Origins and Five Characterizations”.Five main scientific themes have been identified for China’s future breakthroughs,including the Extreme Universe,Space-Time Ripples,the Panoramic View of the Sun and Earth,the Habitable Planets,and Biological&Physical Science in Space.Space science satellite missions to be implemented before 2030 are proposed accordingly.

Fast solution to the free return orbit's reachable domain of the manned lunar mission by deep neural network

It is important to calculate the reachable domain(RD)of the manned lunar mission to evaluate whether a lunar landing site could be reached by the spacecraft. In this paper, the RD of free return orbits is quickly evaluated and calculated via the classification and regression neural networks. An efficient databasegeneration method is developed for obtaining eight types of free return orbits and then the RD is defined by the orbit’s inclination and right ascension of ascending node(RAAN) at the perilune. A classify neural network and a regression network are trained respectively. The former is built for classifying the type of the RD, and the latter is built for calculating the inclination and RAAN of the RD. The simulation results show that two neural networks are well trained. The classification model has an accuracy of more than 99% and the mean square error of the regression model is less than 0.01°on the test set. Moreover, a serial strategy is proposed to combine the two surrogate models and a recognition tool is built to evaluate whether a lunar site could be reached. The proposed deep learning method shows the superiority in computation efficiency compared with the traditional double two-body model.

Mission Impossible?

African opposition to the ICC threatens an important legal recourse available to the continent＇s victims of human rights violations

A Planning Method for Operational Test of UAV Swarm Based on Mission Reliability

The unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)swarm plays an increasingly important role in the modern battlefield,and the UAV swarm operational test is a vital means to validate the combat effectiveness of the UAV swarm.Due to the high cost and long duration of operational tests,it is essential to plan the test in advance.To solve the problem of planning UAV swarm operational test,this study considers the multi-stage feature of a UAV swarm mission,composed of launch,flight and combat stages,and proposes a method to find test plans that can maximize mission reliability.Therefore,a multi-stage mission reliability model for a UAV swarm is proposed to ensure successful implementation of the mission.A multi-objective integer optimization method that considers both mission reliability and cost is then formulated to obtain the optimal test plans.This study first constructs a mission reliability model for the UAV swarm in the combat stage.Then,the launch stage and flight stage are integrated to develop a complete PMS(Phased Mission Systems)reliability model.Finally,the Binary Decision Diagrams(BDD)and Multi Objective Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization(MOQPSO)methods are proposed to solve the model.The optimal plans considering both reliability and cost are obtained.The proposed model supports the planning of UAV swarm operational tests and represents a meaningful exploration of UAV swarm test planning.

Life Origin in the Milky Way Galaxy: II. Scanning for Habitable Stellar Systems on Behalf of Future Space Missions

The possibility of the life origin in the stellar systems, located at a distance of ~200 pc from the solar system, was investigated. The stars, in the spectrums of which C (carbon), O (oxygen), N (nitrogen), and P (phosphorus) are found, are called DNA-stars. Based on stellar abundances a new method for searching for habitable exoplanets has been developed and a list of 48 DNA-stars in the solar neighborhood, on which life is possible, has been defined. The quota of DNA-stars is equal 1.3% of the total amount of Hypatia Stellar Catalog. Only three DNA-stars out of selected 48 stars belong to the spectral class as our Sun (G2V). The closest to the solar system is the DNA-star with the number HIP 15510, which belongs to the G8V class and is 6 pc away from the solar system. Nine DNA-stars, which have the highest chemical similarity with solar spectrum, were identified. It is identified that one of these nine stars, HIP 24681, has six planets.

“Einstein Probe”Mission Holds New Promise in Time-domain Astronomy

Einstein Probe,an astronomical satellite designed for X-ray observation on astronomical events drastically evolving over time,was successfully sent into preset orbit by a Long March 2C rocket from China’s Xichang Satellite Launch Center located in Sichuan Province at 15:03 GMT+8 on January 9,2024.

