Association of β3 Adrenergic Receptor and Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor Gamma 2 Polymorphisms With Insulin Sensitivity:A Twin Study

Objective To study the effect of β3 adrenergic receptor （β3AR） Trp64Arg and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma 2 （PPAR72） Prol2Ala polymorphisms on insulin resistance. Methods One hundred and eight dizygotic twin pairs were enrolled in this study. Microsatellite polymorphism was used to diagnose zygosity of twins. Insulin sensitivity was estimated with logarithm transformed homeostasis model assessment （HOMA）. PCR-RFLP analysis was performed to detect the variants. As a supplement to the sib-pair method, identity by state （IBS） was used to analyze the association of polymorphisms with insulin sensitivity. Results The genotype frequencies of Trp64Trg, Trp64Arg, and Arg64Arg were 72.3%, 23.8%, and 3.9%, respectively, while the genotype frequencies of Pro12Pro, Pro12Ala, and Ala12Ala were 89.9%, 9.6%, and 0.5%, respectively. For β3AR Trp64Arg the interclass co-twin correlations of Waist-to-hip ratio （WHR）, blood glucose （GLU）, and insulin （INS）, homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index （HOMA-IR） of the twin pairs sharing 2 alleles of IBS were greater than those sharing 0-1 allele of IBS, and HOMA4R had statistic significance. For PPAR3t2 Prol2Ala most traits of twin pairs sharing 2 alleles of IBS had greater correlations and statistic significance in body mass index （BMI）, WHR, percent of body fat （PBF） and GLU, but there were low correlations of either insulin or HOMA-IR of twin pairs sharing 1 or 2 alleles of IBS. The combined effects of the two variations showed less squared significant twin-pair differences of INS and HOMA-IR among twins sharing 4 alleles of IBS. Condusions β3AR Trp64Arg and PPAR）,2 Pro 12Ala polymorphisms might be associated with insulin resistance and obesity, and there might be slight synergistic effects between this two gene loci, and further studies are necessary to confirm this finding.

Hepatic lipid homeostasis by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPARγor PPARG)is a ligand-activated transcription factor belonging to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily.It plays a master role in the differentiation and proliferation of adipose tissues.It has two major isoforms,PPARγ1 and PPARγ2,encoded from a single gene using two separate promoters and alternative splicing.Among them,PPARγ2 is most abundantly expressed in adipocytes and plays major adipogenic and lipogenic roles in the tissue.Furthermore,it has been shown that PPARγ2 is also expressed in the liver,specifically in hepatocytes,and its expression level positively correlates with fat accumulation induced by pathological conditions such as obesity and diabetes.Knockout of the hepatic Pparg gene ameliorates hepatic steatosis induced by diet or genetic manipulations.Transcriptional activation of Pparg in the liver induces the adipogenic program to store fatty acids in lipid droplets as observed in adipocytes.Understanding how the hepatic Pparg gene expression is regulated will help develop preventative and therapeutic treatments for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Due to the potential adverse effect of hepatic Pparg gene deletion on peripheral tissue functions,therapeutic interventions that target PPAR g for fatty liver diseases require fine-tuning of this gene's expression and transcriptional activity。

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma inhibits hepatic fibrosis in rats

BACKGROUND:Hepatic fibrosis is a necessary step in the development of hepatic cirrhosis.In this study we used lentiviral vector-mediated transfection technology to evaluate the effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPAR-γ) on rat hepatic fibrosis. METHODS:Hepatic fibrosis in rats was induced by CCl4 for 2 weeks(early fibrosis)and 8 weeks(sustained fibrosis).The rats were randomly divided into four groups:normal control, fibrosis,blank vector,and PPAR-γ.They were infected with the recombinant lentiviral expression vector carrying the rat PPAR-γgene by portal vein injection.The liver of the rats was examined histologically and hydroxyproline was assessed.In vitro primary hepatic stellate cells(HSCs)were infected with the recombinant lentiviral expression vector carrying the rat PPAR-γgene.The status of HSC proliferation was measured by the MTT assay.The protein levels of PPAR-γ,α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)and type I collagen expression were evaluated by the Western blotting method. RESULTS:In vitro studies revealed that expression of PPAR-γ inhibited expression ofα-SMA and type I collagen in activated HSCs(P<0.01)as well as HSC proliferation(P<0.01).In vivo experiments indicated that in the early hepatic fibrosis group,the hydroxyproline content and the level of collagen I protein in the liver in the PPAR-γtransfected group were not significantly different compared to the hepatic fibrosis group and the blank vector group;whereas the expressions of PPAR-γ andα-SMA were different compared to the hepatic fibrosis group(P<0.01).In the sustained hepatic fibrosis group,there were significant differences in the hydroxyproline content and the expression of PPAR-γ,α-SMA,and type I collagen between each group.CONCLUSION:PPAR-γcan inhibit HSC proliferation and hepatic fibrosis,and suppressα-SMA and type I collagen expression.