Key networks to create disaster resilient Smart Cities Mission: A case for remodeling India’s Smart Cities Mission to include disaster resilience

Amidst a concerning surge in urban losses attributed to disasters,this research paper explores the intricate relationship between urban development,disaster mitigation,and resilience emphasizing the significance of addressing disaster vulnerability in urban settings,where a substantial portion of the population faces risks stemming from high population density,limited resilience,and inadequate coping capabilities.The study advocates for the integration of disaster resilience principles into the Smart Cities Mission of India,placing particular emphasis on the necessity of developing infrastructure,establishing early warning systems,and fostering community engagement to bolster urban resilience.Furthermore,the paper draws comparisons and parallels between the components of smart cities,mitigation strategies,and disaster resilience,illuminating their interconnectedness and potential synergies.In conclusion,the study recommends the incorporation of essential network elements to establish a Smart Cities Mission that is resilient to disasters,ultimately aiming to safeguard urban communities from the adverse impacts of future calamities.

不确定环境下多无人机察打一体任务规划方法

针对动态不确定战场环境下多无人机对多区域、多目标的协同察打任务规划过程中存在的信息不确定、任务多约束及航迹强耦合的多目标优化与决策问题,结合Dubins航迹规划算法,提出了一种融合多种改进策略的灰狼优化算法(grey wolf optimization algorithm incorporating multiple improvement strategies,IMISGWO).首先,针对动态环境带来的无人机巡航速度及察打任务消失时间的不确定性,基于可信性理论建立了以最大化任务收益为指标的任务规划数学模型;其次,为实现该问题的快速求解,设计了初始解均匀分布、个体通信机制调整、动态权重更新和跳出局部最优等策略,提升算法解搜索能力;最后,构建了多无人机察打一体典型任务仿真场景,通过数字仿真以及虚实结合半实物仿真试验验证了算法的可行性和有效性.仿真结果表明:算法在求解不确定环境下耦合航迹的多无人机察打一体任务规划问题时,能够生成多机高效的任务执行序列和满足无人机飞行性能约束的飞行轨迹,且能够适用于无人机数量增加导致问题复杂度增加情形下此类问题的求解.

新工科背景下“无人机地面站与任务规划”课程设计

“无人机地面站与任务规划”作为无人驾驶航空器系统工程专业的一门核心专业课程,探讨在“新工科”建设背景下课程具体内容,通过理论教学与研究实验实践教学相结合的方式进行课程设计,以顺应时代要求和人才培养需求。该研究可为无人机相关专业课程建设提供借鉴。

定期继续性合同僵局的化解路径重构

定期继续性合同中的“时间因素”意味着当事人更高的预测风险和更强的相互信赖要求,法律有必要为当事人提供额外的摆脱合同的机会,申请解除权乃合同拘束力固有限制的具体化,源于私人自治的应有合意,并未违背合同严守原则。《民法典》第580条第2款既不能直接适用,也不能类推适用、扩张适用于定期继续性合同僵局。《民法典》第591条通过令债权人负担替代交易的减损义务来限制其实际履行请求权,仅能够化解部分定期继续性合同僵局。有必要适用诚信原则从解释论路径论证重大事由解除规则以填补法律漏洞,满足信赖关系破坏的定期继续合同解除需求。为实现法律关系变动的明确性和法秩序的评价一致性,当事人只能向法院或仲裁机构申请解除,该权利为形成诉权,适用除斥期间规则。在具体案件审理中,裁判者应当参酌实质评价因素进行充分利益权衡和说理论证,合同解除时间的确定可参照适用《民法典合同编通则解释》第59条,解除效果原则上不具有溯及力。

坚持真理坚守理想——“伟大建党精神”生成史

中国共产党成立百年之际提出的“伟大建党精神”,既是一种理论概括,更是对建党时期历史的真实写照。“坚持真理、坚守理想”是思想理论指导,“践行初心、担当使命”是历史任务与奋斗目标,“不怕牺牲、英勇斗争”是精神境界与方式方法,“对党忠诚、不负人民”是政治和阶级立场,四者紧密关联,是一个有机的整体。

AC-PSO ALGORITHM FOR UAV MISSION PLANNING

Choosing the best path during unmanned air vehicle （UAV） flying is the target of the UAV mission planning problem. Because of its nearly constant flight height, the UAV mission planning problem can be treated as a 2-D （horizontal） path arrangement problem. By modeling the antiaircraft threat, the UAV mission planning can be mapped to the traveling seaman problem （TSP）. A new algorithm is presented to solve the TSP. The algorithm combines the traditional ant colony system （ACS） with particle swarm optimization （PSO）, thus being called the AC-PSO algorithm. It uses one by one tour building strategy like ACS to determine that the target point can be chosen like PSO. Experiments show that AC-PSO synthesizes both ACS and PSO and obtains excellent solution of the UAV mission planning with a higher accuracy.

国际学界关于ChatGPT语言能力的争论与思考

随着ChatGPT为代表的大语言模型在应用方面取得极大成功,语言官能是否为人类独有的问题引起热议,国际学界形成两个对立的阵营。一方认为,大语言模型语言理解和产出方面达到了媲美人类的水准,对乔姆斯基的语言学理论提出了挑战,甚至足以取代生成语法的语言学理论地位。另一方则认为,人类语言习得“刺激贫乏”但生成能力惊人,而大语言模型“学习”语言依靠输入海量数据,因此,它无法对人类语言的本质问题给出合理性解释,在语言的核心属性方面与人类语言官能存在本质区别。不少实证测试也对夸大大语言模型在语言学理论中的地位的观点进行了批判。本文认为,对这一问题的讨论,首先应思考如下问题:(1)区分科学理论建构与工程应用;(2)对“可能的语言”与“不可能的语言”的区分做出原则性的预测与解释;(3)探讨自然语言习得“刺激贫乏”与大语言模型依靠“豪华型”海量数据之对立背后的深层原因;(4)对句法在人类语言和大语言模型中的地位进行更多维度和更系统的对比评测。

佳能广告“Impossible Made Possible”之文体分析

佳能打印机广告"impossible made possible"有着显著的文体特征:一是语音方面,各种押韵被用到,如头韵、尾韵等;音调重音在末尾;元辅音的频繁重复使用。二是词汇方面,形容词占据着极大的比重;反义词possible与impossible强烈的对比效果。三是句法方面,过去简单小句的使用使句子短小精湛。四是语义方面,修辞手法—"重复"的使用。五是语篇方面,情态的精准把握与极性词的使用;语言组织时概念主位与述位精确的定位;口语与书面语的交替使用。基于以上文体特征,该广告大获成功。

师范生职业使命感对学习投入的影响研究——基于有调节的中介效应分析

本研究以自我决定理论与职业生涯建构理论为基础,以80536名师范生群体为研究对象,采用职业认同量表、职业目标量表、学习投入量表以及职业使命感量表,探讨师范生职业使命感与其学习投入之间的关系。结果表明:在控制性别、年级、学校类型以及身份的基础上,师范生职业使命感对学习投入具有显著正向影响;职业认同在职业使命感与学习投入之间起到部分中介作用;职业目标调节了职业使命感通过职业认同影响师范生学习投入的中介过程的前半段路径,并且在职业使命感与学习投入之间也起到调节作用。研究结果揭示了在师范生群体之中,职业目标、职业认同、职业使命感与学习投入四个变量之间的作用机理,为增强师范生对于教师身份的认同感,提升其职业使命感以及在校期间的学习投入奠定基础,也为高校培养师范生人才、创建高素质教师队伍提供参考依据。