Protective effect of ghrelin on left ventricular remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats is associated with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-dependent pathway

Background Studies suggested that exogenous ghrelin administration could prevent early left ventricular remodeling in rats with myocardial infarction. We investigated herein whether ghrelin attenuated left ventricular remodeling induced by hypertension and whether ghrelin＇s effect was mediated through the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma （PPAR-y）-dependent pathway. Methods Spontaneously hypertensive rats （8-week-old males） were randomly divided into three groups with 12 rats in each： ghrelin group （received ghrelin 100 IJg/kg subcutaneously （sc） twice daily）; ghrelin＋GW9662 group （received the PPAR-y antagonist GW9662 at 2 mg/kg sc, and then ghrelin as above）; saline controls. Normal male Wistar Kyoto rats （n=-12） served as normal controls. Four weeks later, the effects of ghrelin on cardiac remodeling were evaluated by echocardiographic, hemodynamic, and histopathological examination, and gene expression analysis （PPAR-y protein and mRNA expression）. The serum levels of C-reactive protein （CRP） and tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-a were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results Ghrelin prevented ventricular remodeling, increased PPAR-y expression in the myocardium, suppressed collagen I and collagen Ill mRNA expression, and also decreased the serum levels of TNF-a, but not CRP. All abovementioned effects of ghrelin were inhibited by GW9662. Conclusion Ghrelin inhibited ventricular remodeling induced by hypertension, and the preventive effects of ghrelin may be mediated by the anti-inflammatory actions of the PPAR-y-dependent pathway.

Mitofusin2 Decreases Intracellular Cholesterol of Oxidized LDL-Induced Foam Cells from Rat Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Mitofusin2 （Mfn2） plays a pivotal role in the proliferation and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells （VSMCs）. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Mfn2 on the traffick- ing of intracellular cholesterol in the foam ceils derived from rat VSMCs （rVSMCs） and also to investigate the effects of Mfn2 on the expression of adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 （ABCA1）, adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette subfamily G member 1 （ABCG1） and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma （PPARy）. The rVSMCs were co-cultured with oxi- dized low density lipoprotein （LDL, 80 ~tg/mL） to produce foam cells and cholesterol accumulation in cells. Before oxidized LDL treatment, different titers （20, 40 and 60 pfu/cell） of recombinant adenovirus containing Mfn2 gene （Adv-Mfn2） were added into the culture medium for 24 h to transfect the Mfn2 gene into the rVSMCs. Then the cells were harvested for analyses. The protein expression of Mfn2 was significantly higher in Adv-Mfn2-transfected group than in untransfected group （P〈0.05）, and the ex- pression levels significantly increased when the titer of Adv-Mfn2 increased （P〈0.05）. At 24 or 48 h af- ter oxidized LDL treatment, rVSMCs became irregular and their nuclei became larger, and their plasma abounded with red lipid droplets. However, the number of red lipid droplets was significantly decreased in Adv-Mfn2-transfected group as compared with untransfected group. At 48 h after oxidized LDL treatment, the intracellular cholesterol in rVSMCs was significantly increased （P〈0.05）, but it was sig- nificantly decreased in Adv-Mfn2-transfected group as compared with untransfected group （P〈0.05）, and it also significantly decreased when the titer of Adv-Mfn2 increased （P〈0.05）. The mRNA and pro- tein expression levels of ABCA1 and ABCG1 were significantly increased in Adv-Mfn2-transfected group as compared with untransfected group （P〈0.05）. Though the mRNA and protein expression levels of PPARy was not significantly increased （P〉0.05）, the phosporylation levels of PPARy were signifi- cantly decreased in Adv-Mfn2-transfected group as compared with untransfected group （P〈0.05）. These results suggest that the transfection of Adv-Mfn2 can significantly reduce intracellular cholesterol in oxidized LDL-induced rVSMCs possibly by decreasing PPAR＇/phosporylation and then increasing pro- tein expression levels of ABCAI and ABCG1, which may be helpful to suppress the formation of foam cells.

Expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ,E-cadherin and matrix metalloproteinases-2 in gastric carcinoma and lymph node metastases

Background Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ （PPARγ） is a ligand-activated transcription factor. Activation of PPARγ has recently been demonstrated to inhibit various tumor cells growth, progression and metastasis. E-cadherin-mediated cell adhesion system is now considered to be an “invasion suppressor system” in cancer tissues. Matrix metalloproteinases-2 （MMP-2） is a prerequisite for metastasizing tumor cells. However their correlation is still unknown in gastric carcinoma. The aim of this study was to assess the expression of PPAR7, E-cadherin, MMP-2 and their correlation in gastric carcinoma and metastases. Methods Gastric carcinoma tissues and their corresponding lymph nodes with metastases and the adjacent non-tumor tissues were obtained from 54 patients with gastric cancer who underwent gastrectomy. Expression of PPARγ, E-cadherin and MMP-2 was assessed by immunohistochemical staining. Results The nuclear expression level of PPARγ in neoplastic cells was significantly lower than that in the normal controls （P〈0.001）, with the expression of PPARγ being weaker in primary tumors compared with that in metastases. In all neoplastic cells, E-cadherin was expressed with abnormal patterns （cytoplasm pattern, cytoplasm and membrane pattern or absent）, compared with normal cells where E-cadherin was expressed with a normal pattern （membrane pattern）. Compared with the normal tissues, the expression level of E-cadherin decreased in primary tumors and further decreased in metastases （P〈0.001）. Membrane staining of MMP-2 was detected in the foveolar epithelia of normal gastric mucosa, whereas predominant cytoplasm staining of MMP-2 was found in malignant tissues. The expression of MMP-2 was stronger in metastatic tissues than in primary tumors. In neoplastic foci the expression of PPARγ was negatively correlated with MMP-2 expression （P〈0.05）. However, there was no correlation between E-cadherin and PPARγ or MM P-2 expression. Conclusions Down-regulation of PPARγ and E-cadherin and up-regulation of MMP-2 in neoplastic foci might be helpful to gastric carcinogenesis and metastases. An inverse relationship between PPARγ and MMP-2 in human gastric carcinoma suggests that PPARγ might modulate MMP-2 expression and affect gastric cancer metastases.

Association between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α gene polymorphisms and type 2 diabetes in southern Chinese population:role of altered interaction with myocyte enhancer factor 2C

Background Some single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-y coactivator （PGC）-1α gene have been reported to be associated with type 2 diabetes in different populations, and studies on Chinese patients yielded controversial results. The objective of this case-control study was to explore the relationship between SNPs of PGC-1α and type 2 diabetes in the southern Chinese population and to determine whether the common variants： Gly482Ser and Thr394Thr, in the PGC-1α gene have any impacts on interaction with myocyte enhancer factor （MEF） 2C. Methods The SNPs in all exons of the PGC-1α gene was investigated in 50 type 2 diabetic patients using polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformational polymorphism （PCR-SSCP） and direct sequencing. Thereafter, 263 type 2 diabetic patients and 282 healthy controls were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism （PCR-RFLP）. A bacterial two-hybrid system and site-directed mutagenesis were used to investigate whether Gly482Ser and Thr394Thr variants in the PGC-1α gene alter the interaction with MEF2C. Results Three frequent SNPs （Thr394Thr, Gly482Ser and Thr528Thr） were found in exons of the PGC-1α gene. Only the Gly482Ser variant had a different distribution between diabetic patients and healthy subjects, with the 482Ser allele more frequent in patients than in controls （40.1% vs 29.3%, P〈0.01）. Even in controls, the 482Ser（A） carriers were more likely to have higher levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol than the 482Gly（G） carriers. The 394A-482G-528A haplotype was associated with protection from diabetes, while the 394A-482A-528A was associated with the susceptibility to diabetes. The bacterial two-hybrid system and site-directed mutagenesis revealed that the 482Ser variant was less efficient than the 482Gly variant to interact with MEF2C, whereas the 394Thr （A） had a synergic effect on the interaction between 482Ser variant and MEF2C. Conclusions The results suggested that the 482Ser variant of PGC-1α conferred the susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in the southern Chinese population. The underlying mechanism may be attributable, at least in part, to the altered interaction between the different variants （Gly482Ser, Thr394Thr） in the PGC-1α gene and MEF2C.

The Influence of the Pro12Ala Mutation of PPARγ2 Receptor Gene on β-cells Restoration and Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes with Hypertension

The aim of this investigation was to determine whether a PPAR72 Prol2Ala polymorphism was associated with insulin resistance, β-cellfunction and hypertension in Chinese populations. 289 unrelated Chinese subjects first diagnosed Type 2 diabetes （HbAC1〈6.0） were investigated, including 132 hypertensive diabetic （HTD） subjects, 157 normotensive diabetic （NTD） subjects. Blood pressure and anthropometric measurements were collected from all participants, as well as several venous blood samples during oral glucose tolerance test （OGTT）. Biochemical measurements （high-density lipoprotein （HDL） and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol （LDL）, triglycerides） and PPARγ2 Pro12Ala genotype were also determined. And insulin resistance and β-cells function was assessed by HOMA-IR and HOMA-β respectively. The frequency of subjects bearing the Pro12Ala was lower in the hypertension group （3. 03 %） than in the non-hypertension group （5.7 %） （P〈0.05） after adjusted for age, BMI and gender. Hypertensive diabetic Pro12Ala subjects had lower fasting plasma glucose level （P=0. 0127）, and better glucose tolerance 60 min after oral glucose （P=0. 0361）. Moreover, plasma insulin concentrations at 60 min was lower than those without A variant （P = 0. 0275）, and both hypertensive Ala/Pro in HOMA-β （P ： 0. 0455） and AUC for insulin （P=0. 0473） were higher, and HOMA-IR was lower （P=0. 0375） as compared with hypertensive Pro/Pro subjects. No association was observed between Prol2Ala genotype and BMI, total cholesterol, HDL- cholesterol or triglycerides in either group. Our findings suggested that the Ala 12 allele of the PPARγ2 gene may improve insulin resistance and ameliorate β-cell function reserves in T2DM with hypertension, and protect patients from hypertension in T2DM. As an important thrifty gene, environment factors may exerts an effect of PPARγ2 on glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma signaling in human sperm physiology

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma （PPARy） is a member of the PPARs, which are transcription factors of the steroid receptor superfamily. PPARy acts as an important molecule for regulating energy homeostasis, modulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal （HPG） axis, and is reciprocally regulated by HPG. In the human, PPARγprotein is highly expressed in ejaculated spermatozoa, implying a possible role of PPARγ signaling in regulating sperm energy dissipation. PPARγ protein is also expressed in Sertoli cells and germ cells （spermatocytes）. Its activation can be induced during capacitation and the acrosome reaction. This mini-review will focus on how PPARy signaling may affect fertility and sperm quality and the potential reversibility of these adverse effects.

Advances in Studies of Chiglitazar Sodium,a Novel PPAR Pan-Agonist,for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Chiglitazar sodium is a new peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPAR)pan-agonist with independent intellectual property rights in China.It can treat type 2 diabetes mellitus and regulate metabolism by modestly activating PPARα,PPARγ,and PPARδto improve insulin sensitivity,regulate blood glucose,and promote fatty acid oxidation and utilization.Chiglitazar sodium has a significant insulin-sensitizing effect and is advantageous in reducing fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels,particularly at the 48 mg dose in patients with concomitant high triglycerides in terms of blood glucose and triglyceride level control.