基于Mission Planner的无人机自主导航测量系统设计与实现

针对目前测量工具价格较为昂贵、测量手段多采用人工采集的方式,设计一款基于Mission Planner开源地面站和全球导航卫星系统(global navigation satellite system, GNSS)相结合的无人机自主导航测量系统。该系统由四旋翼无人机、APM(advanced power management)控制器、Mission Planner地面站和PPK(post processed kinematic)后差分系统构成,共设计手动和自动导航两种控制方式。自动导航模式中可通过Mission Planner地面测控系统的地图模块、数据交互模块,实现无人机按照设计预设航线进行飞行,并获取目标点的空间三维坐标。通过GNSS-BDS/GPS系统定位试验和自动导航对比试验得出,此套自动测量系统静态达到厘米级的定位精度,自动导航模式下的定位精度达到分米级。最终将其应用到点位坐标测量中,该系统所测得数据误差控制在10 cm内,满足测量工作中的基本需求。研究结果可对今后开展全自主测量技术设备的研发提供理论基础和实践参考。

文化繁荣视域下档案文化“双创”的价值意蕴、内在要求与实践进路

档案文化创造性转化和创新性发展对满足人民精神文化需求、繁荣发展文化事业和文化产业、增进全社会文化认同意义重大。档案领域应把握历史思维、坚持全局观念、回应时代呼声、正视社会需要,通过坚持党的领导、担当时代使命,加强顶层设计、激活战略自觉,强化数智赋能、襄助质效提升,深化服务利用、激发深层潜能,聚力才智培育、筑牢智力根基,探索档案文化“双创”的实践进路,为中国式现代化贡献档案文化力量。

中国共产党人精神谱系:中国式现代化的精神动力

中国共产党百年来的奋斗史是一部以中国式现代化实现中华民族伟大复兴的探索史。中国式现代化的准备、探索、推进和拓展为中国共产党人精神谱系的形成与发展提供了时代背景、生成场域与实践基础,不断充实中国共产党人精神谱系的理论内涵与结构体系,而中国共产党人精神谱系不仅成为中国共产党团结带领中国人民艰苦奋斗推进现代化的精神表征,而且为中国式现代化的开拓进取提供了强大的精神动力。这种互动互促的内在机制在于,作为党在各个历史时期优秀精神产物的总和,中国共产党人精神谱系以历久弥坚的精神特质砥砺了中国共产党的先进性、强化了中国共产党的领导力、锻造了永远走在时代前列的中国共产党,为中国式现代化提供了坚强可靠的领导力量。中国共产党人精神谱系包含的真理理想、初心使命、斗争意志、忠诚品质集中体现了中国人民的强大信仰力量、历史主动精神与顽强斗争精神,不断以强大的精神引领效能为中国式现代化注入强劲动力。中国共产党人精神谱系是一个不断发展的体系,中国式现代化是一个与时俱进的过程。以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴,需要继续发扬作为中国共产党人精神谱系固有属性的伟大创造精神、伟大奋斗精神、伟大团结精神、伟大梦想精神,从而不断化解中国式现代化前进道路上面临的风险与挑战,以永不懈怠的精神状态和勇往直前的奋斗姿态,团结带领中国人民实现中国式现代化的奋斗目标。

中华文化生命体的特征探析

中华文化生命体呈现对环境刺激的反应、生长发育、新陈代谢、自我调节和超脱自然选择等特征,具有整体性、连贯性、创新性、开放性与和平性特质。整体性和连贯性确保中华文化在数千年发展中的赓承延续与稳定,通过“天人合一”“和而不同”实现内在和谐统一;创新性使中华文化在历史长河中保持强大的生长力,推动中华优秀传统文化现代转型,实现马克思主义中国化的新飞跃;开放性增强了中华文化的适应性和生命力,通过吸收和融合外来优秀文化元素,使中华文化在全球化进程中保持独特性和竞争力,并以开放姿态积极借鉴吸收人类文明一切优秀成果,推动文化守正创新;和平性源于对和谐、和合文化的深刻理解,强调和谐共生、和合共在、和平发展,通过对话与合作解决争端。中华文化生命体在全球化背景下展现出独特的现代价值和全球视野,彰显了中华文化的强大生命力和国际影响力。