MuRF2、PPAR γ1和Ub重组质粒的构建及鉴定

目的 构建过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ亚型1(peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma isoform 1,PPAR γ1)、泛素连接酶肌肉环指状蛋白2(ubiquitin ligase muscle ring finger protein 2,MuRF2)和泛素(ubiquitin,Ub)的重组质粒并进行鉴定。方法 根据MuRF2、PPAR γ1和Ub的cDNA序列及GV146和GV417载体质粒上的多克隆位点设计目的基因克隆引物。XhoI/EcoRI内切酶分别双酶切PPAR γ1目的DNA与GV146载体;NheI/BamHI内切酶分别双酶切MuRF2和Ub目的 DNA与GV417载体。用连接酶连接双酶切后的目的 DNA和载体,导入大肠杆菌经筛选获得重组质粒。PCR鉴定重组克隆后进行DNA测序。转染HEK 293T细胞后,于荧光显微镜下观察转染效率;免疫共沉淀实验后用Western blot检测蛋白的表达及蛋白质相互作用。结果 以合成的PPAR γ1、Ub、MuRF2的引物分别对PPAR γ1、Ub和MuRF2的菌落进行PCR扩增,产物大小分别为943、451和1 154 bp,与预期结果一致。测序结果与目的基因序列进行比对分析,证实成功构建出PPAR γ1、Ub和MuRF2的重组质粒。在HEK 293T细胞中共转染His-MuRF2、HA-Ub、PPAR γ1重组质粒,荧光显微镜观察结果提示重组质粒成功转染。免疫共沉淀试验后用Western blot检测可见PPAR γ1、MuRF2和Ub蛋白的有效表达,且验证了MuRF2介导PPAR γ1发生泛素化修饰反应。结论成功构建PPAR γ1、MuRF2和Ub的重组质粒,且三种质粒在HEK 293T细胞中有效表达,验证了MuRF2介导PPAR γ1发生泛素化修饰反应。

基于分子对接技术探究天花粉活性成分与2型糖尿病靶点的相互作用

目的基于分子对接技术探究天花粉活性成分与2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)靶点的相互作用。方法通过中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台(Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform,TCMSP)和SwissTargetPrediction数据库获得天花粉活性成分及作用靶点,在GeneCards和DisGeNET数据库中获得T2DM靶点。将天花粉活性成分靶点与T2DM靶点取交集,获取药物-疾病共有靶点,导入DAVID数据库进行基因本体(gene ontology,GO)和京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,KEGG)通路富集分析。构建共有靶点的蛋白质互作网络(protein-protein interaction networks,PPI),分析得出关键靶点。最后,利用Sybyl软件进行分子对接,验证活性成分与关键靶点相互作用。结果天花粉活性成分为仙人掌甾醇(schottenol)和菠菜甾醇(spinasterol),获得药物-疾病共有靶点21个。PPI、GO和KEGG富集分析表明,天花粉可能作用于过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors,PPARs),进而通过PPAR信号通路和胰岛素抵抗信号通路调节糖脂代谢。分子对接表明,天花粉活性成分仙人掌甾醇和菠菜甾醇均与关键靶点过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(PPARγ)有较强的结合作用。结论天花粉活性成分仙人掌甾醇和菠菜甾醇,可能通过作用于T2DM靶点PPARγ改善胰岛素抵抗。

Effect of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Coactivator-1 Alpha Variants on Spontaneous Clearance and Fibrosis Progression during Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Moroccan Patients

Hepatitis C virus(HCV)is still one of the main causes of liver disease worldwide.Metabolic disorders,including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),induced by HCV have been shown to accelerate the progression of fibrosis to cirrhosis and to increase the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma.An optimal peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha(PPARGC1A)activity is crucial to prevent NAFLD installation.The present study aims to investigate the associations between two common PPARGC1A polymorphisms(rs8192678 and rs12640088)and the outcomes of HCV infection in a North African context.A series of 592 consecutive Moroccan subjects,including 292 patients with chronic hepatitis C(CHC),100 resolvers and 200 healthy controls were genotyped using a TaqMan allelic discrimination assay.PPARGC1A variations at rs8192678 and rs12640088 were not associated with spontaneous clearance of HCV infection(adjusted ORs=0.76 and 0.79 respectively,P[0.05,for both).Furthermore,multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that both SNPs were not associated with fibrosis progression(OR=0.71;95%CI 0.20–2.49;P=0.739;OR=1.28;95%CI 0.25–6.54;P=0.512,respectively).We conclude that,in the genetic context of South Mediterranean patients,rs8192678 and rs12640088 polymorphisms of PPARGC1 A are neither associated with spontaneous clearance nor with disease progression in individuals infected with HCV.

过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ与肥胖及2型糖尿病的关系研究进展

过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(PPAR-γ)是核转录受体家族成员,它在脂肪细胞分化、肥胖和糖尿病中都具有重要的作用。本文就PPAR-γ的结构及配体以及其与肥胖和2型糖尿病的关系做一综述。

高表达和敲减adipophilin对细胞内ERK1/2活性、PPARγ表达和细胞内脂质蓄积的影响(英文)

本课题组以前的研究表明,adipophilin通过ERK1/2-PPARγ信号转导通路促进细胞内的脂质蓄积.为了研究高表达和敲减adipophilin是否影响RAW264.7细胞内ERK1/2的活性、PPARγ的表达以及细胞内的脂质蓄积,从而进一步证实这一通路,阐明adipophilin促进泡沫细胞形成的机制.重组pQCXIP-HA-Adipophilin和pSuper-retro-adipophilin siRNA逆转录病毒载体经酶切检测证实,并用SofastTM介导转染到包装细胞PA317中,经培养后释放逆转录病毒.将收集的逆转录病毒感染RAW264.7细胞,经嘌呤霉素筛选后获得稳定高表达和敲减adipophilin的细胞系.用50 mg/L的氧化低密度脂蛋白处理细胞24 h后,用油红O染色法和高效液相色谱法测定细胞内的脂质蓄积情况,用半定量RT-PCR和蛋白质印迹分别检测adipophilin和PPARγ的mRNA和蛋白质的表达,用蛋白质印迹对与动脉粥样硬化发病有关的ERK1/2及其磷酸化进行检测.酶切结果表明,pQCXIP-HA-Adipophilin和pSuper-retro-adipophilin siRNA重组逆转录病毒载体构建成功.在荷脂情况下,pQCXIP-HA-Adipophilin转染的细胞能明显增加细胞内的脂质蓄积,但使PPARγ的表达和ERK1/2的磷酸化下调,这些作用可被adipophilin siRNA逆转.结果表明,adipophilin与泡沫细胞的形成有关,adipophilin可能是通过ERK1/2-PPARγ途径促进细胞内的脂质蓄积.

罗格列酮对小鼠日本血吸虫病肝纤维化基质金属蛋白酶-2的影响

目的:研究PPARγ配体罗格列酮治疗小鼠血吸虫病肝纤维化,血清MMP-2与TIMP-2的变化及肝组织MMP-2与TIMP-2的基因表达方法:昆明小鼠50只,随机分为正常对照组A、感染对照组B、吡喹酮治疗组C、罗格列酮治疗组D及罗格列酮加吡喹酮治疗组E.除正常对照组外,其余各组均建立血吸虫病肝纤维化小鼠模型.用ELISA法检测血清MMP-2及TIMP-2的含量,实时荧光定量PCR反应观察小鼠肝组织MMP-2 mRNA及TIMP-2 mRNA的表达.结果:D,E组血清MMP-2的含量(306.0±62.3μg/L,312.0±54.3μg/L)及肝组织MMP-2 mRNA的表达[-19.1±(-6.0),-20.4±(-6.2)]高于A组[221.3±39.2μg/L,-26.3±(-5.3):P<0.051,但明显低于B组[411.3±57.5μg/L,-12.2±(-4.4),P<0.05]和C组[402.9±57.2μg/ L,-12.8±(-4.0),P<0.051.B,C,D和E组血清TIMP-2的含量及肝组织TIMP-2 mRNA的表达均显著高于正常对照组[209.3±60.5μg/L,-20.5±(-4.7);213.5±66.0μg/L,-19.9±(-5.1);223.6±65.3μg/L,-18.8±(-5.5);224.5±64.4μg/L,-19.7±(-4.3) vs 150.4±46.5μg/L,-27.2±(-6.0),P<0.05],但这4组间TIMP-2值无显著性差异(P>0.05).结论:MMP-2在血吸虫病肝纤维化形成中起促进作用,PPARγ配体罗格列酮的抗肝纤维化机制与其下调MMP-2的表达有一定关系.

哈萨克族人β_3受体和过氧化物酶增殖体激活受体γ_2基因复合变异与代谢综合征的关系

目的检测新疆哈萨克族人群中β3受体基因Trp64Arg多态和过氧化物酶增殖体激活受体γ2(peroxisome proliferators-activated receptorγ2,PPARγ2)基因Pro12Ala多态联合变异与单纯腹型肥胖和代谢综合征的关系。方法应用聚合酶链反应和限制性片断长度多态性技术检测代谢综合征159例,单纯腹型肥胖78例和正常人基因型106例,同时测定相关的生化指标,并进行统计学分析。结果Trp64Arg多态和Pro12Ala多态及两基因的联合变异的基因型和等位基因频率在3组间差异无统计学意义。结论β3受体Trp64Arg多态和PPARγ2的Pro12Ala多态及两基因的联合变异与哈萨克族人群腹型肥胖及代谢综合征无明显关联。

石家庄地区人群中PPARγ_2基因突变与瘦素分泌和肥胖症关系的初步研究

目的 旨在研究过氧化物酶增殖物活化受体γ2 (PPARγ2 )基因Pro12Ala多态性与Leptin分泌和肥胖症的关系。方法 选择石家庄地区汉族2 0 8例,非肥胖和肥胖个体人,应用聚合酶链式反应-限制性片断长度多态性分析(PCR-RFLP) ,检测PPARγ2 基因突变。酶联免疫法(ELISA)测定血清瘦素(Leptin)浓度。结果 研究对象中非肥胖与肥胖个体血清瘦素浓度有显著性差别,非肥胖与肥胖组中均存在PPARγ2 基因Plo12和Ala12变异,但肥胖组中PPARγ2 基因Plo12和Ala12变异频率明显增高。结论 肥胖个体中PPARγ2 基因有Ala12突变是导致血清瘦素分泌增高、肥胖症发生有密切关系的遗传因素之一。

PPAR-γ/PGC-1α对支气管哮喘豚鼠肺组织Nrf2/γ-GCS-h作用

目的:观察PPAR-γ、PGC-1α、Nrf2和γ-GCS-h在豚鼠支气管哮喘肺组织中表达而探索PPAR-γ/PGC-1α对Nrf2/γ-GCS-h作用。方法:40只健康雄性豚鼠随机化原则分成对照组(A组)、哮喘组(B组)、地塞米松(C组)和罗格列酮治疗组(D组),每组10只豚鼠,卵蛋白致敏法复制哮喘模型。原位杂交检测PPAR-γ、PGC-1α、Nrf2和γ-GCS-hmRNA表达,免疫组化和Western blot检测四种蛋白表达。结果:PPAR-γ、PGC-1α、Nrf2和γ-GCS-h的mRNA哮喘组表达最低,四组表达差异有统计学意义(P均<0.01);免疫组化和Western blot显示PPAR-γ、PGC-1α、Nrf2和γ-GCS-h的蛋白哮喘组表达几乎都呈阴性而且以核内表达为主,四组差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01)。PPAR-γ表达与PGC-1α表达呈正相关,γ-GCS-h mRNA表达与PPAR-γ、PGC-1α、Nrf2核内表达均呈正相关,Nrf2表达与PPAR-γ和PGC-1α表达均呈正相关。结论:PPAR-γ、PGC-1α、Nrf2和γ-GCS-h在卵蛋白致敏急性支气管哮喘模型中表达下降;PPAR-γ/PGC-1α可通过上调Nrf2/γ-GCS-h表达提高组织的抗氧化能力,因而PPAR-γ/PGC-1α在哮喘的发病和防治可能起重要的作用。

选择性COX-2抑制剂、PPARγ激动剂在非酒精性脂肪肝病中应用的研究进展

非酒精性脂肪性肝病是临床最常见的慢性肝病,以肝细胞脂肪变为主要特征,可逐渐进展为脂肪性肝炎、肝纤维化甚至肝硬化、肝癌。近年来,选择性环氧合酶-2(Cyclooxygenase-2,COX-2)抑制剂及PPARγ激动剂与非酒精性脂肪性肝病的关系受到关注。过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体-γ(PPARγ)可能通过与COX-2相互作用,参与非酒精性脂肪性肝病的发病过程。现将选择性COX-2抑制剂及PPARγ激动剂在非酒精性脂肪性肝病中的应用做一综述。